Showing papers in "Environmental Research in 1982"

TL;DR: The evidence for inclusion of Cd among the elements known to be human carcinogens is insufficient and the impact of increasing soil Cd on the movement of CD from soil to plant to animal to human would indicate little reason for concern.

TL;DR: Analysis of the experimental data available concerning the effects of smoking on reproductive processes suggests an adverse influence on reproduction at several sites from gametogenesis to implantation.

TL;DR: While BHT may exert a positive effect on life span, it exerts a negative effect on the lungs, kidneys, myocardial cells, liver metabolism of lipids, and clotting factors, and is a potential behavioral and developmental teratogen.

TL;DR: The possible role of the relatively high serum levels of the organochlorine compounds assessed in this study, in the occurrence of PD, is discussed.

TL;DR: Accumulation of protein in lung lavage fluid was used as an indicator of pulmonary damage following exposure of guinea pigs to O 3 and a dose relationship between the amount of protein accumulation in the lung and the concentration of O 3 to which the animals were exposed was observed.

TL;DR: There is evidence that o-toluidine and 4,4′-methylene bis(2-methylaniline) should be implicated in such excess mortality and caution in handling these compounds is suggested and the need for further studies to confirm such findings is stressed.

TL;DR: On the average the lead workers had lower serum complement C3 and immunoglobulin levels, as well as lower salivary IgA levels, than the reference subjects, while a significant positive correlation was observed between PbB and serum IgA in the group of lead workers.

TL;DR: The effects of selected water pollutants and other chemicals on the activity of eight enzymes (in vitro) are summarized to give insight into the mechanism of action of toxic chemicals and have application in the development of a rapid screening procedure involving enzymes as biomonitors in analyzing water quality.

TL;DR: The physiological effects of a single ingested dose of Prudhoe Bay crude oil, its aromatic fractions, and PBC/Clorexit emulsion were studied in nestling herring gulls and showed that the high-molecular-weight aromatic compounds were responsible for retardation of growth and increases in adrenal and nasal gland weight.

TL;DR: The possible significance of of reased MT concentrations in plasma, as seen in some of the workers in the present study, in relation to transport of Cd-MT to the renal cortex is pointed out.

TL;DR: This study shows for the first time that DMBA is carcinogenic to fish, by repeated short-term exposures to an aqueous suspension of 5 ppm 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.

TL;DR: It is concluded that availability of lead in the residential environment did not account for most of the variation observed in the population and soil lead and exterior house paint lead were the most important contributors to variation in children's blood-lead levels.

TL;DR: Neuronal degradation could be observed in the neocortex, hippocampus, pyriform cortex, amygdaloid nucleus, and brain stem, and some large brain stem neurons was also a prominent finding, particularly those neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal nuclei.

TL;DR: With all microorganisms, the toxicity of Ni was potentiated as the pH was decreased to acidic levels, which may have implications for theoxicity of Ni in environments stressed by acid precipitation.

TL;DR: Air particulate extracts from a series of solvents were tested in the Ames mutagen detection system and were found to be mutagenic in varying degrees as a function of the particulate collection site in Houston, Texas, supporting the hypothesis of a contribution of urban air particulate to the lung cancer rates.

TL;DR: Although brake emissions are responsible for a minor fraction of ambient asbestos levels, there may be a noticeable increase in asbestos levels near high-braking areas such as tollbooths, because of increases in velocity and deceleration rate.

TL;DR: Residents of homes with copper plumbing consumed a substantial proportion of their daily required copper from their drinking water, an important finding in view of the possible suboptimal copper levels in American diets.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the carcinogenic and fibrogenic effects of the fibrous erionite are similar to those of asbestos.

TL;DR: Examination of edaphic properties of soil samples indicates that the availability of lead and some other metals may be influenced by pH, water-soluble phosphate, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio and the immobilization of toxic metals in soils may be influences by adjusting these factors.

TL;DR: The amount of cations and anions in shoot and root systems of control rice seedlings was found to be the same, whereas in the effluent-treated Rice seedlings a relatively high amount of potassium and sodium and a low amount of chloride was found in roots compared to shoots.

TL;DR: Tillers of red fescue (Festuca rubra) were collected from three copper-contaminated sites and it was discovered that tillers from Ecton which contained a rather high level of copper, lead, and zinc were tolerant to all three metals.

TL;DR: Intraperitoneal injections of erionite did not produce mesotheliomas of the peritoneum, while a high incidence of these tumors was found among the animals treated by intraperitoneal injection of crocidolite.

TL;DR: It is postulated that TMT induced a severe disruption of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in these neurons leading to rapid cell death and/or cellular edema of these nerve cells.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that disruption of tight junctions may be an important specific determinant of increased bronchiolar epithelial permeability following brief exposures to nitrogen dioxide.

TL;DR: The substantial differentiation in lung retention between these inorganic arsenic compounds is of importance for the design and interpretation of animal carcinogenicity tests involving the respiratory tract and could also have significance in human exposure situations.

TL;DR: Severe maternal toxicity and embryotoxicity were evident at the 0.25 μg/kg/day dose and higher, and kidney anomalies were observed in treated groups.

TL;DR: In the neonate, exposure to inorganic mercury by the oral route can be expected to result in higher systemic, as well as small intestinal, levels of mercury because of enhanced GI absorption and decreased luminal transit, respectively.

TL;DR: A unique in vitro system developed for exposing mammalian cell cultures, viruses, or both to ozone under conditions mimicking those of the respiratory tract and the reaction rate of ozone with media was shown to be a function of the input concentration and increased as the gas flow rate was increased.

TL;DR: Lead exposure induced a marked and rapid hypochromic normocytic anemia in these birds, as well as an elevation in erythrocyte porphyrin, and hematological effects of lead, the major systemic evidence of toxicity.