Showing papers by "University of Turku published in 1969"
TL;DR: The fine structure of the mature foetal Leydig cells is suggested to reflect signs of human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation.
Abstract: Thirteen male human foetuses ranging in crown-rump length from 29 to 212 mm (ages 8–27 weeks) were studied. Four developmental phases are distinguished. 1. The predifferentiation phase (below 8 weeks): The interstitium contains only undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. 2. The differentiation phase (8–14 weeks): Leydig cells develop and gradually fill the space between the germ cords. 3. The maturity phase (14–18 weeks): The interstitium occupies more than one half of the total area in the testis sections and is filled with mature foetal Leydig cells. 4. The involution phase (18–40 weeks): Most of the Leydig cells gradually degenerate and disappear.
127 citations
TL;DR: Devices for the generation of languages, corresponding to the probabilistic recognition devices or Probabilistic automata, are introduced and the resulting families of languages are investigated.
Abstract: Devices for the generation of languages, corresponding to the probabilistic recognition devices or probabilistic automata, are introduced and the resulting families of languages are investigated. Comparisons are made with some other recently introduced grammars, where restrictions are imposed not only on the form of the rewriting rules but also on the use of them. A uniform representation for such grammars is provided by the notion of a grammar with a prescribed control language for the derivations.
106 citations
TL;DR: This investigation indicates that elastofibroma is not a real neoplasm but rather a degenerative pseudotumor of the elastic tissue.
Abstract: The authors describe 13 cases of elastofibroma seen by them and review 23 cases from the literature. With the exception of one tumor on the trochanter major, all of the tumors were subscapular. Microscopic and electron-microscopic studies showed that hypertrophy and degeneration of the elastic fibers and lamellae were essential for the formation of the tumor. Histo- and biochemical studies suggested that the fibers were composed of elastin. The fibers were resistant to collagenase but treatment with elastase resulted in a marked decrease in stainability of the fiber substance with elastic stains. Tests for sulphydryl groups were positive. Chemical analysis of one tumor showed 8% elastic and 75–80% collagenous tissue. This investigation indicates that elastofibroma is not a real neoplasm but rather a degenerative pseudotumor of the elastic tissue.
95 citations
TL;DR: No sexual differences were observed in the maturation of the primary catecholamines during the ontogenic development of the rat, and more fluorescent cell bodies and nerve endings are seen in the arcuate neurons during the late diestrus than during estrus.
Abstract: The alterations in the content of the primary catecholamines in the hypothalamus have been studied with the histochemical technique of para-formaldehyde induced fluorescence.
74 citations
TL;DR: Several rat tissues were shown to contain a peptidase capable of liberating naphthylamine from glycyl-dl-proline naphethylamide (Gly-Pro-NA), and this enzyme was localised in tissue sections by using diazo coupling reaction and indirect immunologic techniques.
Abstract: Several rat tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, skin, heart, lung and brain) were shown to contain a peptidase capable of liberating naphthylamine from glycyl-dl-proline naphthylamide (Gly-Pro-NA). A single DEAE-cellulose chromatography of autodigested homogenates of the above tissues produced a partial separation of the peptidase from the enzymes hydrolysing l-leucine β-naphthylamide. The Gly-Pro-NA hydrolysing enzyme was localised in tissue sections by using diazo coupling reaction and indirect immunologic techniques. Antibodies were prepared against the enzyme purified from rat liver and kidney in the rabbit. Rabbit γ-globulin was localized by using goat anti-rabbit γ-globulin labeled with fluorescein or with peroxidase.
71 citations
TL;DR: The notion of index is extended to concern context-free languages, and an example is given of a language with infinite index.
Abstract: An example is given of a context-free grammar with infinite index. This solves a problem proposed by Brainerd. The notion of index is extended to concern context-free languages, and an example is given of a language with infinite index.
56 citations
TL;DR: A psychosomatic approach to Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Clinical Study of 100 Female Patients as discussed by the authors was conducted in 1969 and the results showed that the approach was effective in improving the health of 100 female patients.
Abstract: (1969). A Psychosomatic Approach to Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Clinical Study of 100 Female Patients. Acta Rheumatologica Scandinavica: Vol. 14, No. sup13, pp. 3-154.
51 citations
TL;DR: The ontogenetic development of the hypothalamic nuclei of the rat was examined from the 16th post-coital day to adult age in both sexes, which were determined separately and it was stated that theDevelopment of the nuclei in the rat hypothalamus compared to that of the other mammals is similar only to the mouse.
Abstract: The ontogenetic development of the hypothalamic nuclei of the rat was examined from the 16th post-coital day to adult age in both sexes, which were determined separately. The following conclusions have been drawn:
1.
The hypothalamus is visible already before the 16th day of gestation.
2.
The walls of the third ventricle are first composed of primitive cell layers, from which the migration of neurons proceeds on the 15th or 16th day. At this stage the differentiation of the wall of the third ventricle occurs: the germinal-, mantle-and marginal layers appear.
3.
The differentiation of the nuclei starts, with some exceptions, before the 19th day of gestation.
4.
Nn. suprachiasmaticus, supraopticus, periventricularis anterior, arcuatus and one part of paraventricularis differentiate from the lateral border of the germinal layer. Nn. ventromedialis, dorsomedialis, hypothalamicus anterior, praeoptici, praemamillaris ventralis, praemamillaris dorsalis, mamillaris medialis, mamillaris lateralis and the greater part of paraventricullaris differentiate from the mantle layer. Lateral nuclei, of which only nucleus tuberomamillarius has been described, differentiate from the marginal layer.
5.
Some nuclei which belong to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal area have a peak in their differentiation during the critical period when the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis also starts.
6.
It is stated that the development of the nuclei in the rat hypothalamus compared to that of the other mammals is similar only to that of the mouse. It takes place quite slowly before and after birth.
7.
Sexual differences are not to be seen in the development of the nuclei.
50 citations
TL;DR: After an oral dose of 500 mg the ascorbic acid concentration of parotid saliva revealed a significant rising trend 2, 4, and 6 hr after the administration, with maximum content in the 6-hr samples.
38 citations
TL;DR: Progesterone-4-14C placed in the small intestine of anaesthetized, heparinized dogs was found in the effluent venous plasma, first mainly as unchanged progesterone, then increasingly in the form of different metabolites, including 5α-pregnanedione, 20β-hydroxypregn- 4-en-3-one and at least one pregnancdiol epimer.
Abstract: Progesterone-4-14C placed in the small intestine of anaesthetized, heparinized dogs was found in the effluent venous plasma, first mainly as unchanged progesterone, then increasingly in the form of different metabolites. These include 5α-pregnanedione, 20β-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, at least one pregnancdiol epimer and a large group of polar metabolites. The share of sulphuric and/or glucuronic acid conjugates did not exceed two per cent of the total radioactivity.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a CO2-laser-induced effect on the tooth structure was studied, and the results showed that the effects of the CO2 laser on tooth structure can be significant.
Abstract: (1969). Laser-Induced Effects On Tooth Structure I. Crater Production With A CO2-Laser. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica: Vol. 27, No. 1-2, pp. 173-179.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between the prevalence of angular stomatitis and composition of food and metabolites of vitamins and iron in Scandinavia. And they found that the relationship was not causal.
Abstract: (1969). Prevalence of Angular Stomatitis Correlation with Composition of Food and Metabolism of Vitamins and Iron. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica: Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 655-680.
TL;DR: Some depletion experiments showed that the activity of brain 5-HT neurons decreased for some days in cold, but returned gradually to the control level after the animals had acclimated to cold.
Abstract: The brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) levels were determined fluorimetrically from mice during prolonged exposure to cold or heat. The NA level did not change until at extreme ambient temperatures, in which cases, especially in heat, a marked decrease was observed. In cold environment the 5-HT level decreased after an initial short increase. However, within one day the initial control level was reached again. In warm environment the changes were reversed. Some depletion experiments, where an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis was used, showed that the activity of brain 5-HT neurons decreased for some days in cold, but returned gradually to the control level after the animals had acclimated to cold.
TL;DR: Collagen is a “young” protein present only in multicellular organisms, and the number of acceptable mutations of the amino-acid composition is restricted by the structural requirements of the secondary structure.
Abstract: COLLAGEN is a “young” protein present only in multicellular organisms, and the number of acceptable mutations of the amino-acid composition is restricted by the structural requirements of the secondary structure. In what follows we summarize some of our work1–5 during the past 6 years in which we have compared collagen from different species.
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of an enzyme that hydrolyzes glycyl-proline naphthylamide optimally at pH 7.6-7.8, corresponding to a similar enzyme found in the rat liver, was demonstrated.
Abstract: Rat and human skin homogenate were fractionated using gel filtration of Sephadex G-100, and several enzymes hydrolysing dipeptide naphthylamides were partially separated. The presence of the following enzymes was demonstrated: 1. an enzyme hydrolysing glycyl-proline naphthylamide optimally at pH 7.6–7.8, corresponding to a similar enzyme found in the rat liver, 2. an enzyme hydrolysing lysyl-alanine naphthylamide optimally at pH 5.3–5.5, corresponding to the so-called dipeptidyl arylamidase II of bovine pituitary, 3. an sulfhydryl-dependent enzyme hydrolysing arginyl-arginine naphthylamide optimally at pH 8.0, corresponding to the so-called dipeptidyl arylamidase III of bovine pituitary, 4. a sulfhydryl-dependent enzyme hydrolysing alanyl-alanine naphthylamide optimally at pH 5.0, corresponding to cathepsin C. This enzyme was found to be present in the human skin only. In addition, aminopeptidase B, earlier demonstrated in the rat skin, was found to be present in the human skin.
TL;DR: The main fraction of the dog hair lipids gives rise to diols and unsubstituted fatty acids upon hydrolysis, but it is not identical with the Type II diester waxes.
TL;DR: Two new yeast species, Sterigmatomyces elviae isolated from a male patient and Trichosporon fennicum isolated fromA domestic cat, are described.
Abstract: Two new yeast species,Sterigmatomyces elviae isolated from a male patient andTrichosporon fennicum isolated from a domestic cat, are described.
TL;DR: In this article, the chemical interdiffusion coefficient, Kirkendall shift velocity and diffusion potential gradient have been derived for AY-BY type alkali halide couples from phenomenological and atomistic viewpoints.
TL;DR: Testosterone decreased and castration increased in male rats the hydrolytic activities of all 4 aminoacyl arylamidases and dipeptidyl aryamidases I and III, and no significant changes were noted in experimental conditions designed to modify the secretion of corticotropic and thyrotropic ho...
Abstract: The hydrolytic activities of 4 aminoacyl arylamidases (preferred substrates: I Leu-βNA; II Arg-βNA; III Lys-βNA; IV Arg-βNA), 3 dipeptidyl arylamidases (substrates: I Ser-Tyr-βNA; II Lys-Ala-βNA; III Arg-Arg-βNA), acid proteinase (substrate: hemoglobin) and acid phosphatase (substrate: p-nitrophenyl phosphate) were determined in the rat pituitary homogenate under various experimental endocrine conditions. Estradiol treatment of female rats caused an increase in the activity of all 4 aminoacyl arylamidases, dipeptidyl arylamidases I and III, acid proteinase and acid phosphatase within 20 days. However, castration of female rats increased the activity of dipeptidyl arylamidase II, aminoacyl arylamidase I and acid proteinase. Testosterone decreased and castration increased in male rats the hydrolytic activities of all 4 aminoacyl arylamidases and dipeptidyl arylamidases I and III. No significant changes were noted in experimental conditions designed to modify the secretion of corticotropic and thyrotropic ho...
TL;DR: Threat was quantified by means of a 20 sec anticipation condition where the subject knew the exact time for the expected shock in advance, as well as the exact probability of receiving a shock.
Abstract: Niemela, P. Electrodermal responses as a function of quantified threat. Scand. J. Psychol., 1969, 10, 19–56.—Threat was quantified by means of a 20 sec anticipation condition where the subject knew the exact time for the expected shock in advance, as well as the exact probability of receiving a shock. The probabilities used where 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00. The electrodermal responses (the amplitude of the skin resistance response, the amplitude of the skin potential response, and the number of electrodermal responses) during the anticipation period were found to vary systematically as functions of the probability of shock, and as functions of the time elapsed from the beginning of the experiment.
TL;DR: Durch quantitative Immunodiffusion wurde der Gehalt an IgM, IgA and IgG in menschlichen Fötalseren untersucht in Seren von am Termin geborenen Kindern gefunden.
Abstract: Durch quantitative Immunodiffusion wurde der Gehalt an IgM, IgA und IgG in menschlichen Fotalseren untersucht. Der fruheste Zeitpunkt, wo IgA entdeckt wurde, war bei einem pramaturen Embryo, der 41 cm lang war und 1680 g wog. In den Seren von am Termin geborenen Kindern konnte IgA in 37% nachgewiesen werden. IgG wurde in allen untersuchten Seren gefunden.
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a formal characterization of the set of valid equations between regular expressions and show that the star height of a regular language is the least integer i such that, for some regular expression a, a, L = |a| and α equals i, and the construction of the sequence of languages L 1 is possible whenever the alphabet contains at least two letters.
Abstract: This chapter presents the algebra of regular expressions. The star operator (*) is fundamental in the theory of finite deterministic automata. to the chapter presents a formal characterization of the set of valid equations between regular expressions. The star height of a regular language L , in symbols sh ( L ), is the least integer i such that, for some regular expression a, L = |a| and the star height of α equals i . As any finite language that does not contain the empty word has star height 0 and the construction of the sequence of languages L 1 is possible whenever the alphabet contains at least two letters. The n -dimensional row vectors Y and n × n matrices Z whose elements are languages are also elaborated in the chapter.
TL;DR: An improved technique has been developed for the separation and isolation of plasma lipoproteins with zonal Ultracentrifugation using a MSE type B-XV titanium rotor.
Abstract: An improved technique has been developed for the separation and isolation of plasma lipoproteins with zonal Ultracentrifugation. The lipoproteins of 25 ml plasma were fractionated by flotation in a MSE type B-XV titanium rotor at 120,000 X g for 18 hours using a NaCl-KBr density gradient from d = 1.005 to d = 1.23. Very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins were separated from each other and from the other plasma proteins, and the high density lipoproteins were divided into two subfractions.
TL;DR: Hemagglutinin of vesicular stomatitis virus was prepared in suspension culture of BHK21/13 S cells maintained in a medium containing 0.4% bovine albumin and no serum and remained fairly stable.
Abstract: Hemagglutinin of vesicular stomatitis virus was prepared in suspension culture of BHK21/13 S cells maintained in a medium containing 0.4% bovine albumin and no serum. Optimal conditions for titration of VSV hemagglutinin included a low temperature, pH 5.8 and the use of goose erythrocytes. The hemagglutination pattern, once fully developed, remained fairly stable. Hemagglutinin was completely inactivated in one minute at 56°C; at 35°C it was stable for several days at pH 9.0. In density gradient centrifugation the peak HA activity was found in fractions of 1.22 to 1.24 g/ml, in which virions were also demonstrated by electron microscopy. Nonspecific inhibitors, present in high titers in normal rabbit serum, were removed by modified kaolin treatment. Specific HI titers in hyperimmune rabbit serum were low but increased slightly with ether- or fluoro-carbon-treated hemagglutinins and with a concentrated hemagglutinin.
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: Treatment with Bisolvon produced an alteration of the synthesis of acid mucosubstances, as a result of which the secretory material in the tracheal mucosa consisted largely of neutral periodate reactive material, with depletion of acid residues.
Abstract: Histochemical staining reactions were used to evaluate the effect of N-cyclohexyl-N-methyl-(2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)-ammonium-chloride (Bisolvon®) on the secretory pattern of mucosubstances in the guinea pig's tracheobronchial and duodenal mucosa and submaxillary salivary gland. Treatment with Bisolvon produced an alteration of the synthesis of acid mucosubstances, as a result of which the secretory material in the tracheal mucosa consisted largely of neutral periodate reactive material, with depletion of acid residues. Larger doses of Bisolvon caused a significant decrease in the total number of goblet cells with secretory material in the trachea, and especially in the number of goblet cells containing sulphated mucosubstances. This does not imply any decrease in the amount of the secretion; on the contrary, it may be due to increased mobilization of the secretory products from the cells. The histochemical tests failed to demonstrate any changes in the secretion pattern of the submaxillary salivary glands or duodenal goblet cells.
TL;DR: The difference between the mode of dose dependence of crossing- over in the two genotypes investigated can be explained on the basis of the hypothesis of Bateman and Chandley that synapsis of chromosomes is disrrupted by irradiation which thus interferes with meiotic crossing-over, and that the extent of the disruption, beginning at the distal end, is proportional to dose.
Abstract: In order to test the influence of the proximal heterochromatin upon the induction of recombination in an adjacent euchromatic region, crossing-over experiments were carried out simultaneously with two types of Drosphila melanogaster female irradiated with X-ray doses ranging from 1 to 6 kR. Females of one of the genotypes (designated “N”) were heterozygous for a series of 3rd chromosome marker genes, including st, in, and ri, but otherwise had normal chromosomes. Females of another type (designated “T”) were homozygous for a translocation, T(2:3)spy, and heterozygous for the same three markers. This translocation was used to relocate the markers in respect to the heterochromatin. The frequency of the st-in recombinants in the progeny from eggs laid by the “N” females 5–12 days after irradiation increased proportionally to the dose. The “T” females also showed an increase in the frequency of crossing-over after irradiation, but the effect was maximal after 3 kR and was then progressively decreased after 4 and 6 kR. When the frequency of exchange attributable to the treatment was calculated on the assumption that the crossing-over induction took place independently of meiotic crossing-over, the effect was the same in the two genotypes at 1 and 3 kR. This indicates that the proximity of the heterochromatin had no influence on the frequency at which an exchange was induced by X-rays in normal chromosomes. Evidence was also found for suggesting that the frequency of induced recombination is a mere function of the number of salivary chromosome bands between gene loci, and hence that there is no hypersensitivity of heterochromatin. The difference between the mode of dose dependence of crossing-over in the two genotypes investigated can be explained on the basis of the hypothesis of Bateman and Chandley that synapsis of chromosomes is disrrupted by irradiation which thus interferes with meiotic crossing-over, and that the extent of the disruption, beginning at the distal end, is proportional to dose.
TL;DR: Lacey's model associating heart rate deceleration with attention and acceleration with mental activity was tested and the hypotheses were supported by the data excluding the last trials.
Abstract: Niemela, P. Heart rate responses during anticipation of an electric shock of variable probability. Scand. J. Psychol., 1969, 10, 232-242.—Lacey's model associating heart rate deceleration with attention and acceleration with mental activity was tested. Subject concentrated on a figure indicating probability of receiving an electric shock after 20 seconds. Deceleration was predicted when shock positively would or would not come. Acceleration followed by deceleration was predicted for subjects anticipating 0.50 probability of shock since the beginning of anticipation would demand assessment of the situation. The hypotheses were supported by the data excluding the last trials. Electrodermal reactivity was linearly related to shock probability.