Showing papers in "Clinics in Liver Disease in 2005"

TL;DR: The incidence of primary liver cancer is increasing in several developed countries including the United States, and the increase will likely continue for several decades.

TL;DR: Results of ongoing nonconcurrent studies are needed to determine disease progression in the third, fourth, and fifth decades of infection and to better define the factors that affect progression.

TL;DR: Pathologists need to be familiar with the spectrum of changes seen in steatohepatitis, including hepatocyte ballooning, Mallory bodies, mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates, and a distinctive perivenular and pericellular "chicken-wire" fibrosis.

TL;DR: Large volume paracentesis and transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunts are useful in managing patients with refractory ascites and liver transplant is the only way to improve survival in ascites caused by cirrhosis.

TL;DR: This review will discuss the currently available tests for the surveillance of HCC and the screening tests must achieve an acceptable level of accuracy in the population undergoing screening.

TL;DR: The epidemiologic evidence for the role of alcohol in hepatocellular cancer is summarized, the mechanisms involved in the promotion of cancer are discussed, and the effects of environmental carcinogens directly and by contributing to nutritional deficiency and impairing immunological tumor surveillance are discussed.

TL;DR: Avoidance of alcohol intake is required to eliminate progressive liver disease in alcoholics, best achieved by using educational and social programs to convince patients and their caretakers of the great necessity to eliminate alcohol intake.

TL;DR: On the basis of the identified evidence, radiofrequency ablation seems to reach higher recurrence-free survival rates compared with ethanol injection, and further randomized trials are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of radio frequencies with respect to other percutaneous treatments and to devise an unbiased therapeutic strategy.

TL;DR: The clinical importance of hepatic osteopenia, the identification of risk factors for the individual patient, and the selection of patients, timing, and methods for diagnostic screening are discussed.

TL;DR: Some of the hematologic complications of hepatitis C therapy are presented and management options are presented.

TL;DR: The accuracy and the reliability of well-recognized clinical, virologic, histologic, and molecular risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma are still insufficient; thus, accurate risk prediction of developing cancer in individual patients remains an elusive goal.

TL;DR: This article outlines the accuracy of all these modalities in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and discusses how they may be incorporated into clinical practice.

TL;DR: The use of virologic assays in the diagnosis and management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the continuing development of test systems accompanied by new antiviral drugs and novel therapeutic approaches should lead to an optimization of the treatment of HCV infection.

TL;DR: In this review, an approach to long-term management of ALD is described and it is described that abstinence is the cornerstone of therapy and it decreases mortality and morbidity significantly.

TL;DR: It is suggested that chronic hepatitis C with genotypes 4 through 9 may exhibit epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment outcome differences from infection with genotype 1, 2, or 3.

TL;DR: The epidemiology, clinical features, natural history, and pathogenesis of NAFLD are described.

TL;DR: This article summarizes the current therapies, with particular emphasis on antiviral therapy, and recommends pretransplant or early post-transplant recognition of patients with high risk of severe post-Transplantation outcome is desirable to target these patients for intervention.

TL;DR: Research is underway to find modalities to correct the induced immunologic changes, so at this time, it is necessary to avoid alcoholism, with the use of social and educational programs to stop alcoholism.

TL;DR: Prophylactic and preemptive therapies, as well as treatment of established recurrent disease, are the strategies Reviewed for management of liver transplant recipients who have HCV infection at the time of transplantation.

TL;DR: Research efforts should continue to focus on delineating the complex viral and host interactions involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related steatosis, which may provide novel future therapeutic strategies that may help modulate disease progression in relation to Steatosis in HCV infection.

TL;DR: Although use of antidepressant and anxiolytic medications and off-label use of hemopoietic stem cell growth factors are increasing in the daily management of HCV therapy, there are no data available to definitively show that such tactics are associated with improvement in SVR rates in individual patients.

TL;DR: Intimate collaboration of hepatologists, pathologists, surgeons, and radiologists with reasonable imaging and clinical criteria estimating the degree of malignancy is imperative for adequate management of cirrhotic patients.

TL;DR: Treatment modalities in use for managing portal hypertension and those that may be available in the future are highlighted.

TL;DR: The currently available treatments as well as evolving treatments for chronic HBV infection are discussed, which may eventually eliminate HBV worldwide.

TL;DR: It is estimated that by the year 2010, the number of patients with HCC awaiting liver transplant in the United States will outnumber the supply of cadaver organs.

TL;DR: The wide prevalence of alcohol use and abuse in society makes it an important cofactor in many other liver diseases, including chronic viral hepatitis, disorders of iron overload, and obesity-related liver disease.

TL;DR: The combination of PEGIFN and RBV is the most effective therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C, but a significant proportion of patients, particularly those with genotype 1, fail to have undetectable HCV RNA during treatment or relapse after completing therapy with return of detectableHCV RNA.

TL;DR: B Bland and chemoembolization are palliative options for hepatocellular carcinoma that have been evaluated in controlled trials and are effective at prolonging survival.

TL;DR: The outcome of HCV infection in renal and liver transplant recipients has been extensively investigated, whereas literature on HCV-related liver disease among patients with orthotopic heart transplantation is scanty.

TL;DR: Management of cirrhosis due to hepatitis C will continue to be a major issue for the foreseeable future for hepatologists, gastroenterologists, and primary care providers throughout the world.