Showing papers in "Evolution and Human Behavior in 2004"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the characteristics and relative strength of third-party sanctions in a series of experiments and show that the notion of strong reciprocity extends to the sanctioning behavior of "unaffected" third parties.

TL;DR: The authors showed that participants in a cooperative group game contribute more to their group when they expect to play a dyadic trust game afterwards, and that participants do tend to trust altruistic individuals more than non-altruistic individuals.

TL;DR: Preliminary findings provide support for the underlying assumptions of much attractiveness research, particularly studies that have identified systematic variation in female preferences for masculine faces.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between 2D:4D measures and several other traits whose expression is thought to be related to sex hormones, including voice pitch, sociosexuality, mating success, and fluctuating asymmetry.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between ratings of voice attractiveness and sexually dimorphic differences in shoulder-to-hip ratios (SHR) and waist-tohip ratio (WHR), as well as different features of sexual behavior.

TL;DR: The authors found that women preferred more masculine male faces than their British counterparts did, but this effect was complicated by an interaction suggesting that more feminised faces were preferred within culture, while men tended to prefer more masculine female faces than did British men.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed that the group-based nature of cooperation includes punishment behavior and that punishment behavior is used to maintain cooperation within systems of social exchange and thus is directed towards members of an exchange system.

TL;DR: This article investigated whether variation in male parental investment can be explained in terms of men's perception of the degree of resemblance between themselves and their offspring and their perception of their mates' fidelity, and found that men provided less investment to their children if they were no longer in a relationship with the mother of their children.

TL;DR: This paper examined third-party reactions to a fictional case of sibling incest, a method paralleling that of Lieberman et al. They found that a history of cosocialization with an opposite-sex individual was associated with increased disgust at, and decreased tolerance of others' incestuous behavior.

TL;DR: This paper found that facial resemblance increased attractiveness judgments and hypothetical investment decisions, although the published sex difference was not found, which could not explain by differences in resemblance between the participants and the morphed images because a separate group of participants could match the original adult images to the new morphs with slightly (but not significantly) greater accuracy than to morphs made using Platek et al.'s method.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that human males may use and favor facial resemblance as a paternity cue is supported, using high-resolution color morphing and functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate a possible neural mechanism that may account for the observed sex difference.

TL;DR: This paper found that men preferentially recall cues to sexual infidelity, whereas women preference to emotional infidelity when listening to a story about an anonymous couple spending an evening together; in the personally more threatening context condition, the same story referred to one's own romantic relationship.

TL;DR: This article found that facial color and texture cues were sufficient to maintain an attractiveness-symmetry relationship when the influence of facial shape was minimised, and that the perceived healthiness of facial skin is one factor that may influence male facial attractiveness and covary with facial symmetry.

TL;DR: For example, in this article, a group of four participants chose by consensus between solving anagrams printed on red cards and on blue cards, and the payoff for the choices differed.

TL;DR: In this paper, self-perceived attractiveness and two measures of masculinization, namely scores on the Vandenberg Mental Rotation test (V-MRT) and 2D:4D digit ratios, were measured.

TL;DR: This paper showed that Shiwiar forager-horticulturist men of Ecuadorian Amazonia may use both waist-to-hip ratios and body weight in assessments of female sexual attractiveness in a manner consistent with the prediction of a context-sensitive preference psychology.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between involvement in competitive sport and self-reported numbers of sexual partners and found that male and female students who compete in sports reported significantly higher numbers of partners than other students, and within the athletes, higher levels of performance predicted more partners.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present three studies involving the evaluation of known social partners showing that judgments of physical attractiveness are strongly influenced by nonphysical factors such as liking, respect, familiarity, and contribution to shared goals.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that early hormone levels may play a crucial role in the development of facial asymmetries and digit ratio may be considered as a pointer to an individual's developmental instability and stress through its association with prenatal sexual steroids.

TL;DR: The low back pain group showed significantly higher asymmetry in the pelvis, and in ulnar length and bistyloid breadth, which demonstrates a link between LBP and asymmetry not only in a weight-bearing trait, but in two traits that are not functionally related to the back.

TL;DR: In this article, the attraction values of pupil size will be described by an interaction effect, such that males will be most attracted by large pupils in females and females by medium size pupils in males.

TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that males who successfully made "contact" courtship initiation with females exhibited different body language in this precontact phase than did males who did not make contact with females, including significantly more glancing behaviors, space-maximization movements, intrasexual touching, and less closed body movements.

TL;DR: In this article, the facial resemblance of 40 one-year-olds to each of three adults was estimated, and 80 judges were asked to identify the parent in a triplet of adults, and then recoding highest ratings to parents as correct guesses.

TL;DR: In this article, a multiple-coder content analysis of characters in two different sources of literary data: 658 traditional folktales from 48 different culture areas and plot and character summaries from 240 works taken to be representative of Western literature is presented.

TL;DR: This paper found that the importance of upholding one's reputation is cross-culturally variable: Revenge should be more prevalent in herding societies than in farming societies, and should be entirely absent in foraging societies.

TL;DR: The authors examined the relationship between disordered eating attitudes in women and perceptions of parental readiness with perceptions of support from different sources, and found that women who perceived relatively low levels of support, particularly from romantic partners and family, reported increased dieting symptomatology and lower perceptions of parent readiness.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined statistical associations among measures of ecological factors, the presence of female allies, and female power in polygynous societies and found that women will have greater resource control and political activity when they have female allies.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed sex differences in spatial and recall abilities of college students while also examining the relationship to 2D:4D ratio, which is an indirect measure of testosterone and estrogen exposure in fetal development.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that pressures associated with the threat of paternal uncertainty shaped a male mate preference for relatively subordinate partners in the context of long- (high investment) but not short-term (low investment) relationships.

TL;DR: A negative association between skin colour and 2D:4D in Caucasian women, but not in men, is shown, suggesting that skin colour in women is partly dependent on prenatal oestrogen; and Caucasian subjects with low 2D:(4D) reported higher susceptibility to sun-burn, athlete's foot and eczema than subjects with high 2D:[4D], suggesting that prenatal testosterone increases susceptibility toSunburn and skin diseases.