Showing papers in "Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America in 2008"

TL;DR: It is argued that neither EF deficits nor DAv add much value to the diagnosis of ADHD as it is currently conceptualized, but may be crucial in helping to partition heterogeneity in the condition, leading to the refinement of ADHD nosology.

TL;DR: Applied behavior analysis (ABA) uses methods derived from scientifically established principles of behavior and incorporates all of the factors identified by the US National Research Council as characteristic of effective interventions in educational and treatment programs for children who have autism.

TL;DR: The evidence supporting the most frequently used CAM treatments, including categories of mind-body medicine, energy medicine, and biologically based, manipulative, and body-based practices, are discussed, with the latter two treatments the most commonly selected by families.

TL;DR: Evidence from the reviewed literature indicates the importance of methodological aspects in the understanding of epidemiologic findings and the necessity of large-scale cross-national studies in order to understand the persistence of ADHD.

TL;DR: Evidence-based psychosocial interventions for managing pediatric ADHD include behavioral parent training, school-based interventions relying on behavioral modification, teaching skills, and operant conditioning principles, and intensive summer treatment programs.

TL;DR: This article reviews the literature about assessment and treatment, and provides recommendations regarding services to family members of individuals diagnosed with ASD and feeding or sleeping disorders.

TL;DR: More interdisciplinary work is needed to develop and evaluate rigorously joint school-based education and mental health initiatives that can respond to the diverse needs of refugee children.

TL;DR: Many children with autism will need to have these methods supplemented with less adult-directed activities to increase communicative initiation and carry over learned skills to new settings and communication partners.

TL;DR: The longitudinal course of symptoms in ADHD from infancy to adulthood is addressed in an attempt to place biological findings for this complex brain disorder in the context of maturation and development.

TL;DR: Recognition of the preschool presentation of ADHD, appropriate differential diagnosis, and identification of comorbid conditions, and a developmental perspective on the course and potential outcomes of the disorder may guide treatment planning.

TL;DR: KidNET is a short-term treatment for PTSD based on a neurocognitive theory of traumatic memory that shows promising results for the treatment of children and adolescents who have PTSD living in war-affected countries and refugee communities.

TL;DR: Although stimulant medications and atomoxetine have a favorable benefit/risk profile and do not induce clinically significant changes in growth or cardiovascular function in the majority of cases, careful patient monitoring is needed to identify individuals at risk for negative outcomes.

TL;DR: The authors review the literature examining associations between ADHD and bipolar disorder in children, and data concerning severe irritability in youth with ADHD, to make clinical recommendations and highlight important directions for future research.

TL;DR: This article summarizes each intervention strategy and provides results from several research studies, and meta-analytic reviews of the research provide further recommendations for successful SST programs.

TL;DR: This article reviews the use of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) with depressed youth living in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps in North Uganda.

TL;DR: The recent literature on medicines used to manage inattention, impulsiveness, and overactivity in children with pervasive developmental disorders using computer searches of pharmacologic studies suggests that evidence for efficacy seems weakest for newer antidepressants, anxiolytics, and mood stabilizers.

TL;DR: The design, implementation, and evaluation of family-focused preventive interventions should be informed by research findings, family resilience theory, a community-based participatory research approach, and a focus on engagement.

TL;DR: This article provides an overview of psychopharmacological treatments for repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders in the context of current conceptualizations of this understudied core symptom domain and suggest several areas of investigation in advancing research on the medication management of repetitive behaviors.

TL;DR: More research is needed on the utility of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cholinergic drugs, glutamatergic drugs, and oxytocin for core autistic symptoms.

TL;DR: Research to date supports the use of the atypical antipsychotics as a first-line pharmacologic treatment for irritability in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism and related pervasive developmental disorders.

TL;DR: Early ADHD pharmacogenetic studies have focused predominantly on catecholamine pathway genes and response to methylphenidate, and future efforts will also examine a wider range of stimulant and nonstimulant medications on a range of outcome measures and durations as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion of the sleep problems experienced by children with autism spectrum disorders, focusing on appropriate assessment and pharmacologic treatment is presented, and a growing recognition that addressing these sleep problems may improve daytime functioning and decrease family stress.

TL;DR: This article looks at the experiences of children in war from a psychosocial and social ecologic perspective and suggests that psychologic assistance to war-affected children often occurs through the provision of therapy by outsiders but via support from insiders.

TL;DR: This article focuses on the mental and behavioral health component of services for refugee youth, and some evidence that immigration stressors or social stressors are associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in refugee youth.

TL;DR: It is posited that the most effective avenue for training is through models incorporating more intensive and interactive training processes such as hands-on learning activities with opportunities for coaching, modeling, practice and feedback.

TL;DR: There is a recent interest in research opportunities for improving the nosology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in future classification systems like the DSM-V and the ICD-11.

TL;DR: Clinicians need to see the distress and symptoms of mental disorder as emerging in the context of the detention environment rather than within a traditional medical model.

TL;DR: The exposure of refugees, and particularly refugee children, to trauma, loss, and severe hardship in their countries of origin, while fleeing to their host countries, and after arrival in the host country is described.

TL;DR: The main imaging techniques used to study ADHD are introduced, relevant complexities facing psychiatric researchers in implementing neuroimaging techniques for clinical purposes are identified, and benchmarks are provided to help determine when imaging modalities have advanced to a point that they are deemed clinically useful.

TL;DR: Child and adolescent psychiatrists who collaborate on research trials or advise patients and families about research participation should consider nine domains when evaluating the ethical acceptability of particular protocols.