Showing papers in "Atmospheric Research in 1991"
206 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a re-evaluation of the data is attempted considering the dependence of the measurements' conversion on both the relative humidity and the exposure time, and newly estimated surface daily ozone values in Athens (1901-1940) vary around 20 ppb and reach their maximum and minimum values during the periods April-June and October-December respectively.
86 citations
64 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an empirical model of the structure of upper-layer clouds is proposed, which includes data on the frequency of occurrence, amount, temperature, height, phase structure and microstructure of Ci (cirrus) clouds.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a stochastic model based on the theory of point process is used to describe the temporal process of precipitation jointly with scaling properties of rainfall, for the purpose of linking analytically changes predicted by GCMs to local modifications of the precipitation patterns under the global change.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an atmospheric diffusion model for pollutants emitted from multiple area sources in an urban area was developed and the equation of mass continuity and the well-known wind profiles for surface layer were considered.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the form of the distribution governing rainfall intensity of various durations in a regional context is investigated using the method of L -moments, and the results indicate that the currently used Gumbel type I distribution is not generally valid for all the durations considered in this analysis.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the accuracy of a tipping bucket rain gauge has been tested and a methodology for raw data corrections has been presented, in addition to the nonlinearity of the sensor, the corrections for double tipping and for bucket volume have been taken into account.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of sand particles in the charge separation process was compared with that of ice crystals in other laboratory studies with a view to understanding the physical mechanism of thunderstorm electrification.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the significance of the rainfall movement on the runoff generation process and give suggestions how rainfall movement parameters may be used in runoff modelling, which is not represented in presently available urban runoff simulation models.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Nitrate, ammonium and phosphate have been monitored from June to October 1989 in rain water collected at the Magdalen Islands (Gulf of St Lawrence, Quebec, Canada).
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that aerosol particles left behind after evaporation of a cloud may provide a source of latent ice-forming nuclei for formation of some of the cirrus clouds.
TL;DR: In this paper, microphysical measurements were made using two instrumented aircraft: a Twin Otter and a DC-3 during the Canadian Atlantic Storms Program (CASP) field project conducted from 15 January to 15 March 1986.
TL;DR: In this paper, the United States diurnal temperature range trend over the past 63 years exhibits characteristics that appear related to the time course of global industrial productivity, and implicates SO2-modulated energy balance perturbations rather than the CO2 greenhouse effect as the agent responsible for the decreasing temperature range of the past three decades.
TL;DR: In this article, a growth model is applied to the results of hailstone structure analysis with the purpose of obtaining information about the conditions existing in the cloud region where growth has occurred, and simulated hail trajectories indicate that the process, initialized at the stage where embryos of about 0.5mm radius are assumed to grow by droplet collection, had lasted 40-50 min.
TL;DR: In this paper, the oxygen isotopic composition of freshly fallen snow has been measured simultaneously with ice-crystal photography at a high altitude station in the central Sierra Nevada, and the results show that the degree of riming and the δ 18 O value of the ice particles correlate positively for six of the six storms samples, except at times of strong convective activity.
TL;DR: In this article, a simulation has been carried out to evaluate the maximum possible range of use of LCR and the sensitivity of classical attenuation correction procedures to the radar calibration accuracy.
TL;DR: In this article, the characteristic features of the flow and the kinematic behavior of isolated hydrometeors in calm air are discussed in detail by consideration of a variety of literature.
TL;DR: In this paper, a 0.4 km2 urban drainage catchment with eight rain gauges and eight waterlevel gauges during two summer seasons was used to show how the areal variability of rainfalls influences runoffs calculated by a simulation program.
TL;DR: In the case of the Coordinated-Air-Sea Experiment (CASE) over the western North Atlantic Ocean, a diurnal solar radiation effect on concentration and chemical composition of small sulfate-containing particles (0.2 μm
TL;DR: In this article, the aerodynamic behavior of ice crystals growing under cloud conditions was theoretically analyzed, and on the basis of this analysis, a time-dependent expression that reasonably fit several experimental data of crystal fall velocity was obtained.
TL;DR: In this article, the results from a statistical study of SO2 and smoke concentration data recorded by the urban Athens area network were presented. But the authors focused on SO2 only since there was a long and reliable time series of recorded data.
TL;DR: In this article, the runoff caused by a moving rain storm of time-varying rain intensity from a complex drainage basin is derived assuming constant concentration times for the different systems within the basin.
TL;DR: In this article, electrical, microphysical and dynamical conditions in ground-based clouds were studied using the observations carried out at Mahabaleshwar (17°56′N, 73°40′E; 1382 m ASL), a hill station, during the summer monsoon season of 1977.
TL;DR: In this paper, some results related to the Polish modification of the rational method and the rainfall calculation are presented in the context of urban rainfall runoff phenomena in the country of Poland.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pure rainfall kinematics on peak flow in urban sewers was investigated and the results showed that the pure movement of the rain may be significant on an individual basis (at least up to 19% difference in discharge), while it is not important to the peak discharge from a statistical point of view (up to 5%).
TL;DR: In this paper, upper-air and surface data revealed that deep 0°C layers tended to occur ahead of low-pressure centers and that the low centres often tracked along the surface rain-snow boundary.
TL;DR: In this paper, the selection of actual historical storms for drainage system analysis is presented as an alternative to theoretical design storms, selection considerations include rain gauge data quality, correcting rain gauge errors, as well as choosing long-enough and the right data subseries.
TL;DR: In this article, frequency distributions of the heights of convective clouds observed in different regions in India during the hot weather and monsoon seasons have been investigated in order to study the growth mechanisms of such clouds.
TL;DR: In this article, the mean tropospheric soundings collected during an 11-year period (1960-1970) from some eight upper-air stations in West Africa were used to compute values of monthly mean static stability measure θ−1ϖθ/ϖz, from 1000-hPa up to the 100hPa level (for each 50hPa layer) over the southern belt (Lat. 4-6°N), the northern belt (lat. 13-14°N) and the entire area of West Africa.