Showing papers in "Advances in Space Research in 1989"

TL;DR: In this paper, a new method is developed for the global assessment of the contribution of biomass burning to climate change (trace gases and particulates emission) based directly on remote sensing of the emitted products - particulates.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relation between the mass of a cometary nucleus, its gas production curve, the mean outflow velocity, and the nongravitational delay of the comet is discussed, emphasizing the properties of gaseous outflow from comet Halley.

TL;DR: In this article, the relation between remotely sensed spectral vegetation indices and thermal IR measurements is studied, and the authors evaluate land surface evapotranspiration based on this relationship and find a strong correlation between the spectral vegetation index and surface temperature and this relation covaries with surface moisture conditions.

TL;DR: The experiments carried out prove that the closed ecosystem of "man-plants" is a prototype of a life-support system for long-term space expeditions.

TL;DR: An evaluation of the exposure of space travelers to galactic cosmic radiation outside the earth's magnetosphere is made by calculating fluences of high-energy primary and secondary particles with various charges traversing a sphere of area 100 microns2, highlighting the importance of studying single high-Z particle effects both on cells which might be "at risk" for cancer induction and on critical neural cells or networks whichmight be vulnerable to inactivation by heavy charged particle tracks.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of snow porosity, grain size and shape and snow wetness are studied in detail and compared to model calculations, and battery-powered dielectric devices for snow wading measurements in the field have been developed.

TL;DR: The cryptoendolithic microbial community in the Ross Desert (McMurdo Dry Valleys) of Antarctica exists at temperatures significantly below the temperature optima of the primary producers, so further deterioration in the environment results in cell damage and death.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between soil color notation using Munsell charts and soil spectral properties is applied to Landsat TM data, which allows the mapping of the soil surface types.

TL;DR: In this article, the variability in high-speed stream parameters is attributed to the supergranulation cells preserved in the outflowing solar wind, and the possibility is discussed that the variability is due to spatial structures which are remnants of the underlying coronal structures.

TL;DR: In this article, a contour map of power in the 0.3-0.5 microHz frequency range is presented for various solar latitudes for each phase of the sunspot cycle.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theoretical interpretation of the observed linear relationships between surface reflectance and temperature, which have been obtained with field measurements over not-homogeneous surface types.

TL;DR: A new calculation of aluminum equivalents of potential spacecraft shielding materials demonstrates the importance of low-atomic-mass species for protection from galactic cosmic radiation.

TL;DR: These results suggest a formation scheme in which interstellar compounds were incorporated into the parent body and subsequently converted to the present suite of meteorite organics by the hydrothermal process believed to have formed the clay minerals of the meteorite matrix.

TL;DR: In this article, the global system of electrical currents driven by the ion pressure can be calculated using Euler potentials for the divergenceless current density, with the assumption of isotropic pressure and magnetostatic, nonconvective pressure balance.

TL;DR: In this article, a long-term program of microwave-signature studies at the alpine test site, Weissfluhjoch (2550m altitude), was completed in 1987, where passive microwave data at frequencies between 5 and 100 GHz backscatter data at 10 GHz were collected together with dielectric and structural properties as well as classical snow data.

TL;DR: Results indicate that an increase in the percentage of absorbed photons is responsible for most of the improvement in wheat yields in an optimal controlled environment and seeks to improve efficiency at intermediate PPF levels (1000 micromoles m-2 s-1) before further exploring potential productivity.

TL;DR: The Gravity-Probe-B relativity gyroscope experiment (GP-B) as discussed by the authors measured the geodetic and frame-dragging precession rates of gyroscopes in a 650 km high polar orbit about the earth.

TL;DR: The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) as discussed by the authors uses satellite estimates of area-averaged precipitation on a 2.5¼ global grid using IR and microwave data, together with station observations.

TL;DR: Results indicate quantitative and qualitative differences in the chromosomal lesions induced by low- and high-LET radiations.

TL;DR: The data appear to indicate that biological nitrogen fixation could have occurred on primordial Mars (pN2=18 mb), making it possible for a biotic system to have played a role in the Martian nitrogen cycle.

TL;DR: In this article, the current state of knowledge of microwave response to dry and wet snow is discussed, and the effects of various snow, soil, and atmospheric parameters to the observed antenna temperature are reviewed.

TL;DR: The first direct measurements of mass spectra of comet Halley's dust envelope particles with masses higher than 10 -17 g were carried out by the spacecrafts VEGA-1/VEGA-2 as mentioned in this paper, which showed that unindentified peaks in this spectra could be associated with very small particles.

TL;DR: Results indicate that it is doubtful that the presence of H2O2 alone on Mars would make the surface "self-sterilizing", and that certain soil bacteria survive and grow to stationary phase in 30,000 ppm H2 O2, however, the total number of organisms decreases in the absence of H1O2.

TL;DR: A dosimetry-radiometry system has been developed at the Space Research Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Science to measure the fluxes and dose rates on the flight of the second Bulgarian cosmonaut.

TL;DR: The theory of the modulation of galactic cosmic rays by the solar wind is reviewed in this paper, where the basic transport equation is presented, interpreted and then applied to cosmic-ray transport in a model heliosphere immersed in a constant uniform bath of galactic rays.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the field parameters of Pioneer and Voyager with the Parker Model including the spiral angle, the north-south field component and the magnitude of the magnetic field.

TL;DR: In this paper, the detection of polymeric organic compounds in the mass spectrum of Comet Halley obtained with the Positive Ion Cluster Composition analyzer on Giotto is examined, and it is suggested that polymerized hydrogen cyanide may be a source for the observed CN and NH2 jets.

TL;DR: A new event-oriented solar proton prediction model has been developed and implemented at the USAF Space Environment forecast facility and converts the predicted solar particle flux into an expected radiation dose that might be experienced by an astronaut during EVA activities or inside the space shuttle.

TL;DR: This study found that most of the nitrogen in the waste feed can be retained in solution as ammonia during oxidation at low supercritical temperatures and be subsequently used as a nitrogen source for plants in a CELSS while at the same time organic matter is almost completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.

TL;DR: The coded long pulse and alternating codes techniques are two recent developements which make optimum use of the transmitter power in many circumstances and an analogy is developed between these techniques and those used in pulse compression.