Showing papers by "Utsunomiya University published in 1983"

X-ray absorption spectroscopy of layer transition-metal disulfides

Abstract: We have measured the x-ray $K$ absorption spectra of $\mathrm{S}$ and the ${L}_{\mathrm{III}}$ absorption spectra of Nb and Mo in layer transition-metal disulfides (Ti${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, V${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, Zr${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, Nb${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, Mo${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, and Hf${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, using a Yohan-type curved-crystal spectrometer. These spectra reflect the electronic band structures of these materials very well and exhibit the large peak originating in the empty "$d$" bands and the broad peak originating in the "metal $\mathrm{sp}$" bands. In combination with the photoemission spectra and the band calculations, we obtain information on detailed band structures of both occupied and empty states, which were not inconsistent with the other experimental results, such as the reflectivity and the energy-loss spectra. We could also obtain information on band character, owing to the selection rules and the localization property of an x-ray spectrum. The results obtained suggest the strong covalency of these materials.

2-Deoxycastasterone, a New Brassinolide-related Bioactive Steroid from Pinus Pollen

Abstract: Since the discovery of brassinolide (1) from rape pollen1} a variety of novel brassinoliderelated plant growth regulators have been found from chestnut insect gall (compounds 52) and 83)), Dolichos lablab (2, 3, 6 and 7)4-6) phaseolus vulgaris (10 and ll),7) Brassica campestris (4, 8 and 9) and Thea sinensis (8 and 9).3) Our recent investigation led to the isolation of a new brassinoliderelated steroid (12) from pollen of Pinus Thubergii Parl. The Pinus pollen (19kg) was processed by the following procedure to afford crystals of 12 (1.7mg, prisms), mp 231~233°C: 1, iso-

Radish Yellow Edge Virus, a Seed-borne Virus with Double-stranded RNA, of a Possible New Group

Abstract: Radish yellow edge virus (RYEV) was purified from infected Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L.) by CsCl equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Virus particles banded with a buoyant density of about 1.37g/cm3 in CsCl. Purified RYEV preparations showed UV absorption spectrum characteristic of a nucleoprotein with Amax/Amin and A260/A280 ratios of about 1.10 and 1.39, respectively. Proteins from purified RYEV preparations, electrophoresed in SDS-polyacrylamide gels, migrated as two species with mol. wt. of about 63, 000 and 61, 000. RYEV nucleic acid was judged to be double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) from its resistance to RNase in high ionic strength conditions and from its reaction with an antiserum to poly (I): poly (C). In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, RYEV dsRNA was fractionated into three major classes with mol. wt. of approximately 1.30, 1.25, 1.21×106 and two minor ones of 1.14, 1.09×106. RYEV was not related serologically to turnip crinkle, turnip rosette, turnip mosaic and cucumber mosaic viruses which infect crucifers or to ten seed-borne viruses which resemble RYEV in particle morphology and biological aspects. It is highly likely that RYEV and several other seed-borne dsRNA viruses constitute a new group of plant viruses.

Structure-activity Relationship of Herbicidal 2,3-Dicyano-5-Substituted Pyrazines

Abstract: Sixty six 2,3-dicyano-5-substituted pyrazines were synthesized and their herbicidal activities against barnyard grass were measured in pot tests to clarify the relationship between chemical structure and activity. The activity of 59 derivatives was related parabolically to the hydrophobic substituent parameter at the 5-position of the pyrazine ring.

Separation and Structure of Methyl Methacrylate Telomers Synthesized in the Presence of Bromotrichloromethane

Abstract: Separation and Structure of Methyl Methacrylate Telomers Synthesized in the Presence of Bromotrichloromethane

How to discover new antibiotics for herbicidal use

Abstract: The findings of several microbial metabolites having herbicidal activities strongly suggested that microbial metabolites might be a promising source for new herbicidal substances. The current situation of the screening programs operated to find microbial metabolites having herbicidal activities was given.

Comparative Ecology of White and Japanese Wagtails, Motacilla alba and M. grandis, in Winter

Abstract: (1) The territoriality, pair duration, and feeding habits of two species of wagtails, Motacilla gandis and M. alba, were studied in winter along a river in Utsunomiya, central Honshu.(2) Territories of the two species overlapped each other to a great extent. In some cases the territorial boundaries of the two species nearly coincided with each other, but their activity centers tended to be located in different parts of the shared territory.(3) M. grandis lived mostly in pairs, whereas many individuals of M. alba lined singly. The boundaries of territories were distinct in M. grandis but often vague in M. alba.(4) M, grandis spent much more time on the river; M. alba sometimes went far away from the river. The greater dependence of M. grandis on the river was considered to be linked with the sharp defence of territory and stable pair duration.(5) The difference in feeding technique between the two species was small. However, there was a significant difference in the places preferred for ground feeding, the technique most often used by both species.

Method of scanning specifying magnetic field for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract: The disclosed method of scanning a specifying magnetic field for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging comprises steps of generating the specifying magnetic field by synthesis of a static magnetic field and a magnetic field produced by a group of magnetomotive forces, and moving the center of the specifying magnetic field by superposing a scanning magnetic field from a scanner coil in a certain direction of the magnetic field of the group of magnetomotive forces.

Characteristics pf pitch period and amplitude perturbations in pathologic voice

Abstract: Perturbations in the sequences of pitch periods and amplitudes of the signals picked up by a throat contact microphone are investigated for the purpose of the detection of laryngeal pathology with special emphasis on the detection of cancer of the vocal folds. The subjects consist of 101 patients with various laryngeal pathologies, including 42 patients with cancer of the vocal folds, and 39 normal speakers for control purposes. The data are statistically analyzed with two acoustic measures: Koike's quotient[3] and a novel index which is derived from reflection coefficients obtained by the maximum entropy method for spectral estimation of the sequences. It is shown that when the TNM classification of UICC is employed to describe the physiological status of the larynx of patients with cancer of the vocal folds, the T2-T4 cancers can reliably be detected with each of the two measures.

Relationship between x-ray spectra from some metal chlorides and their ionicity

Abstract: The $K\ensuremath{\beta}$-emission and $K$-absorption spectra of chlorine in CsCl, Ba${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$, La${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$, and Ce${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ have been reported. From an analysis of these data and those for other metal chlorides reported previously, it is found that the energy of a prominent peak of the Cl $K$-absorption spectrum measured relative to the bottom of the conduction band as well as the halfwidth of the $K{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{1}$ band, and the peak separation between the $K{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{1}$ band and its subband $K{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{x}$ are correlated to the amounts of ionic character of the bond of these chlorides. The $K$- and ${L}_{3}$-absorption spectra of chlorine in CsCl have been discussed on the basis of the energy band-structure calculation by Donato et al. The band gaps estimated from the x-ray spectra are compared with those obtained from the optical spectra.

Difference in the Number of Days for Ripening of Grains between Japonica and Indica Rice Varieties

Abstract: Number of days from heading to harvest of indica rice in the tropics is considerably less than that of japonica in Japan. The present study revealed that such a difference is due to the former rice having genetically less days required for ripening of grains than the latter. Photosynthetic activity , total nitrogen and soluble protein contents in the flag leaves of indica also declined more rapidly than japonica . Since short ripening period may be unfavorable for grain production , prolonging it by breeding or improving cultivation techniques may be one of the methods for increasing yield of indica rice . Indica rice grown in the tropics is usually harvested at about 30 days after heading , while in the case of japonica rice in Japan it is 40 days or more. According to the reports so far published, it is not necessarily clear whether this difference in the ripening period of grains is due to the high temperature in the tropics or inherent varietal characteristics of both types of rice. Since existing conditions of low grain yield of rice prevailing in the tropics might be partially attributed to the short duration of ripening, a series of experiments were conducted since 1976 in order to know whether such a difference is based on the genetic trait or not . In this report some of the results obtained in 1979 and 1980 will be presented . Materials and Methods (1) Varieties tested and cultivation of plants Varieties tested in Experiment I (1979) and 11 (1980) are shown together in Table 1. Grains of all varieties ware harvested in the farm of Utsunomiya Univerity, some of the indica varieties having received short day treatment . Test plants were transplanted into 1/5000a pots about 30 days after sowing in the nursery bed at the end of April or early May and grown by the usual cultivation method. As some of indica varieties can not initiate flower primordia normally under the natural day length here, all varieties including those which can do so even under natural conditions were given short day treatment, day length of 9 hrs., for 20 days during active tillering stage , in order to make the growing conditions as equal as possible. However, in Experiment II , among 14 varieties, Toyonishski, Akihikari (japonica) and Boro 8, T 136 (indica) were not given the short day treatment, but they flowered under the natural day length. (2) Determination of number of days for ripening of grains Number of days for ripening of grains, that is, days from fertilization to the time when grain weight can be regarded to have reached the highest value, was determined as follows . The heading date of the individual panicles was labelled. Approximately 100 spikelets on the second rachis-branch from the top of the panicle were collected at intervals of a few days and the dry weight was determined , starting from 2 days after heading because fertilization of these spikelets takes place on an average 2 days after headings5, 7), From the curve of grain weight on the number of days after fertilization , the d ays from fertilization to a ceiling in grain weight was regarded as the number of days for ripening of grains. These determinations were done under natural Received 6 July 1982. Part of this research was supported by the Special Research Project Fund of the Ministry of Education .

Structure-activity Relationships of Herbicidal 5-Ethylamino- and 5-Propylamino-2, 3-Dicyanopyrazines

Abstract: Sixty-eight 6-substituted 5-ethylamino- and 5-propylamino-2,3-dicyanopyrazines were synthesized and their herbicidal activities against barnyard grass were measured in pot tests. The most active compound was 2,3-dicyano-5-propylamino-6-(m-chloro phenyl)pyrazine. The activities of the two series of compounds were analyzed quantitatively using the hydrophobic and steric parameters of substituents at the 6-position of the pyrazine ring and an indicator variable.

Phytotoxic Activity of N-Phenylsulfonylbenzamides

Abstract: Many N-phenylsulfonylbenzamides were synthesized, and their biological activities were tested. Some of these compounds showed a high phytotoxic activity against barnyardgrass with no significant effect on rice plants at their germination stage. In particular, both N-allyl-2-chloro-N- phenylsulfonylbenzamide and N-allyl-2,4-dichloro-N-phenylsulfonylbenzamide were the most active and a herbicidal test of these two compounds was done in paddy field conditions.

Light-beam trajectory propagating in a parabolic-index fiber with random radial dielectric-constant gradient

Abstract: The trajectory of a light beam is investigated by using the autocorrelation function of the random fluctuations of the radial dielectric-constant gradient ∊2(z) in a parabolic-index fiber. In the limiting case, the influences of ∊2(z) on the beam trajectory are discussed using an approximation.

Lake water mixing and tritium balance on lake chuzenji

Abstract: Both mixing processes in a fresh-water lake and residence time of groundwater in its drainage basin have been made clear by using environmental tritium as a tracer on Lake Chuzenji. The lake covers an area of 11.97 km2 at an altitude of 1, 269m, having a large drainage basin of about 119.68 km2. The mean depth is 95m and the maximum 172m. A field survey was carried out from July 29 to August 3, 1978. Water samples for tritium analysis were collected at eleven stations, as shown in Figure 1. The sampling of lake water was made every 20m vertically. Temperature, ply, and electrical conductivity of the water were determined on the spot. The values obtained are indicated in Figure 2. Tritium concen-trations of lake water are shown in Figure 3 and those of stream water and groundwater in Figure 4. The mean tritium concentration of lake water was 34.7 TU, and a significant variation was not found throughout the all vertical profiles of the stations. Concerning the vertical profiles of tritium concentration in lake water, the lake water would be well mixed at least vertically. The tritium concentration of Shirakumo Falls, 37.8TU, showed nearly the same value to the lake, which shows that the Falls would be poured out as the seepage of the lake. Spring water from elevator shaft, which was drilled near Kegon Falls for the sight-seeing of the Falls, showed 33.3 TU. This figure was also the same as that of the lake. Those of spring water in Jigoku-zawa and of the well near the lake shore were 21.5 and 26.9 TU, respectively, showing lower than the lake water. This fact seems to reflect the influence of recent precipitation. Yukawa River, 37.9 TU, showed higher tritium concentration than both precipitation and the stream water flowing into Senjuga-hama. The annual water balance of the lake was calculated in the period from 1952 to 1977 (Table 3). Meteorological data at the Chugushi Meteorological Station were used as basic data in the calculation, and evapotranspiration from the drainage basin and evaporation from the lake were calculated by Penman's method. The tritium concentrations of precipitation in Tokyo and Tsukuba from 1952 to 1977 were used to estimate the mean tritium concen-tration of the lake water. The calculation was carried out on the assumption that lake water is completely mixed every year. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The mean inflow to the lake is about 1.92×108m3•yr-1, that is, 6.09m3•sec-1, and the mean residence time of the lake water is determined to be about 5.9 years. In spite of the huge volume of lake water, the mean residence time is shorter than expected, because the area of drainage basin is about ten times as large as that of the lake. 2. The discharge from the lake depends upon groundwater outflow which is about 4.76m3•sec-1 and 79% of the total outflow. The propotions of evaporation and surface outflow are about 4% and 17%, respectively. 3. The vertical profile of tritium concentration in lake water and the result of the simula-tion of tritium balance support that the lake water would be well mixed in a year. 4. As a component of precipitation on the drainage basin, groundwater flow into the lake takes an average time of less than 4 years.

Cracking and fracture of matrix structure and carbide particles produced by the grinding process

Abstract: WA, CBN and diamond grinding wheels have been used in an experimental investigation of surface integrity of ground steel. The importance of grinding force, temperature, and grit sharpness is emphasised

Studies on the Mechanisms of Changes in Contents of Inorganic Cations in Crude Cell Wall Preparation and of Increase of Hot Water Soluble Pectin during Salting of Radish Root

Abstract: 大根の塩蔵中における粗細胞壁と熱水可溶性ペクチン中のナトリウム,カリウム,カルシウム,マグネシウム含量について検討し,塩蔵によるカリウム,カルシウム,マグネシウム溶出の機構と熱水可溶性ペクチンの増加の機構について考察した。(1) 大根粗細胞壁のナトリウム,カリウム,カルシウム,マグネシウムの含量はそれぞれ521, 424, 750, 185mg/100gであったが,塩蔵10日目には,ナトリウムが約2.4倍に増加し,他はそれぞれ約67%,約33%,約21%に減少していた。(Table 1)(2) 塩化ナトリウム濃度が8～24%の塩化ナトリウム溶液で塩蔵した大根粗細胞のナトリウムの増加とカリウム,カルシウム,マグネシウムの減少の間には逆相関関係が認められた。以上の結果(1, 2)から大根の塩蔵中に粗細胞壁から溶出するカリウム,カルシウム,マグネシウムは塩化ナトリウムの浸透に大きく依存すると考えた。(3) 熱水可溶性ペクチン中のナトリウム,カリウム,カルシウム,マグネシウムはそれぞれ1483, 1472, 31,35mg/100gであり,粗細胞壁中の含量と比べてナトリウムとカリウムがきわめて多かった。(Table 5)塩蔵によって熱水可溶性ペクチンが増加するのに伴い,その中に含まれるナトリウムが急増し,カリウムは急減したけれどもカルシウムとマグネシウムは粗細胞壁中の含量が塩蔵によって減少する(Table 1, 2)のにもかかわらず,ほとんど変動しなかった(Table 5)。このことは,熱水可溶性ペクチン中のカルシウムやマグネシウムとペクチンを熱水に不溶化しているそれらの多価陽イオンの間には結合の形などの差のあることを示していると思われる。これらのことから,塩蔵による粗細胞壁のカルシウムやマグネシウムの溶出に依存するヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンから熱水可溶性ペクチンへの移行は,ヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンに結合しているカルシウムやマグネシウムが塩化ナトリウムのナトリウムとおきかわることに理由があると推察した。