Showing papers in "Americas in 1996"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the history of post-colonization of the Latin American experience and the postcolonisation of the (Latin) American Experience: A Reconsideration of "Colonialism," "Postcolonialism," and "Mestizaje" p.345 Index p.
Abstract: Preface p.vii Introduction: After Colonialism p.3 PART ONE: COLONIALISM AND THE DISCIPLINES Ch. 1 Secular Interpretation, the Geographical Element, and the Methodology of Imperialism p.2 Ch. 2 Africa in History: The End of Universal Narratives p.40 Ch. 3 Haiti, History, and the Gods p.66 Ch. 4 Why Not Tourist Art? Significant Silences in Native American Museum Representations p.98 PART TWO: COLONIALISM AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCE Ch. 5 The Effacement of Difference: Colonialism and the Origins of Nationalism in Diderot and Herder p.129 Ch. 6 Retribution and Remorse: The Interaction between the Administration and the Protestant Mission in Early Colonial Formosa p.153 Ch. 7 Coping with (Civil) Death: The Christian Convert's Rights of Passage in Colonial India p.183 Ch. 8 Exclusion and Solidarity: Labor Zionism and Arab Workers in Palestine, 1897-1929 p.211 Ch. 9 The Postcolonization of the (Latin) American Experience: A Reconsideration of "Colonialism,"Postcolonialism," and "Mestizaje" p.241 PART THREE: COLONIAL DISCOURSE AND ITS DISPLACEMENTS Ch. 10 Becoming Indian in the Central Andes p.279 Ch. 11 Ethnographic Travesties: Colonial Realism, French Feminism, and the Case of Elissa Rhais p.299 Ch. 12 In a Spirit of Calm Violence p.326 Notes on the Contibutors p.345 Index p.347
219 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive, up-to-date portrait of parties and party systems in Latin America can be found in this paper, where the authors provide a theoretical and comparative conceptual map for charting Latin American party systems and a conclusion that looks ahead to the challenges and trends for party building.
Abstract: This volume fills the need for a comprehensive, up-to-date portrait of parties and party systems in Latin America. It includes chapters on all the large and medium-sized countries, as well as those smaller countries with older democratic traditions: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The book is framed by an introduction that provides a theoretical and comparative conceptual map for charting Latin American party systems and a conclusion that looks ahead to the challenges and trends for party building in the 1990's. The twelve country case studies address five analytical themes. Finally, and most important, the authors characterise the nature of the party system in each country - how institutionalised it is and how it can be classified.
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TL;DR: Poole as discussed by the authors traces the origins and history of the account of the Guadalupe apparitions, and in the process challenges many commonly accepted assumptions and interpretations and will undoubtedly provoke widespread scholarly debate.
Abstract: The devotion to Our Lady of Guadalupe, based on the story of apparitions of the Virgin Mary to Juan Diego, an Indian neophyte, at the hill of Tepeyac in December 1531, is one of the most important formative religious and national forces in the history of Mexico. It has variously been interpreted as the source of Mexican national identity, a means of continuity between the Indian past and Spanish domination, a symbol of national liberation, and a way of evangelizing and pacifying the Indians. The aphorism "Mexico was born at Tepeyac" aptly summarizes its importance. In this, the first work ever to examine in depth every historical source of the Guadalupe apparitions, Stafford Poole traces the origins and history of the account, and in the process challenges many commonly accepted assumptions and interpretations. This is revisionist history at its best and will undoubtedly provoke widespread scholarly debate.
100 citations
TL;DR: A collection of essays from leading scholars in the fields of intellectual and cultural history focusing on the ways in which contact with the Americas transformed European thought is presented in this article, with the focus on the impact of Spanish, French, and English experiences in the New World.
Abstract: The five hundredth anniversary of Columbus's first transatlantic voyage has provoked an outpouring of scholarship on how European exploration and colonization affected America. This book of eleven essays from leading scholars in the fields of intellectual and cultural history reverses that trend by focusing on the ways in which contact with the Americas transformed European thought. The result of an international conference sponsored by the John Carter Brown Library, this collection addresses the impact of Spanish, French, and English experiences in the New World. The essays consider whether and how knowledge of America changed the mental world of European thinkers as reflected in their understanding of history, literature, linguistics, religion, and the sciences. In assessing the process by which Europeans sought to understand America, this volume responds to issues raised by Sir John Elliott nearly a generation ago, and the collection concludes with an essay in which Elliott reflects on the scholarship of the last twenty-five years on this subject. The contributors are David Armitage, Peter Burke, Luca Codignola, J. H. Elliott, Christian Feest, Roland Greene, John M. Headley, Karen Ordahl Kupperman, Henry Lowood, Sabine MacCormack, David Quint, and Richard C. Simmons.
73 citations
72 citations
TL;DR: Sandino's Daughters Revisited as discussed by the authors is a collection of interviews with women who were part of the Sandinista women's struggle against the dictator Somoza in 1979, which brought the lives of extraordinary female revolutionaries to the American and world public.
Abstract: "A collection of varied and amazing lives, all bent on shaping history. Together, these experienced, undeterred Nicaraguan women offer powerful clues about a truly revolutionary and democratizing feminism." --Adrienne Rich "Powerful, moving, and challenging. Everyone interested in decency and justice will want to read Sandino's Daughters Revisited." --Blanche Wiesen Cook "If it were not for writers like Margaret, how would women around the world find each other when there is such an institutional effort to keep us apart and silent? Here Margaret brings us the voice of Sandino's daughters, honoring his hat and wearing their own, wiser now, having been part of political and personal revolution." --Holly Near Sandino's Daughters, Margaret Randall's conversations with Nicaraguan women in their struggle against the dictator Somoza in 1979, brought the lives of a group of extraordinary female revolutionaries to the American and world public. The book remains a landmark. A decade later, Randall returned to interview many of the same women and others. In Sandino's Daughters Revisited, they speak of their lives during the Sandinista adminstration, the ways in which the revolution made them strong--and also held them back. Ironically, the 1990 defeat of the Sandinistas at the ballot box has given Sandinista women greater freedom to express their feelings and ideas. Randall interviewed outspoken women from all walks of life. The voices of these women lead us to recognize both the failed promises and continuing attraction of the Sandinista movement for women. This is a moving account of the relationship between feminism and revolution as it is expressed in the daily lives of Nicaraguan women. Margaret Randall is the author of more than fifty books, including four others about Nicaragua. She was born and raised in the U.S., but lived for twenty-three years in Mexico, Cuba, and Nicaragua. Having relinquished her citizenship when she married a Mexican, she was denied U.S. residency when she returned to the United States in 1984. After a five-year fight, she regained her citizenship in 1989. She lives in New Mexico and teaches at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, in the spring.
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TL;DR: The most common metaphor for the Mexican nation was mole poblano (turkey in deep-brown sauce) as mentioned in this paper, a mestizo blend of Native American and Spanish influences, which was attributed to the convents of colonial Puebla and in particular to Sor Andrea de la Asuncion of the Dominican Santa Rosa cloister.
Abstract: Mexican writers of the twentieth century have often imagined cuisine to be a symbol of their national identity, a mestizo blend of Native American and Spanish influences. Salvador Novo, for example, a member of the Academia Mexicana de la Lengua and official chronicler of Mexico City, traced the beginnings of mestizaje to the “happy encounter” between corn tortillas and pork sausage that produced the first taco. The most common culinary metaphor for the Mexican nation was mole poblano (turkey in deep-brown sauce). Authors in the 1920s began attributing the origins of this dish to the convents of colonial Puebla, and in particular to Sor Andrea de la Asuncion of the Dominican Santa Rosa cloister. About 1680 she supposedly combined seasonings from the Old World with chile peppers from the New in honor of Viceroy Tomas Antonio de la Cerda y Aragon. Mole thus represented Mexico’s “cosmic race,” created by divine inspiration and served up for the approval of the Spanish crown.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the role of elections in the development of democracy in the nations of Central America: Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Abstract: The thirteen original essays in this collection evaluate the role of elections in the development of democracy in the nations of Central America: Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama. Exploring the region's transformation over the last fifteen years from dictatorial to electoral rule, this volume of new essays is a major expansion and reworking of Elections and Democracy in Central America , published by the UNC Press in 1989. The essays reevaluate the status of democratization in each country over the last six years, including the transition to civilian rule in Panama. In addition to the country-by-country analysis, the book includes topical chapters on comparative voting behavior, the impact of outside election observers, and the roles of foreign actors and elites in the election process. Although the contributors express skepticism about the prospects for some countries to consolidate democracy, they are, on the whole, optimistic about Central America's democratic future. |A updated edition of the classic guide to the trails along the Blue Ridge Parkway. Veteran hiker Leonard Adkins has added new trails and updated descriptions and details for many other trails. He includes hikes and walks for every skill and interest level, from five-minute ""leg-stretchers"" to overnight outings.
TL;DR: Lagos as discussed by the authors provides a fine-grained ethnographic and historical analysis of the intersecting dynamics of class and culture in Tiraque, a province in the highlands of Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Abstract: Maria L. Lagos supplies a fine-grained ethnographic and historical analysis of the intersecting dynamics of class and culture in Tiraque, a province in the highlands of Cochabamba, Bolivia.
TL;DR: Aymara Indians from the town of Macha in the south Andean province of Chayanta, northern Potosi, traveled to the colonial administrative center of La Plata, seat of the high court of Charcas, to denounce their Spanish and ethnic local authorities as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Ai T the beginning of June 1780, a large group of Indians from the town of Macha in the south Andean province of Chayanta, northern Potosi, traveled to the colonial administrative center of La Plata, seat of the high court of Charcas, to denounce their Spanish and ethnic local authorities. Collective pilgrimages to Spanish tribunals were common among the Andean and Mexican peasantries. Native communities had long since gained the reputation of being litigious for flooding colonial courts with complaints that involved abuses in village government. The circumstances surrounding the journey of these Aymara Indians of Macha, nevertheless, were rather extraordinary. Over the three previous years, the Macha communities had carried out an exceptionally tenacious legal struggle. Juridical battles included several appeals to the royal treasury of Potosi, the Real Audiencia of Charcas, and one astonishing journey to Buenos Aires, 1,6oo miles away, where the Indians brought their case before the highest authority in the land, the viceroy of the Rio de la Plata. Local power groups responded by repeatedly attacking
TL;DR: In this paper, the problematic relationship between neoliberal strategies of economic restructuring and the process of democratic consolidation is discussed, highlighting the connections between democratic politics and marketplace logic, promoted by policy-makers in the US government.
Abstract: Addressing the problematic relationship between neoliberal strategies of economic restructuring and the process of democratic consolidation, this study highlights the connections between democratic politics and marketplace logic, promoted by policy-makers in the US government.
TL;DR: The Bush Administration's Andean Drug Strategy in Historical Perspective as mentioned in this paper, W. Walker III US-Andean Drug Policy, R. Perl The US Military and the War on Drugs, D. Mabry After San Antonio, B. Bagley The Size of the Illegal Drug Industry, F. Cepeda Ulloa The International Nexus - Where Worlds Collide, W. McAllister Who Are the Bad Guys? Literary Images of Narcotraffickers, P. Reydburd.
Abstract: The Bush Administration's Andean Drug Strategy in Historical Perspective, W. Walker III US-Andean Drug Policy, R. Perl The US Military and the War on Drugs, D. Mabry After San Antonio, B. Bagley The Size of the Illegal Drug Industry, F. Thoumi Drug Trafficking and Society in Colombia, A. Camacho Guizado Drug Trafficking and the Guerrilla Movement in Colombia, A. Reyes Drug Summitry - a Colombian Perspective, J.G. Tokatlian Glyphosate and Drug Control Policy in Colombia, J.G. Tokatlian The Andean Cocaine Dilemma, E. Morales Peru, Drugs and the Shining Path, D.S. Palmer Recent Literature on Drugs in Bolivia, K. Healy US-Bolivia Counternarcotics Efforts During the Paz Zamora Administration - 1989-1992, E. Gamarra Ecuador and the War on Drugs, X.A. Bonilla Drug Trafficking, Drug Consumption and Violence in Ecuador, X. Andrade The Impact of Drug Trafficking on Ecuadoran Politics - 1989-1992, A. Paez Cordero Drug Trafficking and Drug Abuse in Paraguay, J.L. Simon Paraguay and International Drug Trafficking, F. Mora Drug Trafficking in US-Mexican Relations - What You See Is What You Get, J. Chabat After Camarena, W. Walker III US-Mexican Border Drug Control - Operation Alliance as a Case Study, G. Lemus Central America and Drug Trafficking, L. Robinson Costa Rica and the Drug Trade, C. Weir The Drug Trade in the Caribbean - Policy Options, A. Maingot Politics and US-Jamaican Drug Trade in the 1980s, A. Khan-Melnyk International Cooperation and the War on Drugs, F. Cepeda Ulloa The International Nexus - Where Worlds Collide, W. McAllister Who Are the Bad Guys? Literary Images of Narcotraffickers, P. Reydburd.
TL;DR: The US-Caribbean relations are discussed in detail in this article, where the US enters the Caribbean: geopolitics and racial destiny, the marxist challenge and US responses: from anti-fascism to anti-communism - Costa Rica and British Guiana the CIA unleashed - containing communism in Guatemala and Cuba the Caribbean plays the Cuban card - the US response.
Abstract: Part 1 The US enters the Caribbean: geopolitics and racial destiny - 1823-1903 geopolitics and the perceived duties of the policeman - 1903-35 reinforcing perceptions - U-boats and fifth columns in World War II. Part 2 The marxist challenge and US responses: from anti-fascism to anti-communism - Costa Rica and British Guiana the CIA unleashed - containing communism in Guatemala and Cuba the Caribbean plays the Cuban card - the US response. Part 3 Problems of the modern Caribbean: threats to social and national security - the internationlization of corruption and violence the "offshore" development strategy - is it for everyone? migration and development - all roads lead north Haiti - intractable problems, shifting commitments conclusion - the limits of sovereignty - challenges and synergies in US-Caribbean relations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the religious orders and their relationship with the Church: 1. Jesuit expulsion 2. Mendicant chronicles 3. Oratorians 4. Secularisation 5. Nuns 6. Priests 7. Confraternities and parochial income 8. Bishops and Chapter 9. Cathedral and chapter 10. A bishop and his canons 11. Tithes and chantries 12.
Abstract: Preface Part I. The Religious Orders: 1. Jesuit expulsion 2. Mendicant chronicles 3. Oratorians 4. Secularisation 5. Nuns Part II. Priests and Laity: 6. Priests 7. Confraternities and parochial income 8. Devotion and deviance Part III. Bishops and Chapter: 9. Cathedral and chapter 10. A bishop and his canons 11. Tithes and chantries 12. Liberal prelate Appendices Notes Bibliography Index.