Showing papers by "University of Western Australia published in 1969"
TL;DR: In this article, a method of calculating the fraction of incident solar radiation which is productively used in solar stills is presented, and the number of variables which can influence this make it necessary to standarize on set values of glass thickness and extinction coefficent and liner reflectance.
512 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a finite difference approach is used to simulate heat flow to and from the soil and the results of the simulation indicate that water depth has little effect on productivity; insulation will improve this at shallow water depths; higher wind velocities and ambient temperatures increase output by a small amount; double glass covers considerably reduce output and, from an economical point of view, both double glass cover and high cover slopes are not justifiable; and that the effect on still performance of some changes can be predicted by considering the effect of water temperature and water-glass temperature difference.
171 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that transferrin actually penetrates into the interior of the cell.
Abstract: THE first step in the transfer of iron from the plasma iron-carrying protein, transferrin, to reticulocytes and probably to other erythropoietic cells, is the binding of transferrin to the cells1,2. After release, the iron from transferrin enters the haem synthesis pathway, while the transferrin is released from the cell. The transferrin binding occurs in two stages, an initial rapid, temperature insensitive stage, probably adsorption to the cell membrane, and a slower temperature dependent stage which results in a firmer union of the transferrin to the cell3. Little is known about the nature or the site of transferrin binding to reticulocytes. We report here that transferrin actually penetrates into the interior of the cell.
154 citations
TL;DR: The authors showed that the usual methods of combining observations to give interpoint distance estimates based on interstimulus differences lead to a distortion of the stimulus configuration unless all individuals in a group perceive the stimuli in perceptual spaces which are essentially the same.
Abstract: The usual methods of combining observations to give interpoint distance estimates based on interstimulus differences are shown to lead to a distortion of the stimulus configuration unless all individuals in a group perceive the stimuli in perceptual spaces which are essentially the same. The nature of the expected distortion is shown, and a method of combining individual distance estimates which produces only a linear deformation of the stimulus configuration is given.
139 citations
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an electron microscope investigation of slightly reduced rutile (TiOx x= 1·986, 1·94) suggests the existence of a new family of ordered phases, probably TinO 2n-1 (n=15,∼36), derived from rutiles by crystallographic shear on planes parallel to {132}.
Abstract: An electron microscope investigation of slightly reduced rutile (TiOx x= 1·986, 1·94) suggests the existence of a new family of ordered phases, probably TinO 2n-1 (n=15,…∼36), derived from rutile by crystallographic shear on planes parallel to {132}. Still smaller degrees of reduction (x= 1·995) introduce disordered shear planes parallel to {132} and {101}. Some comments on the mechanism of reduction are also included.
91 citations
TL;DR: The onset of inhibition by all the inhibitors studied was immediate, but the effects of iodoacetamide, N -ethylmaleimide, PCMB and PCMBS were largely prevented by prior addition of cysteine in 1–4 times the molar concentration of inhibitor.
82 citations
TL;DR: The conclusion is drawn that the genetic specification of haemoglobins in legume root nodules is a property of the plant.
77 citations
TL;DR: It was found that the tricylic antidepressant added to the deleterious effects of alcohol.
Abstract: Three motor-skill tests related to driving ability were given to 21 healthy young volunteers after administration of various combinations of amitriptyline, placebo, and alcohol. It was found that the tricylic antidepressant added to the deleterious effects of alcohol.
71 citations
TL;DR: The sites of transferrin synthesis and the factors affecting synthesis were investigated in the rat by measuring the incorporation of 14C-leucine into transferrin, albumin, and γG-globulin precipitated with specific antisera as discussed by the authors.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this article, single crystal X-ray analyses of the structure of potassium ferricyanide at ca. 300 and 95$^\circ$ K are reported, showing a small tetragonal elongation of the molecule along Fe-CN bonds lying nearly perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis.
Abstract: Single crystal X-ray analyses of the structure of potassium ferricyanide at ca. 300 and 95$^\circ$ K are reported. Least-squares refinements within the monoclinic space group, P2$\_1$/c, have converged with the residuals R$^{300^{\circ K}}$ = 0$\cdot$092 and R$^{95^{\circ K}}$ = 0$\cdot$077. The unit cell dimensions at 300 $^\circ$K are: a = 7$\cdot$06, b = 10$\cdot$38, c = 8$\cdot$40 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm A}$, $\beta$ = 107$\cdot$0$^\circ$, and at 95 $^\circ$K are: a = 7$\cdot$03, b = 10$\cdot$31, c = 8$\cdot$35 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm A}$, $\beta$ = 107$\cdot$2$^\circ$. The coordination octahedra are only slightly distorted, both analyses independently revealing a small tetragonal elongation of the molecule along Fe-CN bonds lying nearly perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis. The principal crystal paramagnetic susceptibilities are characterized by an essentially unique, and lower, moment parallel to the c axis. These two observations are to be reconciled only in relation to the role of second-nearest neighbour effects of either antiferromagnetic or crystal-field character. Exchange is ruled out by earlier e.s.r. work and the present susceptibility dilution experiments. The crystal anisotropy appears to be dominated by the coulombic field set up by adjacent potassium ions in the lattice. While all potassium ions in the structure will play some role in this second-order perturbation, those forming 'chains' with the octahedra parallel to the c axis are likely to be the more important. A simple crystal-field approach, using symmetry-adapted, zero-order wavefunctions on the iron atoms, has shown how the correct direction and relative magnitudes of the crystal magnetic anisotropies may be predicted by this model. The splitting of the ground $^2$T$\_{2g}$ term of the complex ion is estimated as 150 to 300 cm$^{-1}$.
TL;DR: It is now well known that regeneration occurs in skeletal muscle and the sequence of events has been studied extensively in the experimental animal both with the light and without.
Abstract: It is now well known that regeneration occurs in skeletal muscle and the sequence of events has been studied extensively in the experimental animal both with the light...
TL;DR: Data presented in this paper confirm the existence of multiple forms of tyrosine aminotransferase activity and indicate differential specificity of various inducers for the various forms.
TL;DR: In vivo bioassay demonstrated corticotropic activity in the pars distalis from two lizards, a turtle, and a crocodilian, suggesting that the amphobilic gamma cells previously identified as luteotropes may represent the corticotropes in reptiles.
TL;DR: It is important to correlate accurately the clinical and pathological features of cases of snakebite in man with the species of snake and the type of venom, which is usually referred to as their "neurotoxic" effect.
Abstract: As gaps in our knowledge of snakebite envenomation are lessened, it becomes increasingly evident that the composition and mode of action of. various snake venoms are highly characteristic of the species of snake. A broad division exists between the crotaline and viperine snakes of America and Europe and the elapine snakes of Australia, Africa and Asia. The crotaline and viperine snake venoms tend to cause severe reaction in the bitten limb and have a powerful toxic effect on the cardio-vascular system. The elapine venoms, on the other hand, produce little reaction in the bitten limb and kill their victim mainly by their ability to cause muscle paralysis, which is usually referred to as their \"neurotoxic\" effect. While there is a similarity in the clinical course after bites by different species of snake within these two broad groups, laboratory studies have shown marked variation in the constituent toxins and -enzvmea in their venoms and in the physiology of their action. It is therefore important to correlate accurately the clinical and pathological features of cases of snakebite in man with the species of snake and the type of venom.
TL;DR: In this paper, the decomposition of vanadium pentoxide at temperatures up to 400°C in vacuum has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and a number of new phases have been found.
TL;DR: Electron and light microscope studies indicated that the jaundice was caused by obstruction of the common bile duct at the duodenal end following denudation of the bileduct mucosa, and it was seen replicating in bile‐duct mucosal cells 6‐8 days after the initial virus inoculation.
TL;DR: A fluorescent antibody technique which permits rapid identification of legume nodule bacteroids and which permits the separation of bacteroid material and laboratory grown cultures of close serological affinity is described.
Abstract: Summary
A fluorescent antibody technique which permits rapid identification of legume nodule bacteroids and which permits the separation of bacteroid material and laboratory grown cultures of close serological affinity is described. Specificity of fluorescein isothiocyanate γ-globulin conjugates was increased with dilution. The ability of a medium sized clover nodule to produce sufficient bacteroid material for 20 fluorescent antibody stains allows increased accuracy and scope of the method. A single operator in 1 day may test > 400 nodules for one or more symbionts.
TL;DR: The uropygial gland secretion of the domestic turkey resembles that of the chicken in consisting mainly of a diester wax, and it is suggested that the chicken possesses two biosynthetic enzyme systems for the diols, the turkey only one.
TL;DR: An independent association of increasing age with increasing serum-insulin is evident at 50 years and over and provides strong support for the biological significance of serum-immunoreactive insulin.
Abstract: Serum-insulin levels were measured in 1770 subjects one hour after a 50 g glucose load. Multiple regression analyses reveal that a substantial proportion of the variability of log10 serum-insulin can be attributed to significant independent effect of blood-sugar, age, the food-interval, sex, parameters of body size, and scserum uric acid. Females have significantly higher levels of serum-insulin than males “One-hour” blood-sugar levels exceeding 160 nag/100 ml are associated with declining insulin levels. An independent association of increasing age with increasing serum-insulin is evident at 50 years and over. The findings provide strong support for the biological significance of serum-immunoreactive insulin.
TL;DR: It seems probable that Rhizobium was originally a free-living soil organism with the ability to produce nitrogenase, and this enzyme was the source of the nodular nitrogen enzyme, and the two partners became dependent on their symbiosis for the production of nitrogenase.
TL;DR: The lipids of the head and blubber oils of a sperm whale and of a giant squid removed from its stomach contained 84, 79 and 49 per cent wax esters, respectively, while the fatty acids and alcohols which were components of the squid lipids were also found in the whale lipids.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided different groups under three conditions: (a) physical size and distance variant, visual angle of the variable constant and equal to the standard, (b) physically size constant, physical distance and visual angle changing, and (c) physical distance constant, the visual angle and the physical size of variable changing.
Abstract: Magnitude estimations of the size and distance of a variable relative to a standard were obtained in the absence of distance cues. Estimates were provided by different groups under three conditions: (a) physical size and distance variant, visual angle of the variable constant and equal to the standard, (b) physical size constant, physical distance and visual angle of variable changing, and (c) physical distance constant, physical size and visual angle of the variable changing. The results in both experiments were very similar. In each case both size and distance estimates conformed to relative visual angle. The results are applied to an analysis of size-matches that are obtained when distance cues are eliminated.
TL;DR: It differed from the usual descriptions of chondroid syringoma by exhibiting cellular pleomorphism, mitoses and islands of tumour cells away from the main tumour mass.
TL;DR: An analytic solution to the linear field equations in a Boussinesq, exponentially stratified fluid when an internal wave is incident upon a vertical, partial barrier is given in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the equilibrium water vapour pressures over the magnesium perchlorate hydrate systems, from −20 °C to 200 °C, are presented and the associated thermochemistry is deduced.
TL;DR: Single unit recordings have been made from the primary auditory nerve of the lizard Trachysaurus rugosus, and a marked seasonal dependence on the number of active fibers correlated well with the increase of summating potential found to occur during early spring.
TL;DR: In this article, two levels of drive were combined factorially with two amounts of reward in a runway experiment involving four groups of 12 rats each, and after 18 acquisition trials all groups were shifted to the lower reward for 22 additional trials, with drive maintained at the preshift level.
Abstract: Two levels of drive were combined factorially with two amounts of reward in a runway experiment involving four groups of 12 rats each. After 18 acquisition trials all groups were shifted to the lower reward for 22 additional trials, with drive maintained at the preshift level A negative contrast effect was obtained only in the goal section at the higher level of drive. A replication of the two reward conditions at the higher level of drive confirmed the finding. The results are consonant with Spence’s emotional-motivational theory of contrast effects.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the internal waves that are produced in a stratified fluid having constant Brunt-Vaisala frequency by a cylinder which executes small vibrations at a lower frequency.
Abstract: The paper describes an investigation of the internal waves that are produced in a stratified fluid having constant Brunt—Vaisala frequency by a cylinder which executes small vibrations at a lower frequency. Explicit solutions are found for slender cylinders having arbitrary cross-sections. When the cross-sectional area of the cylinder varies with time it is found necessary in calculating the surface pressures and power output to take account of terms in the governing equations that are significant only at distances from the cylinder comparable to or larger than the scale height of the density variations. For this case a simple expression for the power output is obtained in terms of the rate of change of the cross-sectional area of the cylinder. When the vibrating cylinder is rigid its cross-sectional area is independent of time and then the expression for the power output is very similar to von Karman's expression for the drag of a body of revolution in supersonic flow. In both the above cases it is found that one quarter of the power is radiated in each of the four directions that are inclined at a particular angle to the horizontal.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the spreading factor of accreted droplets over a wide range of impact speeds and ice deposit temperatures for ambient temperatures of −11 and −22°C and droplet radii of 17 and 54μ.
Abstract: Measurements of the spreading factor of accreted droplets (the ratio of the final radius to the initial radius) have been determined over a wide range of impact speeds and ice deposit temperatures for ambient temperatures of −11 and −22°C and droplet radii of 17 and 54μ. The spreading factors vary from 2 to 6 and depend primarily on the impact speed and deposit temperature.