Showing papers in "Enzyme and Microbial Technology in 1989"

TL;DR: Attention is focused on the factors that influence enzymatic catalysis in monophasic solvents including the role of enzyme-associated water, the nature of the biocatalyst preparation, and the properties of the organic solvent.

TL;DR: It is proposed that Pluronic (and other polymers such as polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrollidone) act as cell protective agents by stabilizing foams and thereby reducing film drainage and bubble bursting in the vicinity of cells.

TL;DR: In the yeast-ethanol fermentation, it is suggested that the ability to avoid acetaldehyde accumulation is a prerequisite to so-called ethanol tolerance, and strategies and mechanisms for ethanol tolerance are discussed.

TL;DR: The purification of heme-containing peroxidases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-1767 revealed a high degree of homology, and the isoenzyme concentrations in extracellular culture fluid were found to vary relatively and absolutely with culture time.

TL;DR: A strategy for immobilization-stabilization of trypsin by multipoint covalent attachment to agarose (aldehyde) gels is developed and it is revealed that seven lysine residues pertrypsin molecule have reacted with the activated support during the process of preparation of the derivative.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the effect of different variables that control the intensity of borohydride reduction on the activity and stability of the resulting derivatives, and established the optimal conditions for this process: 1 mg ml−1 borhydride, pH 10.0, 25°C, 30 min of reaction time, and presence of benzamidine (competitive inhibitor of trypsin).

TL;DR: The cellulase hyperproducing strain F3 of Fusarium oxysporum fermented glucose, xylose, cellobiose, and cellulose directly to ethanol and conversion of cellulose to ethanol was markedly affected by the pH of both aerated preculture and nonaerated fermentation.

TL;DR: Biological delignification, using white-rot fungi to liberate cellulose and hemicellulose from their complex with lignin, can aid the use of lignocellulose as ruminant animal feed, a source of sugars, and pulp.

TL;DR: A special effort was made to compile the available data cocerning regulation of cellular synthesis by the different bacteria to determine if a uniform pattern would emerge, but no such pattern stood out.

TL;DR: The techniques employed for large-scale plant cell suspension culture are largely those developed for microbial culture, so the basic characteristics of the two types of culture are compared.

TL;DR: Untreated spent sulfite liquor was fermented with five yeasts, Candida tropicalis, Pichia stipitis, Pachysolen tannophilus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyceces cerevisiae, and a co-culture of P. tropicalis and P. tannophile, and the highest yield of ethanol, 0.41 g g− total sugar, was obtained with S. Cerevisiae.

TL;DR: The type of xylan used as substrate and the method of reducing sugar detection significantly affected measured xylanase activity, and it was shown that an interaction existed between these two variables.

TL;DR: The algal (seaweed) polysaccharides possess unique gelling properties that have led to their use in a variety of applications involving immobilization of cells and enzymes.

TL;DR: This review assesses unstructured models for representing microbial kinetics data and gives a critique of their applicability and limitations.

TL;DR: In this paper, a total of 65 yeast strains from various genera were screened for their ability to grow on glucose at 40°C for the purpose of isolating a thermotolerant yeast strain.

TL;DR: Protease thermostability and protein stability was higher in those aqueous:organic two-phase systems with a more hydrophobic organic phase and for pairs of organic solvents of similar hydrophobicity, the aqueously:organicTwo-phase system with the higher rated interfacial tension was more denaturing.

TL;DR: Good agreement was found between the model and experimental results on the formation of fructo-oligosaccharides from a consecutive set of disproportionation reactions.

TL;DR: In this article, a substantial fraction of B. braunii hydrocarbons was recovered via short contact with hexane of algae concentrated by filtration, and subsequent growth and hydrocarbon production during subsequent cultures were not impaired, even after repeated extractions.

TL;DR: A survey is given of published data concerning immobilized plant cells, and the consequences of the immobilization of plant cells are discussed with respect to mechanical properties of the particles, cell growth, and product formation.

TL;DR: It is shown that the addition of cyclodextrins substantially enhanced the conversion of cholesterol, sitosterol, and ▵4-cholestenone to a mixture of androstenedione and androstadienedione by Mycobacterium sp.

TL;DR: Diffusion of several solutes within the beads has been studied by measuring the transport of solutes to and from a well-stirred solution of limited volume and an empirical relationship was developed for the diffusion coefficient as a function of microbial loading.

TL;DR: The amount of ethanol produced was significantly greater with Pichia stipitis CBS 5773 than by conventional hexose fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and some of the continuously fermented SSL samples became contaminated by lactic acid bacteria.

TL;DR: Determination of the activities of endo-1,4-β-glucanase, exo-2,3,3- β- glucanases of the cellobiohydrolase I type (hydrolysing 4-nitrophenyl β-lactoside), β-Glucosidase, endo,1, 4-β -xylanase and β-xylosidases showed that Aspergillus terre

TL;DR: In this article, the product concentrations attainable at equilibrium in two-phase systems are discussed with regard to the product reactions and the role of water, and the conditions necessary to shift equilibrium product concentrations.

TL;DR: In testing suspension cultures of various ages, it was found that those cultures in the latter stages of exponential growth and early in the stationary phase were more susceptible to shear damage than cultures inThe lag phase, early exponential phase, or later stationary phase.

TL;DR: Use of conductivity change in the medium for the on-line monitoring of cell mass growth was investigated and it was found that the effect of pH and sugar concentration changes on medium conductivity can be neglected.

TL;DR: K Kluyveromyces fragilis, the lactose-fermenting yeast, was made permeable to the disaccharide lactose using the surfactant digitonin, and these permeabilized cells rapidly hydrolysed lactose in whole milk and sweet whey to glucose and galactose.

TL;DR: The photoregenerated NAD(P)H cofactors are coupled to subsequent biotransformations in such reduction of ketones and keto-acid, synthesis of amino-acids, and CO2-fixation processes.

TL;DR: The cloned xylulokinase gene was found to be able to complement such a xylurokinase mutant by the gene disruption technique.