Showing papers in "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2012"

TL;DR: This review focuses on the tissue- and cell type-specific distribution of VDR throughout the body.

TL;DR: The emerging correlation between rising serum phosphate/FGF-23 levels and increased CYP24A1 expression in chronic kidney disease, which in turn underlies accelerated degradation of both serum 25-OH-D(3) and 1,25-(OH)(2)D( 3) in this condition is discussed.

TL;DR: This review examines the genetic, genomic, regulatory, and biochemical evidence that each of these is a bonafide scavenger of H( 2)O(2) in the cell and considers possible reasons that bacteria might require multiple enzymes to catalyze this process, including differences in substrate specificity, compartmentalization, cofactor requirements, kinetic optima, and enzyme stability.

TL;DR: Despite of heterogeneity and complexity of cancer cell sections, the use of the Young's modulus as an indicator of cell elasticity allow for detection of cancer cells in tissue slices.

TL;DR: Despite the enormous genomic diversity of bacteria, oxidative stress response regulators in E. coli are functionally conserved in a wide range of bacterial groups, possibly reflecting positive selection of these regulators.

TL;DR: It is revealed that olive oil and red wine polyphenols reduce inflammatory angiogenesis in cultured endothelial cells, through MMP-9 and COX-2 inhibition, supporting a potential protective role for dietarypolyphenols in atherosclerotic vascular disease and cancer.

TL;DR: It is discussed how plants deficient in catalase are not only key tools to identifyCatalase functions, but are also generating new insight into H(2)O( 2) signalling in plants and the potential importance of peroxisomal and other intracellular processes in this signalling.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the structure and function of the Fc region of IgG molecules that mediates biologic functions, within immune complexes, by interactions with cellular Fc receptors (FcγR), and the C1q component of complement.

TL;DR: It is theorizing that 1,25-(OH)(2)D production at these sites is for the purpose of local immunoregulatory function, not for controlling calcium balance in the host or the fetus.

TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current studies of GJ and HC formed by connexins and pannexins in various tissue and organ systems including heart, central nervous system, kidney, mammary glands, ovary, testis, lens, retina, inner ear, bone, cartilage, lung and liver.

TL;DR: The pathways that are required for metabolism and function of vitamin D, and the various clinical complications that have been linked to impaired vitamin D status during pregnancy are described.

TL;DR: Results suggested that naringin protected mice exposed to a high-fat diet from metabolic syndrome through an AMPK-dependent mechanism involving multiple types of intracellular signaling and reduction of oxidative damage.

TL;DR: The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is highly expressed in epithelial cells at risk for carcinogenesis including those resident in skin, breast, prostate and colon, providing a direct molecular link by which vitamin D status impacts on carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: It is concluded that nsPEF can generate both extracellular (electrochemical) and intracellular ROS, including H(2)O(2), and possibly other species, which may lead to cell stimulation and/or oxidative cell damage.

TL;DR: Six cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing the initial 25-Hydroxylation step are reviewed, and their physiological relevance as vitamin D 25-hydroxylases in vivo is discussed.

TL;DR: The major methods that are employed for testing the activity of therapeutic mAbs in vitro and in vivo in small animal models are reviewed and some of the pitfalls in these assays are pointed out.

TL;DR: Graphical abstract highlights the molecular evolution of metalloenzymes that catalyse the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide and three protein families of differing structure, catalytic mechanism, distribution and evolutionary age.

TL;DR: Results of early investigations that endeavored to trap and detect this elusive monooxygenating species are described, as well as results of experiments that attempted to generate and characterize this active oxidant spectroscopically after reacting ferric P450 enzymes with peroxy compounds or single oxygen atom donors.

TL;DR: X-ray crystallography has revealed the key structural elements of the binuclear manganese active site complex that can serve as the starting point for computational studies on the protein.

TL;DR: This review describes the historical difficulties in devising a kinetically satisfactory mechanism for the classical catalase after its identification as a unique catalytic entity in 1902 and prior to the breakthrough 1947 analysis by Chance and co-workers which led to the identification of peroxide compounds I and II.

TL;DR: The results indicate that cytoplasmic Pa28αβ and nuclear Pa28γ may both be important regulators of proteasome's ability to degrade oxidatively-damaged proteins, and induced-expression of both 20S proteasomes and immunoproteasome, and their Pa28 αβ and Pa 28γ regulators are important for oxidative-stress adaptation.

TL;DR: The chemical origins of the allosteric interactions responsible both for switching the α-site on and off, and for triggering the conformational changes between open and closed states which prevent the escape of indole from the bienzyme complex are discussed.

TL;DR: Results indicate that CLPr is a beneficial food material for the prevention of hyperglycemia and obesity.

TL;DR: The history of antibody engineering by yeast surface display, approaches used in its application, and a number of examples highlighting the utility of this method for antibody engineering are summarized.

TL;DR: The identification of proteins that exist as an equilibrium of diverse native quaternary structure assemblies has the potential to define new targets for allosteric modulation with significant consequences for further understanding and/or controlling protein structure and function.

TL;DR: The atomic structures of four new inhibitors complexed with GDH complexes have identified three different allosteric binding sites, which are elucidating the atomic mechanisms of allostery in this complex enzyme.

TL;DR: Cocoa intake affects the growth of certain species of gut microbiota in rats and is associated with changes in the TLR pattern which could be responsible for the changes observed in the intestinal immune system.

TL;DR: This review surveys the available research to explore why unmodified polyprenols have been conserved in evolution and whypolyprenyl-phosphates are universally and specifically utilized for membrane-bound glycan assembly.

TL;DR: The use of different specific inhibitors of these transporters as well as knockout mice enabled us to conclude that MRP2 and BCRP are involved in the extrusion of trans-resveratrol glucuronide and sulfate to the intestinal lumen without the participation of P-gp.

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of the dynamics of domain movements during CYPOR catalysis are summarized and the role of the NOS diflavin reductase domain in the regulation of NOS isozyme activities is summarized.