Showing papers in "Bangladesh Journal of Botany in 2018"
TL;DR: In this paper, a field experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil during winter season of 2012-13, where the lowest weed dry weight and the highest nutrient content were recorded under 80 mm CPE.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil during winter season of 2012-13. The lowest weed dry weight and the highest nutrient content were recorded under 80 mm CPE. Significantly the highest grain and straw yield, total nutrients uptake, and the highest consumptive use of water (57.8 cm), rate of water use (4.52 mm/day), water use efficiency (87.3 kg/ha-cm) and soil profile moisture was extracted with irrigation at 40 mm CPE. Application of sulfosulfuron recorded significantly lowest weed biomass and the highest nutrient content and their uptake, grain and straw yield, and maximum consumptive use of water (51.5 cm), rate of water use (4.02 mm/day), water use efficiency (91.3 kg/ha-cm) and soil profile moisture extraction over metribuzin and it was at par with metsulfuron-methyl. Grain (6.57 kg/ha) and straw yield (12.3 kg/ha) will be reduced by an increased in unit dry matter production in weeds.
54 citations
TL;DR: Significant improvement in LAI, number of trifoliate, SPAD value of green leaf chlorophyll, dry matter accumulation, yield, harvest index (%) and nutrient content of mungbean were recorded due to application of 75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha vermicompost + Rhizobium + phosphorus solublizing bacteria.
Abstract: Significant improvement in LAI, number of trifoliate, SPAD value of green leaf chlorophyll, dry matter accumulation, yield, harvest index (%) and nutrient content of mungbean were recorded due to application of 75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha vermicompost (VC) + Rhizobium (Rh)+ phosphorus solublizing bacteria (PSB), followed by 100% RDF + 2.5 t/ha VC and 100% RDF + Rh + PSB. The highest seed yield of mungbean was obtained with the application of 75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha VC + Rh + PSB (12.34 q /ha) followed by 100% RDF + 2.5 t/ha VC (12.05 q /ha) and 100% RDF + Rh+ PSB (11.95 q /ha).
43 citations
TL;DR: Drought stress affected barley yield through impaired grain development and grain filling duration and needed further exploration about the physiological mechanism and management strategies to overcome drought stress related yield losses in barley crop.
Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress at start of anthesis (applied by adjusting the field capacities at 100, 50 and 30%) on barley growth, grain filling duration, grain shape, yield and quality attributes. The effect of drought stress was more prominent on plant fresh biomass accumulation, grain yield and grain filling duration. However, it produced non-significant effect on total number of tillers and grain protein contents. With the increasing intensity of drought stress, barley growth and yield traits significantly diminished. Water stress gradually shortened the plant height and biomass accumulation but the difference was more prominent in fresh biomass accumulation (– 45%) over dry biomass accumulation. The field capacity of 30% caused 29 - 41% reduction in leaf chlorophyll content and 10 - 27% in grain quality traits. Root fresh and dry biomass accumulation decreased by drought stress while root length increased. Drought stress produced uneven grain size that resulted in lower grain yield (42%) specially at 30% field capacity. This reduction in yield was also due to the decreased grain filling duration (38 d) at 30% field capacity as compared to 100% field capacity. So, it may be concluded that drought stress affected barley yield through impaired grain development and grain filling duration. The results of present study are satisfactory and needed further exploration about the physiological mechanism and management strategies to overcome drought stress related yield losses in barley crop.
28 citations
TL;DR: The present report is the first record of Corynespora citricola and Fusarium flocciferum from Bangladesh and association of C. guepinii and Syncephalastrum sp.
Abstract: Nineteen species of fungi namely, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresineus, A. niger Van. Tieghhm, Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) ex. Fr., C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Corynespora citricola M.B. Ellis, Curvularia lunata Wakker, Fusarium flocciferum Corda, F. nivale (Fr.) Ces., Fusarium Link, Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff & Moubl, Monilia Pers., Mucor Fresen, Penicillium Link, Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay., Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kuhn, Rhizopus stolonifer Bull. and Syncephalastrum Schroet were found to be associated with the diseased fruits of Carica papaya L. Among the isolated fungi C. gloeosporioides, F. nivale and Fusarium sp. were found to be pathogenic for both red and yellow cultivar Shahi papaya. Association of C. lunata, F. nivale, P. guepinii and Syncephalastrum sp. with papaya is a new record. The present report is the first record of Corynespora citricola and Fusarium flocciferum from Bangladesh.
25 citations
TL;DR: Five pathogenic fungi viz., Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Drechslera oryzae Breda de Haan, Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon and Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay were isolated from two rice varieties by Blotter and Tissue planting methods.
Abstract: Five pathogenic fungi viz., Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Drechslera oryzae Breda de Haan (Subramanian and Jain), Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon and Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay. were isolated from two rice varieties viz., BRRI 29 (Boro) and Pajam (Aman) by Blotter and Tissue planting methods. Ten fungicides i.e. Bavistin 50 WP, Salcox 50 WP, Dithane M-45, Indofil M-45, Tall 25 EC, Ridomil MZ Gold, MC Sulphur 80, Greengel, Hayvit 80 WP and Capvit 50 WP at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm were evaluated against the above mentioned five pathogenic fungi. Tall 25 EC completely inhibited the radial growth of the test fungi at all the concentrations except Fusarium moniliforme. Antifungal properties of ethanol extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk., Tagetes erecta L., Datura metel L., Senna alata (L.) Roxb., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Citrus medica L., Mangifera indica L., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Nerium indicum Mill. and Allium sativum L. at 5, 10 and 20% concentrations were evaluated against the five test pathogens. All the plant extracts completely inhibited the radial growth of the test fungi at 20% concentration except Asparagus racemosus.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, different fungal strains were isolated from the local soil, fruits and vegetables on the basis of pectin hydrolysis and the selected strain was further subjected to optimization through different physical and nutritional parameters to enhance the production of Pectinase.
Abstract: Different fungal strains were isolated from the local soil, fruits and vegetables on the basis of pectin hydrolysis. All the isolated strains were identified through microscopic studies and screened for pectinase production using solid state fermentation. The fungal strain identified as Aspergillus niger IBT-7 showed the highest pectinase production. The selected strain was further subjected to optimization through different physical and nutritional parameters to enhance the production of pectinase. Amongst seven different media tested M1 containing rice bran, moistened with Czapek’s nutrient medium showed the highest pectinase production. During optimization maximum pectinase production was achieved after 72 hrs of incubation at 30 ml of moisture content, pH 5.0 and 30°C. Xylose (1.5%) and yeast extract (1%) proved to be best supplemented carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively which gave the highest pectinase production (39.1 U/ml/min).
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of reduction of storage losses of potato tubers, based on their exposure to UV-C irradiation, can complement the presently used methods of potato crop protection during long-term storage.
Abstract: Ultraviolet radiation in the C band to limit storage losses of potato was applied. Six edible potato varieties, viz., Lord, Vineta, Owacja, Ditta, Finezja and Tajfun were used as test materials. UV-C radiation was emitted from a 15 W radiator. The wavelength of the light used to irradiate potato tubers was 253,7 nm and the power density from 80 to 100 μW/cm2. The method of reduction of storage losses of potato tubers, based on their exposure to UV-C irradiation, can complement the presently used methods of potato crop protection during long-term storage.
16 citations
TL;DR: Among the explants earliest callusing initiated at 5th day from nodal segment and the highest amount of callus was recorded from leaf blade of Motihari variety in light condition, and the calli developed in dark showed watery, glossy silver color and less embryogenic features.
Abstract: To determine the effect of light and dark on callus induction and plant regeneration from five different explants of three tobacco varieties were studied. Normal white light (3000 lux) and dark conditions were considered for callus induction. Among the explants earliest callusing initiated at 5th day from nodal segment and the highest amount of callus (97.20%) was recorded from leaf blade of Motihari variety in light condition. The lowest callusing was recorded 24.40% in dark condition for root of Virginia variety and it was initiated after 13 days of culture initiation. The calli developed in dark showed watery, glossy silver color and less embryogenic features. The highest plant regeneration (95.56%) was recorded from nodal segment in light which was around five times higher than root in dark for Motihari variety. Nodal segments that received light (treatment) showed maximum relative growth rate (4.58) for Motihari variety while the lowest value was 0.91 scored from root of Virginia variety which received dark treatment.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial pattern of vegetation composition and its relationship to microclimatic and edaphic factors was examined in the mixed Pinus roxburghii Surgent and Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson forests of Nandiar Khuwar catchment Battagram District of Pakistan.
Abstract: Present study was conducted in the mixed Pinus roxburghii Surgent and Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson forests of Nandiar Khuwar catchment Battagram District of Pakistan. The aim of this study was to examine the spatial pattern of vegetation composition and its relationship to microclimatic and edaphic factors. Vegetation sampling was carried out using 12 stands between elevations of 1250 - 2050 m in the study area. Four plant communities were recognized through TWINSPAN classification. Life form was dominated by nanophanerophytes and leaf size spectra were dominated by microphyll. The maximum similarity index value (32.9) was recorded between P. roxburghii, P. wallichiana, Q. incana community and Q. incana, P. roxburghii, P. wallichiana community. In Bray-Curtis ordination, maximum ordination score (0.746) was recorded for axis 1. In DCA ordination, maximum gradient length (2.43) was recorded for axis 1 with eigenvalue 0.35. In CCA ordination, maximum eigenvalue was recorded for axis 1 (0.35). The total variance (inertia) in the species data was 2.15, explanatory variables account for 100%. On axis 1 the maximum correlation (−0.749) and maximum tau value (−0.565) was recorded for wet bulb. On axis 2 the maximum negative correlation value was recorded for temperature (−0.553) and maximum tau value was recorded for slope aspect (−0.480).
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a halotolerant, heterocystous and nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc calcicola Breb grow successfully on saline-alkaline soils of Eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Abstract: Saline-alkaline (Usar) soils have high pH and undesirable salts on their surface. A halotolerant, heterocystous and nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc calcicola Breb. BREB grow successfully on salinealkaline soils of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Soil pot experimentation has been conducted in laboratory condition to study the reclamation of saline-alkaline soils collected from investigated site. Both sterilized and natural soils were taken in earthen pots to observe the changes in soil properties inoculated with cyanobacteria and gypsum. In such treated soils significant decrease in pH, ECe and Na + have been observed with cyanobacterial application. There also occurs a significant increase in organic carbon. Experimental reclamation of such soils has been found with cyanobacteria with or without gypsum. N. calcicola + gypsum seem to be a suitable combination for reclamation of saline-alkaline soils. This study highlights that a biological amendment with halotolerant cyanobacteria and gypsum in combination shows better option for bioremediation of saline-alkaline (Usar soils).
14 citations
TL;DR: Genetic diversity in commercial cucumber genotypes was estimated based on 13 characters and path analysis revealed that fruits/plant and fruit weight had maximum positive direct effect on yield.
Abstract: Genetic diversity in commercial cucumber genotypes was estimated based on 13 characters. Path analysis revealed that fruits/plant (0.701) and fruit weight (0.379) had maximum positive direct effect on yield. Seven cucumber genotypes were grouped into three different clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance (4.078) was observed between cluster I and II whereas lowest inter-cluster distance (1.011) was observed between the clusters I and III. Cluster II showed highest mean for length of main vine, nodes/plant, primary branches/plant, days to 1st male flowering, length of internodes/plant, fruits/plant and yield/plant whereas cluster III produced highest mean for leaf length, leaf breadth, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight. Cluster II and III contributed 53.85 and 38.46%, respectively towards divergence.
TL;DR: A new species and a new variety of Durio Adanson from West Kalimantan are described namely, Durio tanjungpurensis Z.I. tanj Jungpurens is described, which is related to D. testudinarum Becc.
Abstract: A new species and a new variety of Durio Adanson from West Kalimantan are described namely, Durio tanjungpurensis Z.I. Navia, sp. nov. and D. tanjungpurensis var. tembaganensis Navia, var. nov. The new species has small fruits (5 - 8 cm in diam), brown to yellowish green pericarp, milky white thin aril (<1 mm), and not edible. It is related to D. testudinarum Becc. Durio tanjungpurensis varies in its flower and fruit characters. The new variety differed from D. tanjungpurensis Z.I. Navia, sp. nov. in six characters, i.e. leaf ovate, petal oblanceolate with apex round, fruits on the branches, on the stem, at the base of trunk, no-spine area in fruit apex, pericarp green to yellowish green, aril only 20 - 40% covering the seeds.
TL;DR: Investigation on the sublittoral seaweed flora collected from 0.5 to 10 m depth during late March and April, 2013 from six localities around the St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh has revealed the presence of 39 seaweed taxa, 12 under Rhodophyceae, 11 under ChlorophyCEae and 16 under PhaeophyceAE.
Abstract: Investigation on the sublittoral seaweed flora collected from 0.5 to 10 m depth during late March and April, 2013 from six localities around the St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh has revealed the presence of 39 seaweed taxa, 12 under Rhodophyceae, 11 under Chlorophyceae and 16 under Phaeophyceae. Of these Avrainvillea amadelpha (Montagne) Gepp et Gepp (green), Pocockiella variegata (Lamx.) Papenfuss, Spatoglossum asperum J. Ag., Spatoglossum variabile Figari et De Notaris and Sargassum pallidum (Turner) C. Agardh (browns) are new records for Bangladesh.
TL;DR: It is observed that the foliar application of micronutrients mixture in combination with nitrogen is the most suitable method to increase the onion production.
Abstract: Commercially available foliar spray labeled as ‘Planto-fuel’ increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) most of the growth traits viz., leaf length, bulb diameter (7.6 cm), bulb length (5.9 cm), leaves fresh weight/plant, neck fresh weight/plant, bulb fresh weight/plant (166.6 g) and plant fresh weight. It also produced the maximum yield (14.2 tons/ha) while the basal application of DAP significantly increased the number of leaves/plant and 2nd best results in yield whereas the lowest yield was observed through water spray. It is observed that the foliar application of micronutrients mixture in combination with nitrogen is the most suitable method to increase the onion production.
TL;DR: Drought stress decreased leaf water absorption capacity and real water content and increase relative water content in genotypes of chickpea and it decreased chlorophyll a and b content.
Abstract: Drought stress decreased leaf water absorption capacity and real water content and increase relative water content in genotypes of chickpea. It decreased chlorophyll a and b content. Drought increased peroxidase superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase in stress groups. Proline content increased drastically index stress condition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of mulching, liming and farm yard manures on productivity and quality of maize on a sandy loam soil at Agricultural Research Farm of ICAR RC NEH Region Nagaland Centre, Jharnapani, Medziphema during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2010-12 under the rainfed conditions of Eastern Himalaya.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulching, liming and farm yard manures on productivity and quality of maize on a sandy loam soil at Agricultural Research Farm of ICAR RC NEH Region Nagaland Centre, Jharnapani, Medziphema during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2010-12 under the rainfed conditions of Eastern Himalaya. Treatment comprised of two mulches (without mulch and straw mulch) in main plot, four levels of lime (control, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 t/ha) in sub plot and three levels of farm yard manures (4, 8 and 12 t/ha) in sub-sub plot and replicated thrice in split-split plot design. The significant improvement in yield attributes (cob length, number of rows/cob, number of grain/row, number of grain/cob and 1000-grain weight), yields (grain, stover and biological), economics (gross, net returns and benefit: cost ratio) and quality attributes (carbohydrate, starch and sugar) of maize were recorded in straw mulched plot over no mulch in both the years. The straw mulching recorded 15.9 and 16.5% increase in grain yield and 20.4 and 22.2% in stover yield over no mulch. Application of 0.6 t lime/ha in furrow recorded the significantly higher yield attributes, grain yield (3.85 and 3.97 t/ha), stover yield (4.16 and 4.33 t/ha), gross return (41.87 and 43.25 ×10 3 /ha), net return (28.45 and 29.83 ×10 3 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.55 and 1.63) and quality attributes over rest of the levels, respectively. Application of farm yard manures @ 12 t/ha noted significantly higher yield attributes yield and quality attributes of maize over rest of the treatments. Similar effect of these treatments was observed on gross return of Rs. 40.75 and 41.78 × 10 3 / ha, net return of Rs. 27.5 and Rs. 28.53 × 10 3 /ha and benefit : cost ratio of 1.52 and 1.57 in both the years, respectively.
TL;DR: Results indicate that Cystoseira compressa and Laurencia obtusa can be good feedstocks for bioethanol production.
Abstract: Algae are renewable sources of feedstock for bioethanol that can be grown on non arable lands, non productive water sources and inexpensive culture systems. Red seaweed Laurencia obtusa and brown seaweeds Cystoseira compressa, Colpomenia sinuosa were analysed by determining sugar content by HPLC and converted into suitable fermentable feedstock by NaOH, H2SO4, HCl and H3PO4 at concentrations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% at 21°C of 20 minutes. The efficiency of hydrolysis significantly improved by 5% HCl for Laurencia obtusa at 42.84 g sugar/100 g dry biomass. Pretreatment of Cystoseira compressa and Colpomenia sinuosa with 3 and 5% H3PO4 gave higher sugar content of 30.51 and 41.34 g/100 g dry biomass, respectively. A relatively high level ethanol of 0.146 g/g dry biomass of Laurencia obtusa was produced. Results indicate that Cystoseira compressa and Laurencia obtusa can be good feedstocks for bioethanol production.
TL;DR: Temperature (36°C) at pre-flowering stage of mungbean showed lower leaf conductance than others, but photosynthesis decreased but transpiration rate was not affected by the temperature treatments.
Abstract: Temperature (36 o C) at pre-flowering stage of mungbean showed lower leaf conductance than others. Photosynthesis decreased but transpiration rate was not affected by the temperature treatments. Ambient temperature showed the highest yield. Yields at the temperature 36 o C at pre-flowering, flowering and grain filling stages were identical. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is one of the most important crops of global economic importance. It has raceme type of inflorescence with asynchronous flowering and poding. It has yield potential of around 2000 kg/ha but productivity is low (864 kg/ha). The number of fruits with developing seeds increases after fruit setting stage and reaches to maximum seed growth stage but during this period the plant is still growing vegetative. Therefore, developing reproductive sinks are competing for assimilates with vegetative sinks. Number of fruits and seeds is related with photosynthetic rate that determines through leaf area and dry matter production. Per cent solar radiation interception and rate of dry matter production increased with leaf area development (Hamid et al. 1990). Mungbean yield is predetermined by the potential of a given variety and the environment. Optimum temperature for potential yield of mungbean lies between 28 - 30 o C
TL;DR: To see the effect of farmyard manure, vermicompost and Trichoderma alone and in combination on flowering and corm yield in gladiolus a field experiment was conducted.
Abstract: To see the effect of farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost and Trichoderma alone and in combination on flowering and corm yield in gladiolus a field experiment was conducted. Application of vermicompost + Trichoderma resulted in early spike emergence, floret colour show, opening of first floret and increased diameter of first, third and fifth floret. Maximum length of spike, no. of florets/spike and duration of flowering was registered with application of farmyard manure. Treatment FYM + vermicompost significantly enhanced shelf life of first and third floret. However, maximum weight of corms/plant and diameter of corm recorded with FYM + vermicompost + Trichoderma and FYM + vermicompost treatments, respectively.
TL;DR: The spores of Orthotrichum lyellii and O. anomalum showed the apertural region consists of a leptoma in their spores, reflecting the species’ taxonomic relationships.
Abstract: The spores of Orthotrichum lyellii Hook & Taylor, O. speciosum Nees, O. affine Schrad. ex Brid., O. rupestre Schleich. ex Schwagr., O. anomalum Hedw. and O. cupulatum Hoffm. ex Brid. showed the apertural region consists of a leptoma in their spores. Two spore types are characterized by their surface ornamentation, reflecting the species’ taxonomic relationships. The spore shape of all the species is spheroid. The spore size ranged from 7 to 23 μm in the genus Orthotrichum. While the surface ornamentation is verrucate in O. speciosum and O. affine, it is gemmate in O. lyellii, O. rupestre, O. anomalum and O. cupulatum. The spore walls of the family Orthotrichaceae include sclerine (the distinction between exine and perine might be difficult to define) and intine. The examined moss species belong to two habitat types: corticolous and saxicolous. The taxonomic and ecological implications of the genus Orthotrichum were discussed on the basis of its spore morphology.
TL;DR: A field experiment involving five organic formulations viz., cow urine, vermiwash, neem seed extract, fish wash normal water (control) and three levels of NPK was conducted at Varanasi during Kharif season (July-April) 2014-15 to evaluate the effect of different organic formulations and NPK fertilization on pigeonpea as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A field experiment involving five organic formulations viz., cow urine, vermiwash, neem seed extract, fish wash normal water (control) and three levels of NPK viz., 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 75% RDF and 100% RDF with total 15 treatment combinations in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Varanasi during Kharif season (July-April) 2014-15 to evaluate the effect of different organic formulations and NPK fertilization on pigeonpea. Results showed that increasing level of NPK up to 100% RDF significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes, grain and straw yield. Among the treatment combinations, combined application of 100% RDF + vermiwash proved superior over other treatments, these recorded the highest growth yield attributes, gross returns, and net returns while B : C ratio was the highest under 100% RDF in combination with cow urine.
TL;DR: Considering the correlation and path analysis flag leaf area, productive tiller per plant, 1000-grain weight and harvest index are important characters to be considered for yield improvement.
Abstract: Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Flag leaf area (0.643**), productive tillers per plant (0.450**), 1000-grain weight (0.785**) and harvest index (0.920**) showed positive and strong significant association with grain yield per plant at genotypic level whereas plant height (–0.418*) and per cent spikelet sterility (–0.489**) possessed significant negative correlation with grain yield per plant. Flag leaf area (0.157) productive tillers per plant (0.481), 1000-grain weight (0.228), growth duration (0.080) and harvest index (0.544) exhibited direct effect on grain yield. Considering the correlation and path analysis flag leaf area, productive tiller per plant, 1000-grain weight and harvest index are important characters to be considered for yield improvement.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: HA affected in different degrees the various parameters of leaf anatomy of barley seedlings grown in both normal and saline conditions, and this difference was statistically important.
Abstract: The effects of humic acid (HA) pretreatment on the seed germination, seedling growth and leaf anatomy of barley under both normal and saline conditions were studied. HA application partly reduced the final germination percentage, coleoptile percentage, radicle lenght, radicle number and fresh weight of barley germinated under normal conditions while it showed statistically the same effect as the control on the coleoptile length. In parallel with concentration rise, salt inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of barley. The inhibitive effect of salt on the seed germination and seedling growth was alleviated in varying degrees by HA pretreatment. Moreover, salinity of the medium caused changes in the leaf anatomy of seedlings. HA affected in different degrees the various parameters of leaf anatomy of barley seedlings grown in both normal and saline conditions, and this difference was statistically important.
TL;DR: In this paper, the most suitable culture medium formulation to induce slow-growth and reduce the frequency of sub-culturing of the in vitro conserved microplants of the two potato genotypes at 24 ± 1oC was conducted.
Abstract: To find out the most suitable culture medium formulation to induce slow-growth and reduce the frequency of sub-culturing of the in vitro conserved microplants of the two potato genotypes at 24 ± 1oC was conducted. Growth was controlled by using different concentrations of sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol (30 g/l) alone or in combination with either mannitol (15, 20 and 25 g/l) or sorbitol (15, 20 and 25 g/l) in murashige and Skoog medium. The results showed that single treatment (Sucrose or mannitol or sorbitol alone) was not feasible for long-term conservation. Combined treatment was responding better and maximum microplant survived (80.82 - 83.15%) after 12 months of storage on (T-8) medium supplemented with 10 g/l sucrose and 20 g/l sorbitol. In this formulation microplants were in very good condition, without phenotypic abnormalities and had enough nodes for sub-culturing up to 12 months. Microplant survival and condition were closely associated with each other but not with root growth.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined the succession after a fire that occured in 1997 in the vicinity of Cekem and Halfeti villages, near Sanliurfa, Turkey work was carried out.
Abstract: To determine the succession after a fire that occured in 1997 in the vicinity of Cekem and Halfeti villages, near Sanliurfa, Turkey work was carried out. The floristic changes in the area were observed during first six years and in the tenth year after the fire. The dominant species of burnt vegetation had a tendency to return towards a state similiar to the existined before fire. Most of the species prior to fire (98.7%) reappeared within the first six years and the vegetation nearly reached the prefire physiognomy. At the end of ten years, no significant differences in term of floristic composition and physiognomy were observed.
TL;DR: In this article, smoke water and biologically active compound butenolide (KAR1) isolated from smoke show stimulating effects on the plant growth of agricultural and horticultural crops, while little has been known on their effects on secondary metabolism of medicinal plants.
Abstract: Smoke-water (SW) and biologically active compound butenolide (KAR1) isolated from smoke show stimulating effects on the plant growth of agricultural and horticultural crops, while little has been known on their effects on the secondary metabolism of medicinal plants. Hairy root culture of Salvia miltiorrhiza , an important medicinal plant, was treated with SW and butenolide. The results showed that the contents of salvianolic acid (SAB) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were enhanced with the treatments of SW and KAR1. The expressions of genes (PAL, C4H, 4CL, TAT and HPPR) involved in phenolic acids biosynthesis were upregulated by treatments of SW and KAR1. Responses of C4H and 4CL to SW and KAR1 treatment were later than PAL, TAT and HPPR. It suggests that SW and KAR1have the potential to be used as elicitor to increase the accumulation of secondary metabolites in S. miltiorrhiza hairy root.
TL;DR: A23 may be suitable for use in the development of varieties resistant to bakanae rice disease and lower susceptibility were found in BR 23 and BR 11 Whereas, among the varieties and landraces the lowest was found in A23.
Abstract: Bakanae disease is widely distributed in all rice growing areas of the world. In Bangladesh, it is one of the major diseases of rice. Four methods were tested for management of this disease, of which, roguing proved ineffective in a field investigation. Among the 15 fungicides tested in vitro, all of them were found effective in various degrees against the pathogen of the disease. Best effective 4 were selected for seed treatment and know (50% carbendazim WP) was the most effective followed by folicur (25% Tebuconazole EC), protaf (25% Propiconazole EC) and celest extra (2.5% Fludioxonil and 2.5% Difenoconazole EC). In the field, foliar spray of folicur, knowin and protaf was found ineffective to control bakanae disease. Looking for resistant one, 46 BRRI released varieties, “Purbachi”- a Chinese variety and 40 landraces of BRRI germplasm were tested in vitro against the pathogen. All these varieties and landraces were susceptible to the test pathogen in various degrees. Among the released varieties lower susceptibility were found in BR 23 and BR 11. Whereas, among the varieties and landraces the lowest was found in A23. Therefore, A23 may be suitable for use in the development of varieties resistant to bakanae rice disease.