Showing papers in "American Journal of Infection Control in 1988"

TL;DR: The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) developed a new set of definitions for surveillance of nosocomial infections as mentioned in this paper, which combine specific clinical findings with results of laboratory and other tests that include recent advances in diagnostic technology.

TL;DR: It particularly should be noted that the implementation of universal precautions or body substance isolation has resulted in marked increase in the use of gloves for direct patient contact, whether there is an additional cost-benefit rationale for handwashing with an antimicrobial agent remains to be studied.

TL;DR: More precise definition of the relative risk of sternotomy infection associated with obesity and diabetes is required to aid surgeons and patients in making judgments about the relative benefits of surgery and to alert nursing personnel to be particularly aware of early signs of infection in patients at high risk.

TL;DR: Rational strategies to control costs of nosocomial infection should focus on two approaches: (1) prevention and (2) reduction of acute hospital days attributable to infections.

TL;DR: The use of chlorhexidine achieved significantly (p less than 0.01) greater adjusted mean log10 bacterial count reductions than did povidone-iodine and chloroxylenol at all sampling times, with greater reductions as the study progressed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that bacterial stool culture and ova and parasite identification are not indicated for patients with nosocomial diarrhea and elimination of these unnecessary stool tests would have saved the hospital approximately +7530 in the 18-month study period.

TL;DR: One thousand six surgical patients admitted between April 1983 and January 1984 to a hospital in Addis Ababa were studied for incidence of nosocomial infections and gram-negative bacteria were mostly resistant to the commonly used antibiotics.

TL;DR: Although this treatment for MRSA carriage was safe and effective, decreased efficacy outside the nares and relapse limited its value.

TL;DR: Comparison of Bioclusive transparent polyurethane dressing with a cotton gauze dressing on peripheral intravenous (IV) access sites for the incidence of phlebitis, catheter tip colonization, skin colonization, and catheter-related bacteremia found no significant difference.

TL;DR: Selective pressure of third-generation cephalosporin use appeared to be a factor in the increased incidence of nosocomial enterococcal urinary tract infection during the latter half of 1986.

TL;DR: It is suggested that clinical and epidemiologic surveillance during the influenza season may allow the early recognition of influenza in elderly nursing home residents.

TL;DR: Forty-six infants in a neonatal intensive care unit and 138 health care workers were exposed to a pediatric medical resident during the prodromal period and the early days of unrecognized varicella and passive maternal antibody was detected in 44 of the neonates.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the appropriate ordering of blood cultures can be effected by establishing a protocol that is actively and continuously implemented, and the net benefit was reversed, however, when the protocol ceased to be actively implemented.

TL;DR: The process used to update and revalidate the original task analysis to ensure the continued validity and job relatedness of the certification process is described.

TL;DR: The effect on the normal cutaneous flora after iodine and alcohol disinfection of the skin of three commercially available moisture-permeable polyurethane dressings was compared with that of a gauze-and-tape dressing and no significant quantitative differences were found.

TL;DR: Season (winter), geographic locale (northern locale), and age (over 30 years) were the most significant extrinsic factors influencing the manifestation of hands with dry, chapped skin.

TL;DR: Active surveillance was begun of one afebrile patient undergoing elective cardiac surgery that involved taking preoperative and postoperative cultures of blood, skin, catheter insertion sites, and environmental cultures of flushing solutions and syringe attached to a manometer for calibrating pressure transducers.

TL;DR: From a biologic viewpoint, the so-called epidemics-in reality large-scale conflicts between species-are natural and continual; epidemics will always be with us-perhaps like wars-skipping a few generations and giving the next one the false impression of their extinction.

TL;DR: It is concluded that unwarranted fears about the vaccine's safety need to be dispelled, that high-risk physicians should be included in vaccination programs, and that rural and psychiatric hospital policies reflect their perceived risk of occupational HBV infection.

TL;DR: Prior excretion of CMV, multiple hospital admissions, female sex, and Hispanic ethnic background were correlated with excretion, and a history of premature, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and positive results ofCMV serologic studies were more commonly associated withexcretion.

TL;DR: The results of this pilot study suggest that there is no difference in the incidence of catheter-related infection whether the change interval for flush solution and pressure monitoring solution is 24 or 48 hours, however, further study with a larger sample is needed.

TL;DR: A surveillance program is described that was used for 35 patients, which screens and follows recipients through serologic, virologic, and immunologic parameters, thus leading to a reduced risk of infection during the period after cardiac transplantation.

TL;DR: The infection control practitioner needs to be aware of the issues surrounding surgical barrier materials to be able to put the infection control merits of these materials in their proper perspective.

TL;DR: The role and activities in which the infection control practitioner must engage include surveillance and reporting, administration, education, and consultation with correction personnel, local health agencies, and health care workers.

TL;DR: Day-care-acquired infectious diseases have been well documented in medical literature and children younger than 6 years of age are ideal hosts for enterorespiratory agents.

TL;DR: To better understand nursing practice in geriatric care settings as it relates to infections, a survey of nursing attitudes about a variety of infection control issues was undertaken.