Showing papers in "Accident Analysis & Prevention in 2000"

TL;DR: The model illustrated the significance of the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), degree of horizontal curvature, lane, shoulder and median widths, urban/rural, and the section's length, on the frequency of accident occurrence.

TL;DR: Results of the study showed that pedestrian injury rates were related to traffic flow, population density, age composition of the local population, unemployment, gender and education, and availability of alcohol through bars.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the structure of the safety climate among Finnish workers is quite stable and the correlation between the safetyClimate and the safety of the work environment was stronger than in previous studies.

TL;DR: The results suggest that countermeasures that limit drivers' work hours and enable drivers to get adequate rest and that identify drivers with sleep disorders are appropriate methods to reduce sleepiness-related driving by truck drivers.

TL;DR: To reduce the severity of crashes involving elderly drivers, strategies could target specific factors such as head-on collisions, single-vehicle collisions, and traffic controls at intersections, which are significantly related to the increased risk of fatal-injury in crashes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between the prevalence and concentration of drugs and the culpability of the driver using an objective method for assessing culpability, and found a significant concentration-dependent relationship between alcohol and culpability: as blood alcohol concentration increased, so did the percentage of culpable drivers.

TL;DR: This paper points out that this long-term trend in alcohol-related fatal crashes in the United States is the result of the growing impact of several laws over time plus the affect of some factors not included in the model tested (such as the increasing use of sobriety checkpoints and the media's attention to the drinking-and-driving problem).

TL;DR: The results show a pattern of difficulty in high-risk driving situations among those with decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, even after adjustments for age, gender, weekly mileage, and cognitive impairment.

TL;DR: The Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire was included as part of a questionnaire survey of 1989 drivers aged 50 or over and the original three-way distinction was preserved, however the pattern of relationships between factor scores and accident involvement was different.

TL;DR: The results show that traffic intensity explains differences in crash rates even when controlling for time of day and light conditions, and that these effects are quite different for single and multi-vehicle crashes.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the reform of the age limit for practising car driving in Sweden has been beneficial for the safety of novice drivers and suggests a potential for additional safety improvements if more young learner drivers can be brought to utilise the low age limit.

TL;DR: The study showed that details in the design are of decisive importance for road-users' safety and that the roundabouts in a Swedish city worked almost as good as they did shortly after the rebuilding.

TL;DR: The occurrence of motor vehicle accidents was studied prospectively in a sample of 500 drivers and it was demonstrated that crashes could be predicted from a combination of pre-existing characterological, situational, and behavioral risk factors, and that these risk factors largely explained sex and age differences in accident rates.

TL;DR: Estimates of how much road accidents cost the national economy, stated as a percentage of the gross national product (GNP), were presented from easily accessible sources for twelve countries.

TL;DR: There was a 9% reduction in the fatal and injury crash involvement rate in Florida during 1997, the first full year of graduated licensing, compared with 1995 and reductions were not seen among Alabama teenagers nor among 18 year-olds in Florida.

TL;DR: This paper is a review of Volvo's Whiplash Protection Study (WHIPS), which is the result of more than ten years of concentrated research efforts in the area of neck injuries in car collisions, with the focus on rear end car impacts.

TL;DR: The identification of factors associated with the risk of being involved in a highway traffic accident allows us to propose primary prevention measures for this important public health problem.

TL;DR: Blood samples from 2,500 injured drivers were analysed for alcohol, cannabinnoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants, and a similar proportion of car drivers and motorcycle riders tested positive for drugs, although riders were more likely to test positive for THC.

TL;DR: Analysis of the effects of the use of data recorders in experimental vehicle fleets resulted in an average estimated accident reduction of some 20%, and shows that the actual savings vary depending on the transport sector involved and on the prior level of the fleet's safety record.

TL;DR: Three experiments are presented in which the accuracy of different methods to approximate time-to-line crossing is assessed and it was found that prior to crossing thelane boundary, the simple approximation resulted in more accurate estimation of available time before the lane boundary is exceeded compared to the more complex approximation.

TL;DR: Findings indicated that a road trauma film led to less reported intentions of reckless driving, but to higher driving speed than a neutral film.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the helmet law has been an effective road safety intervention that has lead to a 19% (90% CI: 14, 23%) reduction in head injury to cyclists over its first 3 years.

TL;DR: Falls among older people are a priority issue for accident analysis because they are relatively common, carry a significant burden of morbidity and mortality, affect lifestyle choices, are a high cost to the community, and are potentially preventable.

TL;DR: Women in the United States would benefit greatly from international harmonization to European head restraint standards and both women and men should be encouraged to adjust their adjustable head restraints behind their heads' centers of gravity and to sit with the backs of their heads as close as possible to their head restraints.

TL;DR: A review of a few Swedish research projects on soft tissue neck injuries in car collisions is presented and a new crash dummy and a neck injury criterion will be very important components in a future rear-impact crash test procedure.

TL;DR: In this paper, a case control study design was used to determine the risk factors for severe injuries associated with falls from playground equipment and the median depth of impact absorbing undersurface for both case and control injuries was 3 cm.

TL;DR: The study contrasts traffic-accident risks from several points of view and risk statistics to clarify the traffic risks in the two countries and confirm their potential for explaining cross-national differences in risk perceptions.

TL;DR: It is concluded that traffic violations in juveniles should primarily be viewed within the scope of normal behaviour and do not necessarily imply serious personality disorder.

TL;DR: Results showed that NIC and pressure amplitudes of the CSF correlate well and therefore NIC seems to be able to predict these amplitudes also for human beings.

TL;DR: Although the study findings support the view that the regulation of drink driving behaviour amongst young people is likely to contribute to a reduction in traffic accidents, to be fully effective attempts at regulation of Drink driving also need to be accompanied by a similar level of investment in regulating other aspects of risky or illegal driving behaviour among young people.