Showing papers in "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology in 1961"

TL;DR: The composition of about 100 physiological salines for use with fish, amphibia, mammals, birds, annelids, crustacea, insects and molluscs is given together with analyses of the blood composition of some of the species of animals most frequently used in physiological experiments.

TL;DR: The hypothesis is advanced that haemoglobin in Planorbis facilitates greater exploitation of the pulmonary O2 store and so permits a deeper and longer dive compared with Lymnaea, which lacking a respiratory pigment occupies a separate ecological niche nearer the surface.

TL;DR: It is suggested that there is a marked chemical heterogeneity in the CNS with cells reacting specifically but different to a given chemical, and that acetylcholine and dopamine are the most likely transmitter substances.

TL;DR: Although Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii in mid-winter have much less glycogen in pectoral muscle and liver than the indoor caged birds, the pattern of energy storage may be consistent with that of the latter in experimentally induced migratory state if the restricted flight activity, the precapture activity of the former, and possible differences in temporal pattern of food intake are taken into consideration.

TL;DR: The rate of excretion of accumulated urea in Xenopus appeared to follow an exponential plot, indicating passive excretion, and a theory of the evolution of ureotelism in Amphibia is suggested.

TL;DR: A general hypothetical scheme of carbohydrate metabolism in crustaceans is presented and it is suggested that glycogenesis occurs through the UDPG-Synthetase system while glycogenolysis involves phosphorylase and the two paths are essentially separate.

TL;DR: The anatomy of the oral respiratory system, i.e. villiform processes, pharyngeal blood supply, of the turtle Trionyx is described and the oxygen consumption as determined by the Winkler method showed that the quiet submerged animal used up 6·5 ml oxygen/kg/hr.

TL;DR: It is concluded that cardioregulation in the aneural branchial heart of the hagfish is accomplished by two major factors: tension as governed by venous return and a biochemical factor produced in the heart.

TL;DR: Serum and cranial fluid are similar to perilymph, and freezing-point depressions show that Lorenzini jelly is 5 per cent hypertonic to sea water, and the other fluids are all approximately 2 per centhypertonic.

TL;DR: An attempt to explain the distribution of earthworms on the basis of the sensitivity to pH is described, finding the different threshold responses reflect the different field distributions of these three species.

TL;DR: Five-hydroxytryptamine is assumed to be an endogenous factor inducing ciliar beats of the prototroch and velum in Nudibranchia and most sensitive to 5-HT are veligers with a well-developed velum but with no shell.

TL;DR: From the composition of the various tissues it is likely that serum and cells had the same osmotic pressure as sea water, and the intracellular fluid contained approximately equal quantities of inorganic and organic constituents.

TL;DR: It was revealed that solation of Amoeba protoplasm is always accompanied by an increase in volume of a mean value of 57 per cent, and volume decrease in gelation is not necessarily correlated with water discharge through the pulsating contractile vacuole.

TL;DR: The nitrogenous excretion of twelve species of Amphibia and two species of Crocodilia was studied and the urinary content of ammonia, urea, uric acid, and other nitrogenous compounds was determined.

TL;DR: An electrophoretic component tentatively identified as lysozyme appears in whey protein patterns of certain carnivores and perissodactyls.

TL;DR: While the increase of blood concentration, in a crayfish transferred from fresh water to twice-diluted seawater, amounts to a change in Δ of 0·24°C, the increase in concentration of intracellular amino acids corresponds to 0·15 °C, which shows that the free amino acids play an important role in the mechanism of adjustment.

TL;DR: Intracellular stimulation and recording techniques show elecrical connections between the lateral giant fiber of earthworms that attenuate electrical signals about three times and moving, labile sites of spike crossover, resembling quasi-artificial synapses, probably depends upon the demonstrated connections.

TL;DR: Dl-α-Glycerophosphate, oleic acid and other oleate-containing compounds, and some synthetic phosphatides, spared the sterol requirement and permitted submaximal growth in the absence of sterol.

TL;DR: In this paper, isolated gills from silver eels adapted to tap water or sea water were incubated aerobically and anaerobically in either tap water and sea water.

TL;DR: A new terminology is proposed for the specification of the thoracic and the abdominal organs and it is pointed out that the anterior N-cells may be involved in signalling internal fluid pressures of theThoraci cavity.

TL;DR: A specific acetylcholinesterase is present in homogenates of hydatid scolices and brood capsules of Echinococcus granulosus and permeability control in the cyst wall appears to break down following a period of water imbibition at the expected rate.

TL;DR: It is suggested that sodium may exert a general effect on the permeability to ions of insect muscle fibre membranes.

TL;DR: The data suggest that individual and total amino acid concentrations are not closely regulated in this insect, which is similar to other relatively primitive insects.

TL;DR: The quantitative distribution of glutamate-aspartate transminase in several tissues of the roach was demonstrated and the enzymatic activity relative to both protein content and tissue weight is presented and it is suggested that the U-shaped curve of transamination is related to U- shaped curve for protein synthesis during morphogenesis and that the main site for the interconversion of amino acids during adult development may be the muscles.

TL;DR: Chromatographic analysis of extracts of peripheral and central nervous system of crabs demonstrated the presence of a single ninhydrin-positive inhibitory substance which is shown to be different from gamma-aminobutyric acid.

TL;DR: Hemoglobin and plasma proteins of two species of toads and their natural, F1 hybrid were studied and hybrid plasma contained a higher concentration of protein than the plasma of either parental species.

TL;DR: Cell-free preparations obtained from thoraces and legs of T. infestans glycolyse glucose, as well as HDP, with the production of pyruvate and α-glycerophosphate in equimolar amounts, showing the presence of the pentose phosphate pathway and the enzyme content is related to the developmental stage of the insect and also to the sex.

TL;DR: The marine arthropods Limulus polyphemus, Cancer irroratus, and Homarus americanus have total amino acid concentrations comparable to that of man, and less than 10 per cent of those found in insects.

TL;DR: Ammocoetes fixent les iodopes marques par 131I ajoutes a l'eau dans laquelle ils sont immerges.