Showing papers in "Fibers and Polymers in 2007"
TL;DR: In this article, a waterproof-breathable fabric was developed by applying electrospun web of polyurethane directly onto the substrate fabric, and the optimal electrospinning condition was examined with regards to the concentration, applied voltage and tip-to-collector distance.
Abstract: Electrospun web may possibly be widely applied to protective garments or specialty textiles due to its high level of protection as well as comfort. Of particular interest in this study is to develop waterproof-breathable fabric by applying electrospun web of polyurethane directly onto the substrate fabric. The optimal electrospinning condition was examined with regards to the concentration, applied voltage and tip-to-collector distance. Solvent-electospinning of polyurethane was performed at the optimum condition, using N,N-dimethylacetamide as solvent. The thickness of 0.02 mm of electrospun web was applied onto the polyester/nylon blended fabric. For comparison, the polyester/nylon fabrics were coated with 0.02 mm thickness of polyurethane resin membranes adopting four different conditions. The electrospun PU web/fabric was compared to resin coated fabrics in terms of water-proof and breathable properties. The electrospun web applied fabric showed higher air permeability, vapor transmission, and thermal insulation properties than resin coated fabrics, which can be translated as greater comfort sensation of electrospun applied fabrics. However, water resistance value of electrospun web applied fabric did not reach that of resin coated fabrics.
156 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride was used as a cationic agent to cationize cotton fabric by a pad-batch process.
Abstract: In this study 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride was used as a cationic agent to cationize cotton fabric by a pad-batch process. The cationized cotton samples were dyed with different reactive dyes containing various reactive groups. The dyeability of the cationized cotton samples with reactive dyes without salt was significantly improved due to an increase in the ionic attraction between the dye and cationized cotton. The results showed that the wash and dry rubbing fastness of the cationized cotton dyed with different reactive dyes are similar to those of the untreated cotton. However, the light fastness of some of the cationized fabric samples was improved.
123 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of various treatments on comfort related properties, air and water vapor permeability, water repellency and compression were measured, and a regression model was presented to predict the water vapour permeability of knitted spacer fabrics based on course density (CPC) changing.
Abstract: In order to impart barrier properties against water and microorganisms on breathable three dimensional spacer fabrics as medical or technical textiles, fabric samples were treated with two water repellent agents and a quaternary ammonium salt namely cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), using pad-dry-cure method. Two different water repellent agents based on hydrocarbon and acrylic copolymer were used. The water repellent property of samples was tested by Bundesmann and contact angle tests. Antimicrobial activity of samples was analyzed quantitatively according to AATCC 100. Simultaneous finishing of samples was done with 3 % CTAB and 4 % fluoroalkyl acrylic copolymer. To study the effect of various treatments on comfort related properties, air and water vapor permeability, water repellency and compression were measured. The results showed that the antimicrobial and water repellent spacer fabrics can be achieved applying selected material without significant changes on their comfort properties. Also a regression model was presented to predict the water vapour permeability of knitted spacer fabrics based on course density (CPC) changing.
97 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a potential route to truly functional electronic textiles is through the application of conducting polymers, which will be capable of responding to external stimuli, modifying features of the textile in a direct response to its working environment.
Abstract: Textiles have traditionally been employed over the centuries with great utility in areas as diverse as fashion through to technical textiles. In all these instances the textile itself has been a structural element that once fabricated has limited utility beyond the intended structural and aesthetic application. In recent years there has been a shift towards the incorporation of electronic systems into textile structures. The new paradigm for textiles is the development of systems that not only provide the more traditional aspects of textiles but expands upon this to provide a unique capability to transmit and store information and energy. More importantly these next generation materials will be capable of responding to external stimuli, modifying features of the textile in a direct response to its working environment. A potential route to truly functional electronic textiles is through the application of conducting polymers.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a layered fabric system with electrospun polyurethane fiber web layered on spunbonded nonwoven was developed to examine the feasibility of developing protective textile materials as barriers to liquid penetration using electrospinning.
Abstract: Layered fabric systems with electrospun polyurethane fiber web layered on spunbonded nonwoven were developed to examine the feasibility of developing protective textile materials as barriers to liquid penetration using electrospinning. Barrier performance was evaluated for layered fabric systems, using pesticide mixtures that represent a range of surface tension and viscosity. Air permeability and water vapor transmission were assessed as indications of thermal comfort performance. Protection performance and air/moisture vapor transport properties were compared for layered fabric systems and existing materials for personal protective equipment (PPE). Layered fabric systems with electrospun nanofiber web showed barrier performance in the range between microporous materials and nonwovens used for protective clothing. Layered fabric structures with the web area density of 1.0 and 2.0 g/m2 exhibited air permeability higher than most PPE materials currently in use; moisture vapor transport was in a range comparable to nonwovens and typical woven work clothing fabrics. Comparisons of layered fabric systems and currently available PPE materials indicate that barrier/transport properties that may not be attainable with existing PPE materials could be achieved from layered fabric systems with electrospun nanofibrous web.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the nano-TiO2 and chitosan dispersion system to enhance the mechanical properties of the bombyx mori (B. mori) silk fiber.
Abstract: Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk was modified with the nano-TiO2 and chitosan dispersion system by the crosslinking reactions of citric acid (CA) and maleic anhydride (MA). The average size of the nano-TiO2 particles in the aqueous dispersion system was 36.7 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the nano-TiO2 particles were spherical and homogeneously dispersed in the dispersion system, and the surface ofB. mori silk fiber treated with the nano-TiO2 and chitosan dispersion system was rougher than that of the untreated one. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry indicated that the crystallinity of theB. mori silk fiber increased after treatment. It was also found that the nano-TiO2 and chitosan contributed to significantly enhance the mechanical properties including breaking strength, breaking elongation, initial modulus, rupture work, and elastic recovery property of theB. mori silk fiber. The wrinkle-resistant performance of the treatedB. mori silk fabrics was also greatly improved.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results showed that the dyeing of cotton using the post-mordanting method with ferrous sulfate and calcium hydroxide not only provided better depth of shade but also provided better wash fastness and light fastness than with other mordants (alum; zinc tetrafluoroborate) or without a mordant.
Abstract: The extracted dye from the dried fruit hulls of mangosteen was used as a natural dye for the dyeing of cotton and silk yarn. The optimal conditions for dye extraction were to extract the dried fruit hulls of mangosteen at 80°C for 1 hour with a 15 % w/v citric acid solution in a 1:4 ratio of mangosteen powder to solvent. Cotton dyeing with the extracted dye from the dried fruit hulls of mangosteen was carried out at 60°C for 60 minutes with a material to liquor ratio of 1:25. The effect on dyeing of mordant type with different mordanting methods was studied. The results showed that the dyeing of cotton using the post-mordanting method with ferrous sulfate and calcium hydroxide not only provided better depth of shade but also provided better wash fastness and light fastness than with other mordants (alum; zinc tetrafluoroborate) or without a mordant. Good fastness properties were also obtained using a post-mordanted silk with calcium hydroxide.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dyeing of wool with Marigold as a source of yellow colour was investigated and the chromaticity co-ordinates of samples measured in CIELAB system.
Abstract: This research work involves the dyeing of wool with Marigold as a source of yellow colour. To do this, wool yarns pre-treated with Alum as a colorless mordant, dyed with Marigold and then treated with different percentages of ammonia solutions. The chromaticity co-ordinates of samples measured in CIELAB system. TheL* values of all ammonia treated samples decreased and the values ofa*,b*,C* dependent on the ammonia solution. It can also indicate that the reflectance spectrum of treated samples decreases due to ammonia treatment. The rate of vertical wicking decreases on Marigold dyed treated with ammonia. Color hue of the Marigold dyed wool alters after washing with standard soap and ammonia after-treatment has no influence on washing fastness. The samples dyed with Marigold and after-treated with ammonia show a lower light fastness.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of cold plasma of O2 and N2 gases at various time of exposure on the dyeing and physical properties of polypropylene (PP) fabrics was reported.
Abstract: The low temperature plasma (LTP) technique is used widely to modify polymer and textile materials. This paper describes the development of a plasma system for textile treatment. Polypropylene (PP) has a very low value of the surface free energy (approximately 20–25 mJ/m2). Due to low surface energy, Polypropylene has very weak hydrophilic properties. By controlling the plasma variables, such as the nature of gas, the discharge power, the pressure and the exposure time, a great variety of surface effects can be generated. In this paper, we report the effect of cold plasma of O2 and N2 gases at various time of exposure on the dyeing and physical properties of PP fabrics. The results show a significant increase in the color depth upon dyeing after treating PP fabrics with low temperature plasma of O2 and N2. For comparing the amount of fabrics dye exhaustion, we have used reflective spectrophotometer. The morphology of the modified surfaces has also been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And also FTIR was used to examine the functional groups of the corresponding samples.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, electrospun wool keratose (WK)/silk fibroin (SF) blend nanofiber was prepared and evaluated as a heavy metal ion adsorbent which can be used in water purification field.
Abstract: In this study, electrospun wool keratose (WK)/silk fibroin (SF) blend nanofiber was prepared and evaluated as a heavy metal ion adsorbent which can be used in water purification field. The WK, which was a soluble fraction of oxidized wool keratin fiber, was blended with SF in formic acid. The electrospinnability was greatly improved with an increase of SF content. The structure and properties of WK/SF blend nanofibers were investigated by SEM, FTIR, DMTA and tensile test. Among various WK/SF blend ratios, 50/50 blend nanofiber showed an excellent mechanical property. It might be due to some physical interaction between SF and WK molecules although FTIR result did not show any evidence of molecular miscibility. As a result of metal ion adsorption test, WK/SF blend nanofiber mats exhibited high Cu2+ adsorption capacity compared with ordinary wool sliver at pH 8.5. It might be due to large specific surface area of nanofiber mat as well as numerous functional groups of WK. Consequently, the WK/SF blend nanofiber mats can be a promising candidate as metal ion adsorption filter.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal processing parameters for needle punching nonwoven fabrics in order to work out its maximal strength Taguchi method together with grey relational analysis is employed to resolve the problem as regards multiple-quality optimization.
Abstract: This study is intended for finding out the optimal processing parameters for needle punching nonwoven fabrics in order to work out its maximal strength Taguchi method together with grey relational analysis is employed to resolve the problem as regards multiple-quality optimization, and further discover the optimal combination of processing parameters for needle punching nonwoven fabrics Firstly, orthogonal array L18(21×37) is used to deal with the processing parameters that may exert influence over the manufacturing of needle punching nonwoven fabrics Then grey relational analysis is applied to resolve the deficiency of Taguchi method that focus on single quality characteristic Next, the response table of grey relational analysis is used to obtain the optimal combination of processing parameters for multiple quality characteristics In the current experiment quality characteristic refers to the tensile strength and tear strength of the nonwoven fabrics Additionally, signal-to-noise ratio (SN ratio) calculation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be adopted to explore the experimental results Through ANOVA, the significant factors that exert comparatively significant influence over the quality characteristic of the needle punching nonwoven fabrics, that is, the control factors are determined so that the quality characteristic of the needle punching nonwoven fabrics can be effectively controlled Finally, confirmation experiment is conducted within 95 % confidence interval to verify the experimental reliability and reproducibility
TL;DR: Silk sericin was fabricated into beads using LiCl/DMSO solution as a solvent and Ethanol was the best coagulant among alcohols, making beads with suitable mechanical strength for further application.
Abstract: Silk sericin (SS) was fabricated into beads using LiCl/DMSO solution as a solvent. Up to 30 % (w/v) of SS could be dissolved within 3 hours, and the shape of solidified SS depends on the concentration of SS. Ethanol was the best coagulant among alcohols, making beads with suitable mechanical strength for further application. SS beads swell more at a pH above the isoelectric point (pl) than below the pl. The pH and the presence of an enzyme greatly affect the dissolution rate of SS beads. Whereas only 10 % of SS beads were dissolved at pH 2.2 in the presence of pepsin, more than 45 % of SS beads were dissolved at pH 7.4 in the presence of trypsin. The release of drug was suppressed in a stomach-like environment while promoted in an intestine-like environment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the fabrics developed from the EliTe compact yarns are compared with the fabrics made from normal yarns, and it is observed that the thermal resistivity values of the yarns developed from EliTe® compact yarn are lower than the yarn made from standard yarns indicating they are cooler fabrics compared to normal fabrics.
Abstract: Comfort is one of the most important aspects of clothing. Thermal comfort is related to fabric’s ability to maintain skin temperature and allow transfer of perspiration produced from the body. Properties like thermal resistance, air permeability, water vapor permeability, and liquid water permeability are suggested as critical for thermal comfort of clothed body. In this study the fabrics developed from the EliTe compact yarns are compared with the fabrics made from normal yarns. The thickness of the fabrics made from EliTe® compact yarns is also slightly less than the fabrics made from normal yarns. Fabrics made from EliTe® compact yarns have shown greater air permeability as compared to the fabrics made from normal yarns. It is observed that, thermal resistivity values of the fabrics developed from EliTe® compact yarns are lower than the fabrics made from normal yarns indicating they are cooler fabrics compared to normal fabrics. Fabrics developed from the EliTe® compact yarns have shown slightly higher values of MVTR (moisture vapor transmission rate) as compared to the fabrics made from the normal yarns. The wicking characteristic of fabrics developed from EliTe® compact yarns was slightly higher than the fabrics developed from normal yarns.
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt was made to apply low temperature plasma treatment to improve the antistatic property of polyester fabric, and the results showed that the increase in moisture content would result in shortening of the time for static charges dissipation.
Abstract: Use of low temperature plasma treatment has been attempted in the textile industry and there the has been some success in the dyeing and finishing processes. In this paper, an attempt was made to apply low temperature plasma treatment to improve the antistatic property of polyester fabric. The polyester fabrics were treated under different conditions with low temperature plasma. An orthogonal array testing strategy was employed for obtaining the optimum treatment condition. After low temperature plasma treatment, the polyester fabrics were evaluated with different characterization methods. Under the observation of scanning electron microscope, the surface structure of the polyester fabric treated by low temperature plasma was found to be seriously altered which provided more capacity for polyester to capture moisture and hence increased the static charges dissipation. The relationship between moisture content and half-life decay time for static charges was studied and the results showed that the increase in moisture content would result in shortening of the time for static charges dissipation. Moreover, the antistatic property of the low temperature plasma treated polyester fabric was greatly improved. In addition, the antistatic property of the polyester fabric treated by low temperature plasma was compared with that of the polyester fabric treated with a commercial antistatic finishing agent.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of casting solvent on the structure and miscibility of regenerated silk fibroin (SF)/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend films were investigated.
Abstract: Regenerated silk fibroin(SF)/Poly(vinyl alcohol)[PVA] blend films were prepared using different casting solvents, water and formic acid, to elucidate the effect of casting solvent on the structure and miscibility of SF/PVA blends. FTIR and XRD measurement suggested thatβ-sheet conformation of SF was not changed by addition of PVA in case of formic acid casting and the casting solvent determined the crystallized component of SF/PVA, leading to a different trend in the overall crystallinity between the two blends. The casting solvent had a dominant role in deciding phase behavior and molecular miscibility of blend films. SEM observation and DMTA measurement elucidated that water solvent produced phase-separated blend films while formic acid yielded one phase blend films with partial miscibility in molecular level indicating that the miscibility of SF blend can be improved by choosing a proper co-solvent.
TL;DR: One of the copolymers shows higher shape recovery than any other shape memory copolymer synthesized by us so far, and maintains a surprising 94 % shape recovery after the third cyclic test.
Abstract: Polyurethane block copolymers chemically cross-linked by pentaerythritol, a four-way cross-linker, are tested for the shape memory effect. One of the copolymers shows higher shape recovery than any other shape memory copolymer synthesized by us so far. The copolymer maintains a surprising 94 % shape recovery after the third cyclic test. The four-way cross-linking by pentaerythritol and interaction between hard segments are mainly responsible for the very high shape recovery. Tensile mechanical properties also significantly improve by cross-linking. Glass transition temperature (T
g
) slightly increases with cross-linking content. Other characterization such molecular weight, IR, and X-ray diffraction is also carried out to understand the arrangement of copolymer chains.
TL;DR: In this article, polyurethane foams (PUF) were prepared using alginic acid, glycerin, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as polyols, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a diiscyanate, and water as a foaming agent by one-shot process.
Abstract: In this study, polyurethane foams (PUF) were prepared using alginic acid, glycerin, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as polyols, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a diisocyanate, and water as a foaming agent by one-shot process. Their structura, mechanical, and water-absorbing properties were investigated. The amount of alginic acid was varied up to 30 wt%. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis showed that urethane linkage was formed by the reactions between −NCO groups of diisocyanate and −OH groups of all polyols used. Also urea linkage was formed by the reactions between −NCO groups of HDI and water or −COO− groups of alginic acid. The reaction times for cream forming increased with increasing alginic acid but foam structures were not formed when alginic acid content in polyols was above 30 wt%. The optical micrographs showed that the average cell size of PUF slightly increased with increasing alginic acid. However, the density of PUF decreased with alginic acid content. The compressive modulus of PUF decreased with increasing alginic acid content. In the mean time, the water absorbency of PUF increased with increasing alginic acid content.
TL;DR: The antifungal activity of the methanolic extract of Mahonia napaulensis D.C. or Taming leaves was evaluated with four species of common pathogenic fungi and dyed fabric was tested against fungal species Trichoderma to develop an eco friendly natural antif fungus finish from plant extract ofMahonia for textile application.
Abstract: The antifungal activity of the methanolic extract ofMahonia napaulensis D.C. or Taming (local name) leaves was evaluated with four species of common pathogenic fungi e.g.Colletotrichum capsici (MTCC No. 2071),Leptosphaerulin trifoli (MTCC No. 2328),Alternaria brassicicola (MTCC No. 2102) andHelminthosporium solani (MTCC No. 2075). The present investigation also aims at developing an eco friendly natural antifungal finish from plant extract ofMahonia for textile application. The antifungal textile dyeing was also carried out with aqueous extract of stem and leaves ofMahonia and the dyed fabric was tested against fungal speciesTrichoderma for its antifungal activity in vitro.Mahonia extract showed substantial antifungal activity of 83.33% forLeptosphaerulin trifoli andAlternaria brassicicola by 80 ppm dose in 24 hours and 46% antifungal activity inMahonia dyed pieces in broth againstTrichoderma.
TL;DR: In this paper, a solution cast cellulose acetate (CA) film with anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles was used for solution casting and the film surface was modified by UV irradiation using a grid type UV irradiator.
Abstract: Cellulose acetate (CA) films containing anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared by solution casting. The film surface was modified by UV irradiation using a grid type UV irradiator. The UV irradiation caused slight increase in photodegradation of the CA films with TiO2 compared to the CA film alone. However, CA films irrespective of TiO2 content did not show a significant enzymatic degradation by a cellulase fromAspergillus niger without UV irradiation. Upon UV irradiation, the biodegradability remarkably improved even in the CA film without TiO2. The irradiation of CA films decreased both the water contact angle and the degree of substitution (DS) implying the decrease in acetyl groups of the CA film surface due to the photo-scission of the acetyl group and photooxidation, resulting in more facile biodegradation of the surface film layer. The substantial enhancement in biodegradation of the UV irradiated CA film containing TiO2 was attributed to the increased hydrophilicity, lowered DS and zeta potential due to the photoscission and the photooxidation effect of UV light. Also the increased surface area of the CA film due to the photocatalysis of TiO2 particles may encourage the facile biodegradation.
TL;DR: The DAPHT-treated cotton fabric had durable antimicrobial properties up to 50 standard washing cycles and was rechargeable under normal laundry/bleaching conditions and the antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated.
Abstract: N-halamines serve as important antimicrobial agents. Development of this class of compounds has been shown to provide benefits especially from a biocidal point of view. A novels-triazine-basedN-heterocycle, dichloro-m-aminophenyl-hydantoinyl-s-triazine (DAPHT), which could be rendered antimicrobial through exposure to diluted chlorine bleach, was synthesized and characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR, and FT-IR. A finishing method was used to apply theN-halamine precursor onto cotton fabric, and the optimum conditions for finishing were investigated. The DAPHT-treated cotton fabric had durable antimicrobial properties up to 50 standard washing cycles and was rechargeable under normal laundry/bleaching conditions. The antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated.
TL;DR: In this paper, rigid polyurethane foams were prepared using starch as the main component of polyols and their structural, thermal, and mechanical properties were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopic analysis.
Abstract: In this study, rigid polyurethane foams were prepared using starch as the main component of polyols and their structural, thermal, and mechanical properties were investigated. The starch content in polyols was 30∼50 wt.%. The prepared polyurethane foams had a cell structure. When the starch content and -NCO/-OH molar ratio (TS4-05, TS3-07, and TS3-05) was low, polyurethane foams were not formed. To confirm the formation of a urethane linkage between -OH of the starch and -NCO of the 2,4-TDI, FT-IR spectroscopic analysis was performed. The thermal properties of polyurethane foams were analyzed by DSC and TGA. DSC thermograms showed two endothermic peaks: a sharp peak at a lower temperature and a broad peak at a higher temperature. Both peaks were shifted to higher temperature with starch content in polyols and -NCO/-OH molar ratio. Thermal degradation of polyurethane foams began at a lower temperature and ended at a higher temperature than that of starch. The impact resistance, compressive stress and modulus of polyurethane foams increased with -NCO/-OH molar ratio and starch content.
TL;DR: In this article, a polyurethane foams were prepared using sodium alginate as a polyol, and characterized by optical microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, density measurements, volume swelling, and water absorbency.
Abstract: Hydrophilic and flexible polyurethane foams were prepared using sodium alginate as a polyol, and characterized by optical microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, density measurements, volume swelling, and water absorbency. Optical microscopy revealed that the resulting cells were closed with round and elongated shapes. FT-IR confirmed that the urethane linkages were formed between the isocyanate and sodium-alginate. As an indirect measurement of porosity, the apparent density indicated an initial decrease followed by an increase with increasing glycerin content. The volume-swelling ratio was initially constant, followed by a gradual decrease with glycerin content. The volume swelling ratio increased with PEG molecular weight. The water absorbency initially increased, followed by a decrease with increasing glycerin content. The correlation-ships between water absorbency, density, and volume-swelling ratio indicated that the absorbency was predominantly influenced by density when the PEG molecular weight was low and was greatly affected by the volume-swelling ratio when the PEG molecular weight was relatively high.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied polyurethane(PU)-sealing (single-sealing vs. doublesealing) onto the electroless metal plated polyester fabrics (Ripstop vs. Mesh) to reinforce the electrical durability.
Abstract: Electroless metal plated fabrics are favorable to be used as e-textiles due to the excellent conductivity and peculiar properties of textiles such as flexibility. But, the electrical durability is not enough to be used as e-textiles. Therefore, we applied polyurethane(PU)-sealing (single-sealing vs. double-sealing) onto the electroless metal plated polyester fabrics (Ripstop vs. Mesh) to reinforce the electrical durability. We investigated the changes of electrical properties of the PU-sealed metal plated fabrics after laundering by a multi-meter, examined the surface changes using scanning electron microscope, and checked the metal existence using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. And, we finally proved the possibility of the fabric strips as transmission lines by alternating conventional earphone lines. PU double-sealing showed higher performance on Ripstop polyester fabrics even after being laundered 10 times, which was almost the same as Cu-based typical conductive lines did.
TL;DR: In this paper, the compatibility of the eight members of the dye set was investigated and the use of dye combinations to achieve synergistic uptake on PLA was explored leading to the pronounced synergism with a mixture of CI Disperse Blue 374 and 284.
Abstract: In Part 1 of this study, the dyeability, color shade, wash, light fastness and compatibility of homogeneous disperse dyes on PLA fabric and PET fabric were reported. The present paper (Part 2) focuses on the application of commercial disperse dyes to PLA fabric. Specific areas of investigation are the coloration properties of dyes originally intended for the production of high lightfastness polyester fabrics or for application to cellulose diacetate. The compatibility of the eight members of the dye set was investigated. In terms of lightfastness, the ratings were higher than that of conventional disperse dyes. In addition, the use of dye combinations to achieve synergistic uptake on PLA was explored leading to the pronounced synergism with a mixture of CI Disperse Blue 374 and 284.
TL;DR: In this paper, a vertical wicking model based on Darcy's law was developed to describe the wicking behavior of fabric, and the model, the methodology and the results could provide an insight into fabric design to produce fabric with an optimum wicking performance.
Abstract: Vertical wicking model was developed based on Darcy’s law. In the model, permeability coefficient, capillary pressure and fabric thickness were used as the key parameters to describe wicking behavior. For the simulation and test, fiber type and fabric structure were chosen as variables. In a highly porous knit fabric, gravitational effect during the wicking process was significant. The higher the capillary pressure was, the higher was the wicking rise. Surface wetting tension, i.e., the specific fluid affinity of material, was newly defined to characterize different capillary pressures in various types of fabric structures. The model, the methodology and the results could provide an insight into fabric design to produce fabric with an optimum wicking performance.
TL;DR: A printed fabrics computerized color separation system based on backward-propagation neural network, whose primary function is to separate rich color of printed fabrics pattern so as to reduce time-consuming manual color separation color matching of current players is proposed.
Abstract: Textile production must be coupled with hi-tech assistant system to save cost of labor, material, time. Therefore color quality control is one very important step in any textiles, however excellent the fabric material itself is, if it lacks good color, then it may still result in dull sale. Therefore, this paper proposes a printed fabrics computerized color separation system based on backward-propagation neural network, whose primary function is to separate rich color of printed fabrics pattern so as to reduce time-consuming manual color separation color matching of current players. What it adopted was RGB color space, expressed in red, green, and blue. Analyze color features of printed fabrics, use gene algorithm to find sub-image with same color distribution as original image of printed fabrics yet smaller area, for later color separation algorithm use. In terms of color separation algorithm, this paper relied on supervised backward-propagation neural network to conduct color separation of printed fabrics RGB sub-image, and utilized PANTONE® standard color ticket to do color matching, so as to realize accurate color separation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of 100 % PES core-spun threads were studied before and after the sewing process at different stitching speeds, by determination of the threads tensile force during sewing process and by changes of the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties after sewing process.
Abstract: The properties of 100 % PES core-spun threads were studied before and after the sewing process at different stitching speeds, by determination of the threads tensile force during the sewing process and by changes of the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties after the sewing process. This analytical method is especially advantageous when monitoring contemporary thermal and mechanical effects, as is the case when loading the sewing thread. Loadings during the sewing process cause structural changes in the thread-twisted fibres. This is confirmed by changes in the thermo-mechanical properties after the sewing process. Simultaneously, changes in the threads mechanical properties after sewing were also observed.
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of D-lactic acid from rice by fermentation using microorganisms was described, and some micro-organisms were found to be active for producing D-Lactic acid of high optical purity after an intensive screening test using glucose as substrate.
Abstract: This study describes the synthesis of D-lactic acid from rice by fermentation using microorganisms. Some micro-organisms were found to be active for producing D-lactic acid of high optical purity after an intensive screening test for D-lactic acid bacteria using glucose as substrate. Rice powder was hydrolyzed with a combination of enzymes:α-amylase,β-amylase, and pullulanase, and the resultant rice saccharificate was subjected to the fermentation with the selected D-lactic acid bacteria. After the optimization of this fermentation it has been confirmed that D-lactic acid can be manufactured in a pilot scale.
TL;DR: In this paper, a durable aroma finishing for PET fabric was carried out by adopting polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) nanoparticles containing lavender oil (LO) in core.
Abstract: A durable aroma finishing for PET fabric was carried out by adopting poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) nanoparticles containing lavender oil (LO) in core. Relatively small size of PVAc nanoparticles (ca. 244 nm of mean particle diameter) was expected to resist the frictional destruction of the particles, which is frequently observed in cases of microcapsules. PVAc nanoparticles containing LO in core were prepared by emulsification-diffusion method and their application as an aroma releasing agent for PET fabrics was assessed through the observation of releasing profiles of LO in ethanol for experimental acceleration. Melamine-formaldehyde (MF) microcapsules containing LO were also prepared and treated on fabrics for comparison. PVAc nanoparticles treated on PET fabric showed higher initial releasing amount, which was ascribed to the enhanced surface area. After 2 days of releasing, PET fabric treated with PVAc nanoparticles showed slower and more stable releasing profile and reached about 12 ppm of cumulative release after 16 days, which was under two thirds of that with MF microcapsules. PVAc nanoparticles can be used as an agent for durable aroma finishing of PET fabrics.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of seam types and directions on fabric drape was analyzed using a Cusick Drape meter with a video camera and a Drape Analyser, and the results showed that the number of folds on the samples with seams was greater, or in some cases, equal to samples without seams.
Abstract: Clothe drape depends, on the one hand, on the mechanical and constructional properties of the textile materials and, on the other hand, on the form — construction of the cloth, and their connected positions at the seams. This article analyses the influence of seam types and directions on fabric drape. The drape coefficient together with the number and distribution of folds were determined using a Cusick Drape meter with a video camera and Drape Analyser. The results of our investigation showed that the number of folds on the samples with seams was greater, or in some cases, equal to samples without seams. The distribution and form of the folds also changed. Drape coefficient was, in most cases, greater on samples with seams than samples without seams. Furthermore it was discovered that by measurement repetition the angle values are similar even when the folds on the samples are not distributed in the same manner.