Showing papers in "Atmospheric Research in 1993"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived the Kohler parameterization of the nucleation process for clouds and aerosols and compared it with a size-resolving Lagrangian parcel model.

TL;DR: In this article, a charge advection process is proposed to explain lightning bipoles in the stratiform regions of Mesoscale Convective Systems (SCCS) and an in-situ charging mechanism is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the roughness length for momentum was estimated to be 0.19 m with an error range of 0.10-0.35 m for the 1987 FIFE experiment in Kansas.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured natural ice nuclei in winter continental airmasses with a continuous flow thermal gradient diffusion chamber (described in a separate paper) over the range of temperatures −7°C to −20°C, and found that the concentration of icicles was closely related to ice supersaturation (SSI) for humidities both below and above water saturation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a 2D cloud ensemble model with a relatively high resolution (1.5 km) of the finite-difference grid to investigate the coastal effects on cloud generation and convective type precipitation during the cold season in the Eastern Mediterranean.

TL;DR: In this paper, five holograms of cloud droplet populations have been recorded in-situ during an extended stratus cloud event with a ground-based HODAR (Holographic Droplet and Aerosol Recording system) on the Kleiner Feldberg Mountain Observatory near Frankfurt (Germany).

TL;DR: In this article, a method was presented to obtain information about shape and riming of snow crystals above the ground by use of vertical Doppler radar, and an empirical relation between the observed degree of riming and the mean DoPler velocity of snow particles was established.

TL;DR: In this article, a diffusion-kinetic theory of droplet growth, which includes the effects of thermal accomodation and condensation coefficients, numerically soluble relationships are derived for (S−1), r and t.

TL;DR: In this paper, an approach was used to determine trace substances in a multiphase atmospheric system, their distribution and the extent of homogeneity of both the droplets and interstitial particles with respect to chemical composition.

TL;DR: In the context of the European Arctic Stratosperic Ozone Experiment (EASOE) and the Tropospheric Ozone Research (TOR) program, the authors in this article performed twenty ozone soundings over Athens, Greece (37.9°N, 23.8°E) during the period from December 1991 to March 1992.

TL;DR: In this article, a cold core low pressure system developed over central Alberta that produced heavy rainfall, and the spatial organization of cloud and precipitation was analyzed using measurements from a polar-orbiting satellite, weather radar scans, synoptic surface reports and sounding data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the volume extinction coefficient employing a laser transmission path through the atmospheric boundary layer of the city of Leipzig is presented, and the working conditions of a long path measurement and the calibration are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, precipitation particle trajectories and precipitation phase changes aloft and at the surface both play important roles in determining the nature of the transition regions in precipitation type transitions, where visibility is often least in this region of a storm and distinct radar features sometimes occur.

TL;DR: In this paper, a split-window algorithm was proposed to retrieve the sea surface temperature (SST) in midlatitude atmospheric conditions. But the accuracy achieved for SST is 0.5 K, which is the limit accuracy that can be obtained from AVHRR measurements over midlatitudes.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that during freezing precipitation, particles can be much warmer than the air which will promote supersaturation and hence fog, despite being colder than the environment.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the charge separation when water drops splash on a brass surface is about an order of magnitude higher than when they splash on surfaces typical of ground surface, such as soil, silica or grass on which raindrops generally splash on the earth's surface.

TL;DR: In this paper, two instability indices, I 7 and I 5, are developed to forecast the occurrence of severe weather phenomena in West Africa, which are defined as the difference between the equivalent potential temperatures at 1000 hPa and 700 hPa.

TL;DR: In this article, two different methods are proposed to calculate the radar reflectivity from the aircraft data in the ice phase region, based on the use of a roughness parameter estimated from the analysis of the two-dimensional particle images of ice precipitation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a cloud of supercooled droplets was formed within a large chest freezer and the cloud was drawn through a tube to form a deposit of rime on a metal target rod mounted within it.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a graupel surface was positively charged if it was growing by vapour diffusion and negatively if it were evaporating when the air jet fragmented the surface, and that the charge transfer process is associated with the removal of charged surface features.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a master equation to model coagulation kinetics in polydisperse multicomponent populations and analyzed the average behavior and the fluctutions using van Kampens ω-expansion.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between rain magnitude and frequency of occurence by observing maximum annual data with the parametric methods of fitting any of various theorical distributions or with the nonparametric method which does not require a distributional assumption.

TL;DR: In this article, daily measurements of surface [O3] and [NOx] from five stations in the Greater Athens Basin, over the period 1987-1988 are used in order to examine the main features of basinwide O3HCNOx relationships.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors made observations of the ice-crystal morphology of snow which fell at two sampling sites during a warm front followed by a cold front in the Sierra Nevada of the western United States.