Showing papers in "Chemical Geology in 1969"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present detailed calibrations which can be used in other laboratories for the ultra-rapid X-ray chemical analysis of rock powders for 38 major and trace elements.

TL;DR: In this paper, the population statistics for Cl, Br, I, HCO 3, SO 4, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Rb, Li, Sr, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr and Cu are presented, together with weighted, mean composition.

TL;DR: The Paradox Basin region is approximately bounded by the south flank of the Uinta Basin to the north, the Uncompahgre uplift and San Juan Mountains to the east, the Four Corners structural platform to the southeast, the north rim of the Black Mesa Basin and the Grand Canyon to the south and southwest, and the Wasatch Plateau and Hurricane fault system to the west as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors classified surface brines from Early Cambrian-Early Cretaceous formations into four groups: sub-group A, found in marine sediments or continental clastic fill, is chemically similar to the Early Palaeozoic brines, but even more differentiated.

TL;DR: The concentration of deep subsurface brines of the chloride-calcium chemical type normally increases with depth as discussed by the authors and the rate of increase ranges between 15,000 and 100,000 p.p.m. (50-300 mg/l/m).

TL;DR: In this article, the geochemical relationships between subsurface fluids and some of the geologic strata in the Anadarko Basin were determined using samples of brines, cores, and petroleums from Pennsylvanian and Mississippian age sediments.

TL;DR: The minor element composition of 823 oil-field water samples from the United States and Canada has been determined spectrochemically as discussed by the authors, and the determined concentrations have a wide range but commonly are: K and Sr, 100 + p.p.m.

TL;DR: The solubility of hydrocarbons in water varies as much as 5-6 orders of magnitude, depending upon the hydrocarbon type and molecular weight within a homologous series as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the relative transport rates of dissolved species through shale membranes as to their relative importance and the probable effect of temperature, pressure, and chemical concentrations of the aqueous solutions on the total efficiency of the shale membrane and the relative passage rates of the dissolved species.

TL;DR: Pore waters were analyzed from 6 holes drilled from M.V. "Eureka" as a part of the Shell Oil Co. deeper offshore study as discussed by the authors, and the holes were drilled in water depths of 600-3,000 ft. (approximately 180-550 m).

TL;DR: A series of scatter diagrams for the water samples indicates that potassium and hydrogen ion have a markedly different relationship to variations in salinity than do other group Ia elements as discussed by the authors, which suggests that the chemistry of the saline water is now controlled to a large extent by its mineralogical environment.

TL;DR: In this article, the Debye-Huckel relations for activity coefficients and lack of data on definition and stability of all associated species in concentrated solutions tend to produce underestimates of the degree of ion association, except where the brines contain a very high proportion of Cl −.

TL;DR: In this article, correlation coefficients for various pairs of elements in pelagic deposits demonstrate the presence of several inter-element associations, mainly due to the partition of elements between the different mineral phases present in the deposits, and, in the case of nodules, from variations in their depth of formation.

TL;DR: The argument that europium anomalies in igneous rocks and minerals are mainly caused by crystal chemistry without control by oxidation-reduction reactions is refuted on the grounds that the two effects cannot reasonably be separated in a crystallizing igneous melt.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used factor analysis to determine possible kinds of mineral equilibria; conclusions from factor analysis data are used to calculate ion products which are compared with equilibrium values.

TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution and inter-correlation of sodium, potassium, calcium, rubidium, barium, strontium and lead in 70 potassium feldspars from granitic rocks were examined.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the hypothesis of terrestrial impact origin for the Australian and east Asian tektite strewn field, which was supported by geochemical evidence, and examined the surface evidence expected from impact of a low density comet (analogous to the Tunguska event).

TL;DR: The most concentrated brines are found in the Permian rocks which occupy the intermediate section of the geologic column of this area as discussed by the authors, and they do not fit the often-predicted trend of increases in the calcium to chloride ratio, calcium content and salinity with depth and geologic age.

TL;DR: The strontium ( 87 86 ) ratios in ten samples of Permian limestones from eastern Kansas vary from 0.7070 to 0.91 as discussed by the authors, beyond the possible analytical error of ± 0.0003 per single analysis determined from sixteen analyses of an interlaboratory standard.

TL;DR: In this paper, a brief review of some of the processes which affect the chemical composition of interstitial waters is presented, and experimental results obtained by the writers indicate that the mineralization of squeezed-out solutions progressively decreases with increasing overburden pressure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the values for the U.S.G. silicate rock standards were obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis and a calibration method was used which involved spiking of the samples with small quantities of the elements to be measured.

TL;DR: The concentration of silica in the Dead Sea water ranges from about 13-17 p.p.m at the surface to about 8-10 p.m. at depth as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, two separate experiments were set up in order to evaluate subsampling variation for both major/minor and trace elements, and the results indicated that the replicated determinations of chromium, copper, lanthanum, and zirconium are still quite variable.

TL;DR: In this paper, gold content of parts of the core seems to be related to the mafic index, indicating that gold and copper may have been concomitantly crystallized from the magma.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the P.B.W.S. (Permian Basin Well Data System) scout-record magnetic-tape file as a framework in all computer operations.

TL;DR: The applicability of computer-oriented techniques to assist in the interpretation of brine data is demonstrated by the use of six programs on data from two example areas as discussed by the authors, including a data tabling routine; routines for producing Stiff, Piper, and Ropes diagrams; programs for calculating ionic ratios; and programs for plotting maps of chemical data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 contents of siliceous sinters, formed from different thermal waters, were discussed in terms of their SiO2 content.