Showing papers in "Agricultural and biological chemistry in 1980"
TL;DR: The enzymes of methanol oxidation were investigated in a new yeast strain, Pichia pastoris IFP 206, with high yield and high yield, and the enzyme had a molecular weight of 675,000 and was composed of eight identical subunits of M.W. 80,000.
Abstract: The enzymes of methanol oxidation were investigated in a new yeast strain, Pichia pastoris IFP 206, with high yield (0.42 g cell per g of methanol). The following enzymes were detected in cell free extracts of P. pastoris: alcohol oxidase, catalase, formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases. The alcohol oxidase was purified from cell free extracts of P. pastoris containing high amount of the enzyme (33%) with a good yield (55%). The preparation was homogenous by immunochemical methods. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 675,000 and was composed of eight identical subunits of M.W. 80,000. Each subunit contained one FAD. The N-terminal sequence was found to be: Ala-Ile-Pro-Glu-Glu-Phe-Asp-Ile-Leu-Val-Leu-Gly-The protein had 65 free −SH groups per molecule. The optimum temperature for the enzyme activity was 37°C and the activation energy was 11.1 kcal/mol. Optimum pH was 7.5 and the enzyme activity was unstable at acidic pH. The apparent Km for methanol were 1.4 and 3.1 mm at oxygen concentrations of 0.19 a...
260 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two types of proteinaceous particles were observed under the electron microscope in the starchy endosperm of rice seeds, one was spherical with lamellar structure (PB-I), while the other was stained homogeneously by osmium tetroxide and not lamlar structured (PBII).
Abstract: Two types of proteinaceous particles were observed under the electron microscope in the starchy endosperm of rice seeds. One was spherical with lamellar structure (PB-I), while the other was stained homogeneously by osmium tetroxide and not lamellar structured (PB-II). Both types of proteinaceous particles were effectively condensed from the homogenate of developing rice endosperm by an aqueous polymer two-phase system using dextran-DEAE dextran-polyethylene glycol. Separation of both types was carried out by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. These proteinaceous particles were recovered at specific gravities of 1.27 and 1.29 for PB-I and PB-II, respectively. The protein composition of these particles and their solubility fractionation were examined. Prolamin appeared in the PB-I fraction, whereas PB-II was rich in glutelin and globulin.
252 citations
Journal Article•
170 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new enzyme called Nitrile Hydratase which degrades Acetonitrile in combination with Amidase is described. But this enzyme is not suitable for plant growth.
Abstract: (1980). A New Enzyme “Nitrile Hydratase” which Degrades Acetonitrile in Combination with Amidase. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 2251-2252.
150 citations
TL;DR: Konjac glucomannan, a reserve polysaccharide from Amorphophallus konjac tubers was isolated in a homogeneous state and is known to contain d-mannose and d-glucose in a molar ratio of 1.6: 1. Surviv...
Abstract: Konjac glucomannan, a reserve polysaccharide from Amorphophallus konjac tubers was isolated in a homogeneous state and is known to contain d-mannose and d-glucose in a molar ratio of 1.6: 1. Surviv...
127 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the reactivity of bovine casein components (αs1-, β-, and κ-caseins) in transglutaminase reaction was compared, and the properties of casein modified by this enzyme were examined.
Abstract: Transglutaminase catalyzes the formation of e-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl crosslinks and the substitution of a variety of primary amines for the γ-carboxyamide groups of protein-bound glutaminyl residues. As a first step in the use of transglutaminase for enzymic modification of food proteins, the reactivity of bovine casein components (αs1-, β-, and κ-caseins) in the transglutaminase reaction was compared, and the properties of casein modified by this enzyme were examined.The reactivity of κ-casein was lower than that of αs1 or β-caseins. Sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that each casein component was polymerized through formation of intermolecular crosslinks by transglutaminase.Ultracentrifugal experiments in the absence of calcium ions revealed that complex formation between αs1-casein (or β-casein) and κ-casein was not impaired by this modification. The functional properties of αs1- and β-caseins in the presence of calcium ions (e.g. precipitation and micelle formation...
116 citations
TL;DR: The well-known alkaline picrate test for cyanide has been improved by incorporating an enzymatic step to make the assay much more specific and quantitative.
Abstract: The well-known alkaline picrate test for cyanide has been improved by incorporating an enzymatic step to make the assay much more specific and quantitative. The sensitivity or detection limit of this method was found to be 0.16 μg/cm3 while the precision as indicated by the coefficient of variation was 3%. The method was, in addition, found to be rapid, simple, inexpensive and ideally suited for the analysis of large number of cassava tissues and products, such as may be encountered in cassava agronomy and breeding work or in industrial quality control laboratories. A trained operator working alone consistently analyzed at least 700 samples/day using this assay method.
111 citations
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the branching structure through C3 of both D-mannose and D-glucose residues was confirmed for a native and non-denatured specimen of konjac glucomannan.
Abstract: Konjac glucomannan, a reserve polysaccharide from Amorphophallus koniac tubers was isolated in a homogeneous state and is known to contain D-mannose and D-glucose in a molar ratio of 1.6:1. Survival of some monosaccharides after the periodata oxidation and subsequent reduction of knojac glucomannan suggested that it was composed mainly of β-1, 4 linkages, however, there was some branching in the polysaccharide. By analysis of the hydrolyzate of the permethylated sample by GC-MS, the branching structure through C3 of both D-mannose and D-glucose residues was confirmed. Yields of O-methyl mugars were also determined. The results indicate a branched structure for a native and non-denatured specimen of konjac glucomannan.
94 citations
81 citations
TL;DR: Membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase was purified to almost homogeneous state from membrane fraction of Gluconobacter suboxydans IFO 12528 by a procedure involving solubilization of the enzyme by Triton X-100 and subsequent fractionation on DEAE-cellulose and CM- cellulose.
Abstract: Membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase was purified to almost homogeneous state from membrane fraction of Gluconobacter suboxydans IFO 12528 by a procedure involving solubilization of the enzyme by Triton X-100 and subsequent fractionation on DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose. A c-type cytochrome was tightly bound to the dehydrogenase protein and existed as an enzyme-cytochrome complex. Molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be about 140,000, and SDS gel electrophoresis showed the presence of two subunits having a molecular weight of 86,000 and 55,000. Aliphatic aldehydes except formaldehyde were oxidized very rapidly in the presence of dyes, such as 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate or ferricyanide, but NAD, NADP or oxygen were not available as an electron acceptor. Optimum pH of aldehyde oxidation was observed at 4.0. The enzyme was stable at pH 5–6 and stability of the enzyme was much enhanced by the coexistence of sucrose and benzaldehyde. An apparent Michaelis constant for ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the isolation of highly purified Fucoidan from Eisenia bicyclis and its anticoagulant and antitumor activities. But they do not discuss the effects of the highly purified "Fucoidan" on Eisenia.
Abstract: (1980). Isolation of Highly Purified “Fucoidan” from Eisenia bicyclis and Its Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activities. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 1965-1966.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of JASmonic acid-related compounds were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities on rice seedling growth were investigated, and three functions (C-1 CH2COOH or CH2COH3, C-2 (Z)-2′-pentenyl or n-pentyl and C-3 ketone or hydroxyl) were essential for exhibiting inhibitory activity in this series of compounds.
Abstract: Jasmonic acid (JA)-related compounds were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities on rice seedling growth were investigated. Three functions (C-1 CH2COOH or CH2COOCH3, C-2 (Z)-2′-pentenyl or n-pentyl and C-3 ketone or hydroxyl) were essential for exhibiting inhibitory activity in this series of compounds. A dihydro-JA-related compound, 4-acetyl-nonanoic acid, also showed inhibitory activity similar to JA.
TL;DR: Resting rice seeds contained an acid protease whose optimal pH was 3.5 for casein containing 3.6 m urea and 2.5~3.0 for acid denatured haemoglobin, which indicates a high affinity of the enzyme for pepstatin.
Abstract: Resting rice seeds contained an acid protease whose optimal pH was 3.5 for casein containing 3.6 m urea and 2.5~3.0 for acid denatured haemoglobin. The enzyme was stable in a pH range between 5 and 9. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was 60,000~65,000. The enzyme was separated into several fractions by ion-exchange chromatography on DE-32 and by isoelectric focusing. Multiple forms of the enzyme were assumed to be due to the complex formation of the enzyme and inactive proteins. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 1 × 10−6 m pepstatin. ID50 value of the enzyme for pepstatin was estimated to be 5 × 10−6 m, which indicates a high affinity of the enzyme for pepstatin. The enzyme is a typical acid protease (carboxyl proteinase) that is sensitive to pepstatin.
TL;DR: The presence of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase complex in the glutamate-producing bacteria was demonstrated for the first time with Brevibacterium flavum and the addition of glutamate stimulated the synthesis of the enzyme.
Abstract: The presence of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase complex in the glutamate-producing bacteria was demonstrated for the first time with Brevibacterium flavum. The partially purified enzyme, which was specific to KG and NAD+ with the usual requirements for other co-factors, was labile and stabilized by glycerol, Mg2+, and thiamine pyrophosphate. The enzyme showed an optimum pH of 7.6 and Kms of 80, 86, and 61 μm for KG, NAD+, and CoA, respectively, cis-Aconitate, succinyl-CoA, NADPH, NADH, pyruvate, and oxalacetate strongly inhibited the activity, while it was activated by acetyl-CoA, but not by AMP. Various inorganic and organic salts also inhibited the activity. When cells were cultured in glucose and acetate media, the specific activity of the cell extracts increased markedly and reached to a maximum at the late-logarithmic phase. Then, it decreased to the basal level. The addition of glutamate stimulated the synthesis of the enzyme.
TL;DR: The structure of the extracellular acidic polysaccharide succinoglycan from Alcaligenes faecalis var.
Abstract: The structure of the extracellular acidic polysaccharide succinoglycan from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes 10C3 was elucidated by successive fragmentation of the polysaccharide with extracellular β-d-glycanase (succinoglycan depolymerase) and intracellular endo-β-(1→6)-d-glucanase of Flavobacterium sp. M64 into two tetrasaccharides via its octasaccharide repeating unit, and then methylation analysis and enzymic hydrolysis of the products. The extracellular acidic polysaccharides from Rhizobium meliloti, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium tumefaciens were also analyzed by this method and found to be identical with the polysaccharide from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes, irrespective of their modes of acylation. The structure was identical with that of extracellular polysaccharide from Rhizobium meliloti presented by Jansson et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 3812 (1977)), except for the occurrence of the succinic acid residue.
TL;DR: Initial velocity and product inhibition studies show that the reductive amination proceeds through a sequential ordered ternary-binary mechanism and contains two coenzyme binding sites per molecule.
TL;DR: The study here examined the substrate effectiveness of soybean 7S and 11S proteins in the intermolecular-crosslinking reaction catalyzed by guinea pig liver transglutaminase, finding that the reaction with 11S protein was faster than that of 7S protein.
Abstract: Transglutaminase catalyzes the formation of intermolecular and intramolecular e-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl crosslinks in proteins. The study here examined the substrate effectiveness of soybean 7S and 11S proteins in the intermolecular-crosslinking reaction catalyzed by guinea pig liver transglutaminase.Both 7S and 11S proteins could act as the substrate for the transglutaminase reaction. The reaction with 11S protein was faster than that of 7S protein. Analyses of the reaction products by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that three main subunit groups of 7S protein and two acidic subunit groups of 11S protein were polymerized through the formation of intermolecular crosslinks by transglutaminase. Interestingly enough, no intermolecular crosslink was formed between the basic subunits of 11S protein. The possible significance of the intermolecular crosslinking catalyzed by transglutaminase is discussed, including the use of this enzyme reaction to improve the properties of food pr...
TL;DR: Reductase activities of the enzyme for 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, ferricyanide and coenzyme Q1 were found in more acidic pH region, whereas its activities for phenazine methosulfate and Wursters blue were observed in more alkaline region.
Abstract: A membrane-bound d-glucose dehydrogenase [E.C. 1.1.99.a] was solubilized from the membrane of Pseudomonas sp. and purified to a nearly homogeneous state. The solubilized enzyme was monomeric in the presence of 1% Triton X–100 but aggregated after removing the detergent. The enzyme was a single peptide having a molecular weight of about 90,000.The enzyme reacted with various artificial electron acceptors such as phenazine methosulfate, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, Wurster’s blue, coenzyme Q1 and ferricyanide. The enzyme had a dual optimum pH depending on the electron acceptor. Reductase activities of the enzyme for 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, ferricyanide and coenzyme Q1 were found in more acidic pH region, whereas its activities for phenazine methosulfate and Wurster’s blue were observed in more alkaline region. p-Benzoquinone inhibited phenazine methosulfate reductase activity non-competitively but it inhibited 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol reductase activity competitively against the acceptor.The enzy...
TL;DR: In this article, 13C-NMR analysis of Hydroxyproline Arabinosides from Nicotiana tabacum is presented, and the results show that they are stable with respect to 13C NMR.
Abstract: (1980). 13C-NMR Analysis of Hydroxy-proline Arabinosides from Nicotiana tabacum. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 2487-2489.
TL;DR: In this paper, the volatile flavor concentrate of shoyu was extracted with CH2C12 and the extract was separated into ten (A~J) fractions, C~I fractions were acidic ones.
Abstract: From the volatile flavor concentrate of shoyu, acidic I and acidic II fractions were separated. Shoyu was also directly extracted with CH2C12 in order to cover the components that were not obtained by the above method, and the extract was separated into ten (A~J) fractions. C~I fractions were acidic ones. The above fractions were successively analyzed by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Consequently, 93 components were identified, 36 of which have not been reported previously as constituents of shoyu. The identified compounds were 15 alcohols, 15 carbonyls, 9 esters, 4 lactones, 6 furans, 3 furanones, 5 pyrones, 7 phenols, 13 acids and 16 other compounds. Organoleptically, the caramel-like aroma compounds among them are important for the characteristic flavor of shoyu. 4-Hydroxy-2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HEMF) and 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone seem to be important, and particularly, in view of the content and the organoleptic property, HEMF is co...
TL;DR: A new type of hydrogen bacteria, strict thermophile and obligate auto troph is isolated, and the characteristics of the strain are described.
Abstract: Various kinds of hydrogen bacteria, mainly mesophiles,1) some thermophiles2,3) and a strictly thermophile,4,5) have been isolated and reported on their taxonomy, physiology, and application. However, obligately autotrophic hydrogen bacterium is nowhere to be found up to date. We isolated a new type of hydrogen bacteria, strict thermophile and obligate auto troph, and described the characteristics of the strain. Isolation medium had the following com-
TL;DR: In this article, a product easily converted to glyoxal was found in an early stage of the reaction of sugar with amine in ethanol, and a new pathway for sugar fragmentation was proposed.
Abstract: A product easily converted to glyoxal was found in an early stage of the reaction of sugar with amine in ethanol. Glyoxaldicyclohexylimine was isolated from the reaction mixture of d-glucose with cyclohexylamine. This finding suggested the formation of a similar type glyoxaldialkylimine in other reactions of sugar with amine. This two-carbon compound was assumed to be produced directly from sugar or glycosylamine, and a new pathway for sugar fragmentation was proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino 6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5-triazine) by a soil bacterium is reported.
Abstract: The degradation of herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5-triazine) by a soil bacterium is reported. The bacterium involved is a species of Nocardia, which utilizes the atrazine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. A new metabolite, 4-amino-2-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazine, of the degradation of atrazine in the presence of glucose has been identified. The results further substantiated that atrazine can be degraded by soil microorganisms and indicated that deamination can also occur, as well as dealkylation. 4-Amino-2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine did not show phytotoxic activity to oat (Avena sativa L.), demonstrating that deamination insures detoxification.
TL;DR: A sucrose: sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase has been highly purified from the extract of asparagus roots by successive chromatographies with DEAE-, CM-cellulose, Sephadex G-200 and sucrose-coupled Sepharose 6B.
Abstract: A sucrose: sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase has been highly purified from the extract of asparagus roots by successive chromatographies with DEAE-, CM-cellulose, Sephadex G-200 and sucrose-coupled Sepharose 6B. The disc-electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme (mol. wt. ca. 65,000), free from the activity of β-fructofuranosidase and other fructosyltransferases, catalyzes fructosyltransfer from sucrose producing 1-kestose and glucose. The reaction is reversible. The transferase also exhibits an activity of fructosyltransfer from sucrose to the fructose in the sucrose moiety of neokestose and its homologous 6G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n-sucrose. The enzyme, however, does not catalyze fructosyltransfer to 1F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n-sucrose and 1F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)m-6G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose (except for m=0). Other properties of this enzyme are as follows: opt. pH, ca. 5.0; Km for sucrose, 0.11 m; stable on heating at 30°C, pH 4.0~8.0; labile (ca. 50% loss) on heating at 45°C, pH 5.0~6.5; inhibited by Hg2+...
TL;DR: Quantitative relationships were investigated between α-tocopherol and polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFA) or PUFA > 18 : 2 (PUFA with three or more double bonds) in porcine red and white muscles, finding their effects on the development of oxidative rancidity in refrigerated precooked muscles were not statistically significant.
Abstract: Quantitative relationships were investigated between α-tocopherol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or PUFA > 18 : 2 (PUFA with three or more double bonds) in porcine red (M. biceps femoris) and white (M. longissimus thoracis) muscles. Their effects on the development of oxidative rancidity in refrigerated precooked muscles were also investigated. The differences in the molar ratios of PUFA- or PUFA > 18 : 2-to-α-tocopherol or in the concentrations of α-tocophero] (µmol) to PUFA or PUFA > 18 : 2 (per gram) were not statistically significant in the two types of muscles, although red muscle had lower molar ratios of PUFA- or PUFA > 18 : 2-to-α-tocopherol and higher levels of α-tocopherol per gram of PUFA or PUFA > 18 : 2 than did the white muscle. 2-Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values for cooked ground muscles, subsequently refrigerated for 3 days tended to increase with decreasing concentrations of α-tocopherol per gram of PUFA and PUFA > 18 : 2 of total lipids.