Showing papers in "Biomass in 1989"

TL;DR: Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) standing biomass and the primary productivity of undisturbed and previously harvested areas of papyrus was measured in Lake Naivasha swamp, Kenya as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, several methods of treating acid-hydrolyzed hardwood to reduce the levels of potential microbial inhibitors (acetate, furfural, sulfate, and phenolics) were evaluated.

TL;DR: It seems that polyethylene sleeves have the following advantages over open ponds: high light availability, high rate of heating and cooling, improved turbulence, relative lack of contamination, and prevention of evaporation and hence of fluctuation in salinity.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ball milling on the rate and selectivity of dilute acid saccharification of barley straw was investigated, and the results were successfully fitted by a proposed four-step kinetic model to describe the reaction system.

TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical composition of Arundo donax L. and Miscanthus sinensis sinensis Anderss has been investigated and the following experiments were performed: ash determination and ash characterization by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, determination of solubility in cyclohexane/ ethanol, hot water, 1% hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide; C, H and N determination; determination of Klason Lignin and acid soluble lignin content.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a downdraft, biomass gasifier-engine system is reported, where two types of diesel (direct injected and indirect injected) engines used in agricultural applications have been operated with the same gasifier system in the producer gas-cum-diesel, dual fuel mode.

TL;DR: The Technical Research Centre of Finland and Bioneer Oy have developed a fixed-bed gasifier for peat and biomass as mentioned in this paper, which has reached a commercial level, and there are ten operative gasifiers in Finland and Sweden.

TL;DR: A comprehensive study of the systems and equipment required to convert biogas into useful thermal and/or electrical energy was conducted, and the results published in the Handbook on Biogas Utilization (Walsh et al., Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 1988).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared high and low-pressure biogas used in the compression ignition dual-fuel engine with respect to variation of power and the corresponding characteristic curve of the engine.

TL;DR: In this paper, regression equations were developed to predict the biomass of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) crown components, and the results suggest the DBH was as good or better than any of the other variables for predicting foliage weight, but SWBC, SWBH or DBLC were slightly better for predicting branch weight.

TL;DR: In this article, different types of biomass such as wood shavings, cacao hulls, refuse derived fuel and Euphorbia tirucalli pellets were gasified in a bench scale, fluidized-bed reactor.

TL;DR: In this article, trials of several species grown at close spacing and cut at various ages were described and related to the growth and yield of more conventionally spaced plantings on an alluvial site in eastern Kansas.

TL;DR: The greenhouse effect is approximately half due to buildup of carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere, and a management response could lie with a massive tree-planting programme in the humid tropics, accompanied of course by vigorous measures to stem deforestation as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Erosional and economic analyses of herbaceous energy cropping on marginal sites in the Virginia Piedmont have been conducted in conjunction with a US Department of Energy-funded project as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used sweet sorghum juice as a partial or complete replacement for tap-water in mash preparation and fermentation and found that over 60% juice replacement inhibited yeast metabolism and thereby reduced yields.

TL;DR: The main thrust of this research has been directed toward the production of medium-energy gases which can be used directly as fuel gases or serve as feedstocks for the synthesis of liquid fuels such as alcohols or gasoline.

TL;DR: In this article, an operational experience with a topless hybrid wood gasifier powering a 3"75 kW diesel engine pumpset has been described, which has logged 250 h of operation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of spacing and application of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass production over a period of 6 years in poplar plantations in Southern Finland, and found that a spacing of 15 000 stems/ha gave the best yield after 4 years, but 5000 stems /ha was a more productive spacing in the next 2 years.

TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical stoichiometric equation for wood chip gasification in a commercial-scale moving bed downdraft gasifier was developed for wood-chip gasification, which is based on an analysis of experimental overall and elemental material balance data obtained with the gasifier.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Physico-chemical pretreatments with steam explosion to improve digestion in vitro of pine sawdust and found that SO 2 was the most efficient process for hydrolyzing hemicelluloses, as determined by the high content of soluble reducing sugars present in the washing liquor.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced the properties of biomass gasifiers and the gasifying reaction process, which was first used during World War II to convert unused agricultural and forestry residues into a clean, high-quality gas.

TL;DR: It is concluded that mixotrophic growth utilizing glucose is the most efficient process for producing photosynthetic biomass.

TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to determine biomass yield, composition and production costs for selected herbaceous species on marginal soils in the southeastern USA, where warm-and cool-season annual and perennial herbaceous crops were grown at four locations in Alabama.

TL;DR: These data provide guidelines for successful establishment of herbaceous perennial, warm-season grass biomass crops and show how two applications of paraquat spaced 3 weeks apart or a single application of glyphosate can be used to suppress sod before no-till plantings.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of water hydrolysis of southern yellow pine and SO2 hydrolyse of southern hardwood mixtures are presented. And a unified processing system of prehydrolysis and organosolv delignification is recommended.

TL;DR: The gross heat of combustion of holocellulose, α-celluloses, lignin and extractives isolated from Gmelina arborea (Roxb) was determined to be 19715, 19704, 25383 and 25137 kJ kg −1, respectively as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Gasification in the United States advanced rapidly in research and application from 1978 to 1984 as mentioned in this paper and many large fluidized-bed gasifiers were used to dry clay and to generate power.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss applications like irrigation pumping, village electrification and pump-set energisation in some detail, other significant applications include captive industrial power generation and MW-scale grid-fed power generation coupled to energy plantations on wastelands.

TL;DR: In order to increase the rate of juice extracted from the stems, a leaf stripper was developed as discussed by the authors, which was powered hydraulically and operated cooperatively with a stem cutter on a tractor.

TL;DR: In this article, Eucalyptus grandis and slash pine are propagated as rooted cuttings for biomass energy crops for southern and northern Florida, respectively on muck soil, superior E grandis progenies may produce up to 70 dry Mg ha−1 in 24 months.