Showing papers in "African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development in 2020"
TL;DR: The advent of COVID-19 has disrupted all facets of human lives as mentioned in this paper and there is no effective viral therapy for the disease, thus necessitating research efforts toward providing solut...
Abstract: The advent of COVID-19 has disrupted all facets of human lives. As of September 2020, there is no effective viral therapy for the disease, thus necessitating research efforts toward providing solut...
43 citations
TL;DR: The ethanolic leaf extract was observed to show the highest antimicrobial activity when compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts, which could be due to its high antimicrobial effects on some pathogens like Klebsiella sp and E. coli.
Abstract: Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial analysis of Moringa oleifera leaf collected from Ogbomoso, Nigeria were carried out. The secondary metabolites in M. oleifera leaf were extracted by macera...
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, poverty alleviation has been positioned high on the international development agenda following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000. African countries init...
Abstract: Poverty alleviation has been positioned high on the international development agenda following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000. African countries init...
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, blockchain technology, born as a tool to support Bitcoins (the most popular and controversial cryptocurrency in the world) has set itself in a very short time as a disruptive technology able not on...
Abstract: Blockchain technology, born as a tool to support Bitcoins (the most popular and controversial cryptocurrency in the world) has set itself in a very short time as a disruptive technology able not on...
30 citations
TL;DR: Most people from rural and township areas in South Africa do not have skills in utilizing information and communication technology (ICT), particularly those who are not in education, employment or training.
Abstract: Most people from rural and township areas in South Africa do not have skills in utilizing information and communication technology (ICT), particularly those who are not in education, employment or
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical look at sub-regional governments intent on the implementation of science, technology and innovation across countries in the ECOWAS by focusing on three policy instruments (institutional framework, financing and diffusion and interaction) and how these instruments have led to building technological capability economies.
Abstract: As part of efforts to change the structure of economies in sub-Sahara Africa from agrarian dominated to a more diversified one that will add value to exports and create more job opportunities, countries in the region have intensified strategies through its regional bloc - the African Union (AU) with its eight sub-regional bodies. Such a feat is only plausible through a concerted approach targeted at achieving sustainable economic growth laden with higher output turnover. This paper therefore takes a critical look at sub-regional governments’ intent on the implementation of science, technology and innovation across countries in the ECOWAS by focusing on three policy instruments (institutional framework, financing and diffusion and interaction) and how these instruments have led to building technological capability economies. Empirical evidence gathered from secondary sources indicates among other things that sub-regional governments have invested in the establishment of public institutions to support STI. That notwithstanding existing technology-capability indicators illustrates the results are far from expectation. The paper further discusses the dilemmas sub-regional governments have had to deal with in the design and implementation of STI plans.
21 citations
TL;DR: The study recommends that the government should design policies aimed at improving farmers’ knowledge with regards to CSA, including early warning systems and programmes that enhance access to information, markets and credit.
Abstract: Using a multistage sampling technique, data were collected from 386 households in four districts of Zimbabwe to investigate current Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) technology combinations smallhold...
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified the drivers of households' fuel consumption for domestic consumption in Ghana and identified the determinants of energy consumption of households in Africa, particularly in Ghana.
Abstract: There are few studies on the determinants of energy consumption of households in Africa, particularly in Ghana. Thus, this study identifies the drivers of households’ fuel consumption for domestic ...
18 citations
TL;DR: Unemployment is a social problem that affects a large percentage of Nigerians directly and indirectly as discussed by the authors, it can lead to an increase in poverty in the country. Nigeria is a densely populated nation,...
Abstract: Unemployment is a social problem that affects a large percentage of Nigerians, directly and indirectly. It can lead to an increase in poverty in the country. Nigeria is a densely populated nation, ...
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, effective supply chain management practices can enhance competitiveness along the supply chain, and fuel supply chain competitiveness requires a reliable flow of product and customer satisfaction, which can be achieved through supply chain optimization.
Abstract: Effective supply chain management practices can enhance competitiveness along the supply chain. Fuel supply chain competitiveness requires a reliable flow of product and customer satisfaction. Comp...
14 citations
TL;DR: In the age of the digital revolution, websites are a critical component in establishing an online organizational presence as mentioned in this paper, and the main aim of this paper is to deliver a model that may provide guidelin...
Abstract: In the age of the digital revolution, websites are a critical component in establishing an online organizational presence. The main aim of this paper is to deliver a model that may provide guidelin...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify factors that constrain the adoption of clean energy sources by urban households in southeastern Nigeria, using the Solar Home Systems (SHS) as a case study.
Abstract: This study identifies factors that constrain the adoption of clean energy sources by urban households in southeastern Nigeria, using the Solar Home Systems (SHS) as a case study. It is premised on ...
TL;DR: In this article, the relevance of enhancing information and communication technology (ICT) on dynamics of total factor productivity (TFP) in 25 Sub-Saharan African countries using data covering the period 1980-2014 was investigated.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relevance of enhancing information and communication technology (ICT) on dynamics of total factor productivity (TFP) in 25 Sub-Saharan African countries using data covering the period 1980-2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. The following main findings are established. First, while enhancing ICT overwhelmingly has net positive effects on productivity, the corresponding marginal effects are negative. Second, anextended analysis is performed to establish thresholds for complementary policies. These thresholds are: 100 % mobile phone penetration for TFP; between 101.214 % and 101.419 % mobile phone penetration for welfare TFP and 15 % internet penetration for welfare real TFP. It follows that approximately 100% mobile penetration and 15% internet penetration are thresholds at which ICT should be complemented with other macroeconomic policies for favorable outcomes on productivity dynamics. Other policy implications are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how financial technology (Fintech) innovation has brought a dynamic change to the financial sector as new products and services are offered by conventional banks and other companies offering banking services.
Abstract: Financial technology (Fintech) innovation has brought a dynamic change to the financial sector as new products and services are offered by conventional banks and other companies offering banking se...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the linkages among sustainable development, entrepreneurship, and sustainable development lies at the heart of sustainable entrepreneurship and explore the links between sustainable development and entrepreneurship.
Abstract: Sustainable development lies at the heart of sustainable entrepreneurship. In the context of this view, the current paper explores the linkages among sustainable development, entrepreneurship, and ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a broader comprehension of the nature of the Triple Helix Model within the National System of Innovation (NSIN) is presented, and an exploration and explication of the model is carried out.
Abstract: This research aims at contributing to a broader comprehension of the nature of the Triple Helix Model within the National System of Innovation. The research hence undertakes an exploration and expl...
TL;DR: To ensure continual improvement in the construction industry's performance, its challenges must be identified so that integrated solutions that suit the context can be provided as discussed by the authors. But the Ethiopian construction industry is still in its infancy.
Abstract: To ensure continual improvement in the construction industry’s performance, its challenges must be identified so that integrated solutions that suit the context can be provided. The Ethiopian const...
TL;DR: In this paper, food insecurity is a prime difficulty in Ethiopia and food security policies and intervention mechanisms require empirical evidence on factors related to enhancement of food security, which is a challenge in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Food insecurity is a prime difficulty in Ethiopia. Food security policies and intervention mechanisms require empirical evidence on factors related to enhancement of food security. This study analy...
TL;DR: A framework that evaluates maintenance strategies for off-grid PV-powered street light systems; the framework considered STEEP (social, technical, economic, environmental and policy) requirements during maintenance activities and observed that risk-based and condition-based maintenance strategies are the least and most suitable strategies.
Abstract: Recently, the installation of street light systems in remote communities has experienced significant improvement. This improvement has a direct relationship with the innovations in off-grid standal...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors call for a better integration of place-based, evidence-based and inclusive dimensions in the implementation of the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) plans and industrial policies.
Abstract: This paper calls for a better integration of place-based, evidence-based and inclusive dimensions in the implementation of the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) plans and industrial policies...
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of rural infrastructure on production efficiency of food crop rural farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria was investigated, where a total of 160 farming households from 20 communities in Abeok State were studied.
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of rural infrastructure on production efficiency of food crop rural farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of 160 farming households from 20 communities in Abeok...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the traditional biomass energy and found that it is an energy-efficient and environmentally beneficial technology used as an alternative to biomass energy sources, and the objective of this study was to evaluate the traditional biogas energy.
Abstract: Biogas is an energy-efficient and environmentally beneficial technology used as an alternative to biomass energy sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the traditional biomass energy ...
TL;DR: In this paper, smallholder farming systems are highly diverse, owing to differences in farmers' resource endowments, levels of technology use, degree of market access and agro-ecological factors.
Abstract: Smallholder farming systems are highly diverse, owing to differences in farmers’ resource endowments, levels of technology use, degree of market access and agro-ecological factors. Consequently, th...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the impact of income diversification on household welfare in the context of climate and market failures and showed that it plays an important role in addressing the adverse effects of climate change.
Abstract: Income diversification plays an important role in addressing the adverse effects of climate and market failures. The study analyzes the impact of income diversification on household welfare. A two-...
TL;DR: In this paper, the full benefits of teaching and learning in the twenty-first century are still yet to be realized and clearly understood due to user experience data, and the benefits are not clearly understood.
Abstract: Technological advancement has revolutionized teaching and learning in the twenty-first century. However, the full benefits are yet to be realized and clearly understood due to user experience data ...
TL;DR: Social capital expresses the social relationship between people in an organization as discussed by the authors, and a good relationship between employers and employees can enhance commitment and productivity, and it also makes a posi...
Abstract: Social capital expresses the social relationship between people in an organization. A good relationship between employers and employees can enhance commitment and productivity. It also makes a posi...
TL;DR: In this paper, the building of innovative capacities has become essential in the objectives of development and economic growth and there has been a lot of literature on the construction and analysis of innovat...
Abstract: The building of innovative capacities has become essential in the objectives of development and economic growth. While there has been a lot of literature on the construction and analysis of innovat...
TL;DR: In this article, effective management of plant health is fundamental for food and income security to meet the growing demands of local and global markets, this however requires farmers’ adequate access to quality p...
Abstract: Effective management of plant health is fundamental for food and income security to meet the growing demands of local and global markets. This however requires farmers’ adequate access to quality p...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the factors that influence mobile banking adoption in a given region and found that the adoption of mobile banking technologies is best understood by studying the adoption factors.
Abstract: Challenges with the adoption of mobile banking technologies are best understood by studies on adoption. This however requires understanding the factors that influence its adoption in a given region...
TL;DR: In this paper, the marketing efficiency of Lake Victoria processed sardines using structure-performance and efficient-structure hypotheses and the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on marketing efficiency was tested.
Abstract: The paper tested the marketing efficiency of Lake Victoria processed sardines using structure-performance and efficient-structure hypotheses and the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on ma...