Showing papers in "Chest in 2023"

TL;DR: In this paper , a cohort study of individuals undergoing baseline low-dose CT imaging for lung cancer screening between 201 and 2019 was conducted, which revealed both the positive aspects of CT scan screening and the challenges that remain.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used multivariate linear regressions to assess relationships between measured physiologic responses to challenges and neurocognitive scores and found significant relationships were identified between areas of fluid intelligence and measures of oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) during challenges.

TL;DR: In this paper , the impact of left ventricular systolic function on outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock remains uncertain and the association, if any, may be nonlinear.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors used sputum type 2 markers to predict the likelihood of remission after anti-IL-5 therapy in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.

TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive search was performed of studies evaluating the diagnostic yield of differing bronchoscopic technologies used to reach PPLs, with a total of 16,389 lesions from 126 studies included.

TL;DR: In this paper , Saleem et al. presented a systematic review and meta-analysis that evaluated the effectiveness of corticosteroids for pneumonia using very recently published data, such as the Extended Steroid in Use in Community Acquired Pneumonia (ESCAPe) study.

TL;DR: In this paper , a single dose of benralizumab resulted in significantly improved Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-6) score and 129Xe MRI ventilation defect percent (VDP) 28 days postinjection.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the association between treatment with ECMO and lower mortality in refractory AERF compared with standard care, and found that ECMO was associated with lower mortality and higher hospital costs.

TL;DR: In this paper , a single-night assessment of polysomnography-derived endotypic traits provided reliable estimates in moderate to severe OSA using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

TL;DR: In this article , a risk score based on common echocardiographic parameters risk-stratify patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was derived using retrospective echology data from 2,400 adults with PAH enrolled in the REVEAL registry database.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated physiological responses during bronchoconstriction distinguish different groups of asthma in people with obesity, and also differentiate from responses simply related to obesity by measuring spirometry and respiratory system impedance by oscillometry.

TL;DR: A review of the available evidence and guidelines regarding the diagnosis and management of portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is presented in this article , which is defined by the presence of precapillary pulmonary hypertension in the context of portal hypertension.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the role of the upper airway fungal microbiome (mycobiome) in asthma control and showed that increased fungal diversity was correlated with increased bacterial diversity (ρ = 0.41).

TL;DR: The authors showed that sleep was not understood to be a purely passive phenomenon, at least from the time of Ibn Sínā (lat. Avicenna, d. 1037) onward.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors applied the hidden Markov model to analyze the day-to-day trajectories of residual apnea-hypopnea index (rAHI) variability using telemonitoring data.

TL;DR: A 73-year-old woman with a medical history of morbid obesity, osteoarthritis, and hypertension presented to the ED with shortness of breath and was found to be positive for COVID-19 and received tocilizumab, dexamethasone, and remdesivir as mentioned in this paper .

TL;DR: In this paper , radiologic findings on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) at the time of acute PE could indicate the presence of preexisting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).

TL;DR: In this paper , an 84-year-old woman presented to the interventional pulmonary clinic for evaluation of a right middle lobe lung mass and showed minimal coronary artery disease but elevated pulmonary artery pressures of 55/24 mm Hg.

TL;DR: In this paper , a 19-year-old male patient with a life-threatening disease course caused by rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease that caused respiratory failure despite intensive immunosuppression with multiple agents (steroids, IV immunoglobulins, tofacitinib, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, ciclosporin and rituximab).

TL;DR: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene indicates long-term smoking exposure and might therefore be a monitor for smoking-induced disease risk as mentioned in this paper , however, studies of individual longitudinal changes in AHRR methylation are sparse.

TL;DR: The polysomnogram (PSG) has long been the preeminent test in sleep medicine, but it may not reflect real-world sleep conditions, and in practice their rich physiological information is often reduced to a single number, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as discussed by the authors .

TL;DR: A 35-year-old man was hospitalized with fever, chest pain, and cough of 2 weeks' duration as discussed by the authors , and these symptoms persisted despite 4 days of antibiotic treatment with IV ceftriaxone sodium 2 g/d.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the impact of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for OSA on health care costs and found that better adherence to PAP therapy was associated with significantly lower health care cost over 3 years.

TL;DR: In this paper , structural changes to the lung vasculature clarify PH pathophysiologic features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with progressive heart failure, where patients were included based on the availability of lung tissue and recorded mPAP.

TL;DR: The use of race-and ethnicity-specific reference equations for the interpretation of pulmonary function test (PFT) results has been questioned as mentioned in this paper , and the potential clinical implications of the use or nonuse of race and ethnicity in interpreting PFT results have been investigated.

TL;DR: A systematic review of the diagnostic performance of MDW across multiple infectious disease outcomes was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through February 4, 2022 as mentioned in this paper .

TL;DR: In this paper , a prospective study of consecutive uncontrolled asthma patients who were referred to a specialized asthma clinic to assess the indication of a biologic therapy was conducted, and the patients were clinically phenotyped as T2-allergic, T2 eosinophilic, and non-T2.

TL;DR: The CHEST guideline as mentioned in this paper examines the literature on the respiratory management of patients with neuromuscular diseases to provide evidence-based recommendations, including mouthpiece ventilation, transition to home mechanical ventilation, salivary secretion management and airway clearance therapies.