Showing papers in "Cognition in 2003"

TL;DR: A new paradigm to investigate whether and how complementary actions at the disposal of another agent are represented and influence one's own actions suggests that one'sown actions and others' actions are represented in a functionally equivalent way.

TL;DR: A stark dissociation is shown between an ability to reflectively distinguish one's own beliefs from others' and the routine deployment of this ability in interpreting the actions of others, suggesting important elements of the adult's theory of mind are not fully incorporated into the human comprehension system.

TL;DR: The results show how language-specific perceptual processing can alter the relative salience of within- and between-category acoustic variation, and thereby interfere with second language acquisition.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that children do not treat all scalar terms alike and, more importantly, that children's ability to derive scalar implicatures is affected by their awareness of the goal of the task.

TL;DR: This article proposes a model that employs inductive learning to discover multiple rules, and assigns them confidence scores based on their performance in the lexicon, and concludes that speakers extend morphological patterns based on abstract structural properties, of a kind appropriately described with rules.

TL;DR: Evidence from behavioral studies suggests that infants and adults are sensitive to frame-like units, and that adults use them to categorize words, which provides support for frames as a basis for the acquisition of grammatical categories.

TL;DR: Two experiments involving months and letters are presented in which spatial coding is demonstrated and an association between ordinal position and spatial response preference is shown, showing that the spatial component of the ordinal representation can be automatically activated.

TL;DR: Activation of right lateral prefrontal cortex was evident when subjects inhibited a prepotent response associated with belief-bias and correctly completed a logical task, a finding consistent with its putative role in cognitive monitoring.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that modality-specific stimulus properties undergo a non-iterative transformation into representations of quantity that are independent of the modality or format of the stimulus.

TL;DR: Two experiments investigated numerosity discrimination in 6-month-old infants, showing that infants succeeded in discriminating 4 from 8 elements but failed to discriminate 2 from 4 elements, providing evidence for the existence of two systems of number representations in infancy.

TL;DR: It is argued that cues to lexical-embedding disambiguation, such as segmental lengthening, result from the realization of a prosodic boundary that often but not always follows monosyllabic words, and that lexical candidates whose word boundaries are aligned with prosodic boundaries are favored in the word-recognition process.

TL;DR: The results suggest that integrating a novel word into the mental lexicon can be an extended process: phonological information is learnt swiftly, but full integration with existing items develops at a slower rate.

TL;DR: In four experiments it is demonstrated that unconscious stimuli owe their impact neither to automatic semantic categorization nor to memory traces of preceding stimulus-response episodes, but to their match with pre-specified cognitive action-trigger conditions.

TL;DR: It is suggested that cross-writing system differences in L1s and L1 reading skills transfer could be responsible for these ESL performance differences.

TL;DR: There is an empirical basis for the claim that spoken prosody leaves an imprint on the music of a culture, as a recently-developed measure for the study of speech rhythm is used to compare rhythmic patterns in English and French language and classical music.

TL;DR: Two studies investigated young infants' use of the word-learning principle Mutual Exclusivity and found a linear relationship between age and performance, but also found a surprising form of failure at 14 months.

TL;DR: Critically, these results demonstrate that there is nothing intrinsically easy about extracting from subject position: depending on the word order in the main clause and in a relative clause, extraction from object position can be easier to process in some circumstances.

TL;DR: Infants rapidly learned phonotactic regularities from brief auditory experience and extended them to unstudied syllables, documenting the sensitivity of the infant's language processing system to abstractions over linguistic experience.

TL;DR: Three sentence completion experiments will be reported in which participants had to generate German equivalents of "the servant of the actress who..." (NP-of-NP-RC) constructions, suggesting a tendency of language producers to retain hierarchical syntactic relations over consecutive trials.

TL;DR: It is suggested that infants are developing a critical conception of other human speakers as truthful communicators, and that infants understand that human speakers may provide uniquely useful information when a word fails to match its referent.

TL;DR: This work presents three experiments that indicate that similarity is strongly influenced by transformation distance, and introduces a family of transformation-based accounts of similarity, called 'Representational Distortion', as a specific example of a transformational approach to similarity.

TL;DR: Using an act-out task, it is found that 3-year-old native speakers of Kannada associate argument number and not morphological form with causativity, supporting the universalist approach.

TL;DR: The order of the roles was found to be influenced by the priming manipulation, which implies that thematic roles or the features that differentiate them are active within the mapping between messages and sentence structures.

TL;DR: The results suggest that synaesthesia does not simply reflect innate connections from one perceptual system to another, but that it can be mediated and/or influenced by a symbolic/conceptual level of representation.

TL;DR: Comparing perception and production of Korean speech sounds by childhood speakers who had spoken Korean regularly for a few years during childhood to those of two other groups revealed measurable long-term benefits of childhood speaking experience, underscoring the importance of early language experience, even if such experience diminishes dramatically beyond childhood.

TL;DR: This research proposes a new theory of direct causation and examines how this concept plays a key role in the linguistic coding and individuation of causal events and for the relationship between cognition and language in general.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated with novel experimentation that 18-month-old infants do have command of the syntax of one, and infants' mastery of this aspect of syntax constitutes evidence for the contribution of innate structure within the learner in acquiring a grammar.

TL;DR: It is argued that the older children were slower to solve the problem when the typical function was primed because (i) their artifact concept plays a role in problem solving, and (ii) intended purpose is central to their concept of artifact function, but not to that of the younger children.

TL;DR: A contrast hypothesis is proposed according to which the level of surprise associated with an outcome is mainly determined by the extent to which it contrasts with the default, expected alternative.

TL;DR: Findings strongly suggest that reflexive attention to gaze direction and reflexive inhibition to an abrupt onset are independent processes, and that gaze direction does not produce IOR at the gazed-at location.