Showing papers in "Applied Spectroscopy Reviews in 2013"
TL;DR: NIR-HSI is an emerging technique that combines classical NIR spectroscopy and imaging techniques in order to simultaneously obtain spectral and spatial information from a field or a sample.
Abstract: In this review, various applications of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) in agriculture and in the quality control of agro-food products are presented. NIR-HSI is an emerging technique that combines classical NIR spectroscopy and imaging techniques in order to simultaneously obtain spectral and spatial information from a field or a sample. The technique is nondestructive, nonpolluting, fast, and relatively inexpensive per analysis. Currently, its applications in agriculture include vegetation mapping, crop disease, stress and yield detection, component identification in plants, and detection of impurities. There is growing interest in HSI for safety and quality assessments of agro-food products. The applications have been classified from the level of satellite images to the macroscopic or molecular level.
248 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review article introduces recent technical and scientific reports on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the wood and paper industry, which have increased during the last decade.
Abstract: This review article introduces recent technical and scientific reports on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the wood and paper industry, which have increased during the last decade. Many researchers have reported that the NIR technique is useful for detection of both chemical and physical properties of wood materials and has been widely used in cases where the characteristic cellular structure of the material is retained. With regard to application of NIR spectroscopy to pulp and paper, many publications have reported its potential as an on-line measurement technique during paper-making process control. NIR spectroscopy is considered fundamental in applied research on wood and paper. Utilization of NIR spectroscopy in the wood and paper industry should take into account its applicability and limitations as a nondestructive technique.
149 citations
TL;DR: In this study, the recent technical applications of terahertz spectroscopy to identify and classify, qualitatively and quantitatively analyze, evaluate, and safely control agricultural products and food are reviewed.
Abstract: Demand for high levels of quality and safety in agricultural products and food requires appropriate analytical techniques for analysis both during and after production. Desirable techniques should be quick, easy, and safe to use; require minimal or no sample preparation; avoid sample destruction; and be accurate. In this study, the recent technical applications of terahertz spectroscopy to identify and classify, qualitatively and quantitatively analyze, evaluate, and safely control agricultural products and food are reviewed. The challenges and future outlook of terahertz spectroscopy are discussed.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the principles and environmental applications of excitation-emission spectrofluorimetry (EES) is presented, and the possibilities and limitations are evaluated.
Abstract: This review attempts to cover the principles and environmental applications of excitation-emission spectrofluorimetry (EES). The article is divided into two parts and each part is divided into several sections. The first part includes the following: Introduction, advantages and drawbacks of EES, comparative EES versus other techniques, factors influencing EES signals, representation of EES spectra, relationships and changes in intensity of fluorescence, multivariate calibration combined with EES, quenching of fluorescence, and conclusions. Theoretical and practical considerations are included, and the possibilities and limitations are evaluated. The second part is devoted to the environmental applications of EES: Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in drinking waters, rivers, fog water, lakes, oceans, leachates, wastewaters, sludge, bioreactor membrane foulants and soils; characterization of extracellular polymeric substances in sluges; study of interactions between ...
107 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the application of quantum cascade laser (QCL) absorption spectroscopic techniques to measure atmospheric trace gases is presented, with particular emphasis on ground-based eddy covariance measurements, isotope measurements, and other applications.
Abstract: Since the first demonstration in 1994, progress in the development of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) has been breathtakingly rapid. Various techniques based upon novel QCLs have attracted much interest from researchers working in science and engineering disciplines (atmospheric environmental monitoring, chemical analysis, industrial process control, medical diagnostics, applications of life science, etc.) over the course of approximately the last two decades. Some background and recent advances in the development of QCLs are discussed together with a brief outline of a few representative atmospheric chemical species and their spectral features, as well as a short summary of terahertz-QCL. Among the various laser spectroscopic methods, the focus in this review is directed toward selected applications of QCL absorption spectroscopic techniques, which are commonly used to measure atmospheric trace gases, with particular emphasis on ground-based eddy covariance measurements, isotope measurements, and ...
98 citations
TL;DR: Raman spectroscopy has proved crucial in providing baseline data for the modification of synthetic apatite powders that are routinely used now as bone replacement materials is explained as discussed by the authors, which is important to understand the chemical structural properties of natural bone.
Abstract: Raman spectroscopy of natural bones and hydroxyapatites is described. In addition, how Raman spectroscopy has proved crucial in providing baseline data for the modification of synthetic apatite powders that are routinely used now as bone replacement materials is explained. It is important to understand the chemical structural properties of natural bone. Bone consists of two primary components: an inorganic or mineral phase, which is mainly a carbonated form of a nanoscale crystalline calcium phosphate, closely resembling hydroxyapatite, and an organic phase, which is composed largely of type I collagen fibers. Other constituents of bone tissue include water and organic molecules such as glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, lipids, and peptides. Ions such as sodium, magnesium, fluoride, and citrate are also present, as well as hydrogenophosphate. Hence, the mineral phase in bone may be characterized essentially as nonstoichiometric substituted apatite. Such a distinction is important in the developm...
88 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of spectroscopic and nonspectroscopic techniques in the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), is discussed.
Abstract: In the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated soils for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the roles of spectroscopic and nonspectroscopic techniques are inseparable. Therefore, spectroscopic techniques cannot be discussed in isolation. In this report, spectroscopic techniques including Raman, fluorescence, infrared, and visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopies, as well as mass spectroscopy (coupled to a gas chromatograph) and nonspectroscopic techniques such as gravimetry, immunoassay, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection are reviewed. To bridge the perceived gap in coverage of the quantitative applications of Vis-NIR spectroscopy in the rapid determination of TPHs and PAHs in soils, a detailed review of studies from the period 1999–2012 are presented. This report also highlights the strengths and limitations of these techniques and evaluates their performance from the perspective of their attributes of general ap...
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the use of NIR spectroscopy and imaging techniques for fish authentication and classification is presented, focusing on chemical composition (fat, protein, and moisture), microbiological (freshness, spoilage, and nematodes), and sensory attributes of fish and fishery products.
Abstract: Fish is a highly perishable product and it is particularly important to pay attention to its quality changes. Maintenance of the high quality of fish and fishery products necessitates development of means for precise and rapid quality evaluation. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and imaging techniques are proven technologies that can provide useful information for the estimation of quality attributes in fish and fishery products due to fast speed, noninvasiveness, ease of use, and minimal sample preparation. The aim of this review is to communicate perspectives and aspects relating to NIR spectroscopy and imaging techniques with regard to evaluation of chemical composition (fat, protein, and moisture), microbiological (freshness, spoilage, and nematodes), and sensory (flavor, texture, and color) attributes of fish and fishery products. Moreover, the usefulness of NIR spectroscopy and imaging techniques for fish authentication and classification are presented. Finally, some viewpoints on the curren...
77 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive collection of publications devoted to dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) including modifications made to it and techniques derived from it can be found in this article.
Abstract: The present article offers a historical overview and a comprehensive collection of publications devoted to dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), including modifications made to it and techniques derived from it. The principle of DLLME is discussed, as are the detection techniques employed, their applications, and milestones in the development of DLLME. The applications and the most important parameters of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and related techniques are summarized in a table.
77 citations
TL;DR: A review of the combined analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman Spectroscopy can be found in this article, which briefly describes basic instrumental principles and technological aspects of the hyphenated technique, as well as the requirements in the design of interactive instruments including laser systems, optical systems for laser beam delivery, emission collection devices, and spectrum measurement systems.
Abstract: A modern trend in the development of laser-based analytical instruments is to integrate more functions in a single device, which could supply complementary information and improve the capability to identify different components. This review presents historical development of the combined analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman Spectroscopy, which briefly describes basic instrumental principles and technological aspects of the hyphenated technique, as well as the requirements in the design of interactive instruments, including laser systems, optical systems for laser beam delivery, emission collection devices, and spectrum measurement systems. Various configurations of the combined instrumentation have been designed and used depending on the different applications, such as pigment analysis in the cultural heritage field, detection of explosives, analysis of geological samples, and applications in future planetary missions. In addition, the feasibility, applicability, and...
59 citations
TL;DR: A review of the different instrumental approaches employed in the generation of compositional maps as well as a detailed discussion of different applications that involve the use of LIBS to obtain two-dimensional or even three-dimensional chemical maps is presented in this paper.
Abstract: Analytical techniques able to perform spatially resolved analysis are highly demanded in the surface analysis and material science fields. Compared to other analytical techniques usually employed, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers several advantages, such as simplicity and robustness of instrumentation, which permit on-line and in situ measurements. No or minimal sample preparation is required, and the analysis of any sample without restrictions on the shape, size, or conductive nature can be performed under atmospheric conditions in a matter of seconds. In this work, a review of the different instrumental approaches employed in the generation of compositional maps as well as a detailed discussion of the different applications that involve the use of LIBS to obtain two-dimensional or even three-dimensional chemical maps is presented.
TL;DR: The analytical applications of evolved gas analysis (EGA) performed by infrared spectroscopy (IR-EGA) for the period 2010-2012 are reviewed in this paper, where the nature of volatile products released by a substance subjected to a controlled temperature program were determined on-line, under either isothermal or heating conditions.
Abstract: A correct interpretation for the mechanism of a thermally induced reaction, involving the formation of gaseous species, is strongly dependent on the characterization of the evolved products.The analytical applications of evolved gas analysis (EGA) performed by infrared spectroscopy (IR-EGA) for the period 2010–2012 are reviewed in this article. When the nature of volatile products released by a substance subjected to a controlled temperature program were determined on-line, the results proved a supposed reaction, under either isothermal or heating conditions.
TL;DR: The study of the ionome (ionomics) is defined as quantitative and simultaneous measurement of the element composition of living organisms and changes in this composition in response to physiological stimuli, development stage, and genetic modifications as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The study of the ionome (ionomics) is defined as quantitative and simultaneous measurement of the element composition of living organisms and changes in this composition in response to physiological stimuli, development stage, and genetic modifications (Salt et al., Ann. Rev. Plant Biol., Vol. 59, 2008). The necessity of understanding the regulation processes of elements in the organisms demands determination of many elements in the organism, tissue, and cell (Baxter, Plant Biol., Vol. 12, 2009). A prospect for ionomics is environmental pollution where great variety of conditions and pollutants exist resulting in concentration and interelemental changes in the plant ionome. The capabilities of and problems with several multielement analytical techniques, including instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), wh...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the recent advances in near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques applied to the chemical content and traceability analyses of feed protein materials.
Abstract: Due to the strong link between feed and food, the quality and safety of feed protein materials are of public concern. Firstly, this article summarizes the recent advances in near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques applied to the chemical content and traceability analyses of feed protein materials. The results show the potential of NIRS as an efficient first-line screening tool for monitoring the quality and safety of feed protein materials. Finally, future prospects and the need to increase the feasibility of industrial applications and improve the limit of detection of NIRS techniques for feed protein materials are discussed.
TL;DR: Optical analytical atomic spectrometry includes the techniques of atomic emission, atomic absorption, and atomic fluorescence as discussed by the authors, and developments in these techniques are reviewed from January 2011 through June 2012, including a summary of applications in various areas of science.
Abstract: Optical analytical atomic spectrometry includes the techniques of atomic emission, atomic absorption, and atomic fluorescence. In this review, developments in these techniques are reviewed from January 2011 through June 2012, including a summary of applications in various areas of science. The goal is to summarize the most significant recent developments in optical atomic spectrometry.
TL;DR: In this article, the relation between Raman scattering and absorption was reviewed to determine to what extent quantitative analysis can be applied in resonance Raman spectroscopy, and it was demonstrated experimentally that the normal Raman spectrum can be dramatically inhibited by absorption and resonance effects.
Abstract: The relation between Raman scattering, resonance Raman scattering, and absorption is reviewed to determine to what extent quantitative analysis can be applied in resonance Raman spectroscopy. In addition, it is demonstrated experimentally that normal Raman spectra can be dramatically inhibited by absorption and resonance Raman effects. Raman spectra of toluene and heptane mixtures—with progressively increasing concentrations of heptane—were measured using 229-nm laser excitation. The results show that the characteristic band intensities are not directly proportional to the relative concentrations of the compounds and deviate due to absorption resonance effects. An approximated mathematical model is developed to demonstrate that the intensities of the normal Raman scattering bands are suppressed. An inhibition coefficient Ki is introduced to describe the situation and determine the penetration depth. Most remarkably, it is shown that the intensity of the resonance Raman scattering bands can be co...
TL;DR: In this article, the main contents include displacement-based preconcentration schemes for trace metal analysis by analytical atomic spectrometry, indicator displacement assays focusing on the use of advanced nanomaterials, and displacement immunoassays using spectrometric measurements.
Abstract: Displacement reactions are very popular in nature, ranging from texbook knowledge of the Zn-CuSO4 system to modern functional nucleic acid–involved metal ion displacement. Though synthetic chemistry harvests a lot from displacement reactions, analytical chemistry benefits greatly from various displacement reaction strategies, such as sensitivity improvement. In particular, the use of indicator displacement assay for new sensor development is of great interest worldwide. In this review, we summarize the advances in utilization of displacement reactions for improved spectrometric analysis. The main contents include displacement-based preconcentration schemes for trace metal analysis by analytical atomic spectrometry, indicator displacement assays focusing on the use of advanced nanomaterials, and displacement immunoassays using spectrometric measurements, with 117 references.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide detailed information regarding how to apply advanced synchrotron radiation-based and conventional molecular techniques to research in coproducts from biofuel processing on the molecular structure, metabolic characteristics, and nutrition.
Abstract: Advanced synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy, as a nondestructive and rapid analytical technique, is able to simultaneously reveal the structural, chemical, and environmental features of biomaterials at cellular and molecular levels within intact tissue However, to date, this advanced synchrotron-based technique is still seldom used by feed and nutrition scientists This article aims to provide detailed information regarding how to apply advanced synchrotron radiation–based and conventional molecular techniques to research in coproducts from biofuel processing on the molecular structure, metabolic characteristics, and nutrition The information described in this article provides better insight on coproduct research progress and updates with advanced synchrotron radiation-based and globar-based (conventional) molecular spectroscopy
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present some of the recent and most important studies in the area of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy of steroids and their derivatives completed with r...
Abstract: Steroids are an important class of organic compounds containing a vast array of biologically and physiologically essential molecules. Due to their availability, relatively straightforward derivatizability, and endogeneity, they are widely used in pharmacological applications. The investigation of molecular and physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the solid state is important, because these properties are directly related to their pharmacological activity. Several methods are available for this purpose. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy offers a nondestructive and flexible technique, providing both structural and dynamic information. It can be applied to every solid physical state (both crystalline and amorphous) as well as to materials with different compositions. The current article aims at gathering together some of the recent and most important studies in the area of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy of steroids and their derivatives completed with r...