Showing papers in "Fire Safety Journal in 2009"

TL;DR: A rule-based generic color model for flame pixel classification using YCbCr color space to separate the luminance from the chrominance more effectively than color spaces such as RGB or rgb is proposed.

TL;DR: In this article, a new vision sensor-based fire-detection method for an early warning fire-monitoring system was proposed, where candidate fire regions were detected using modified versions of previous related methods, such as the detection of moving regions and fire-colored pixels.

TL;DR: A generalized pyrolysis model that can be used to simulate the gasification of a variety of combustible solids encountered in fires is presented in this paper. But the model is not suitable for the simulation of large-scale fires.

TL;DR: In this article, an extensive experimental study on the compressive and splitting tensile strength of high-strength concrete with and without polypropylene (PP) fibers after heating to 600°C was presented.

TL;DR: In this article, a one-dimensional numerical model to predict fire-induced spalling in concrete structures is presented, which is based on pore pressure calculations in concrete, as a function of time.

TL;DR: A novel method for smoke characterization using wavelets and support vector machines is proposed and the results are impressive with limited false alarms.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of an extensive testing program on the fire behaviour of cross-laminated timber panels under ISO-fire exposure were discussed and compared with homogeneous timber panels.

TL;DR: In this paper, an evacuation experiment was performed in a road tunnel in order to investigate how motorists behave and emotionally respond when exposed to a fire emergency, how information and way-finding systems are perceived and whether green flashing lights can influence exit choice.

TL;DR: This paper explores how the reuse of computer game technology can aid in the rapid prototyping of virtual environments which can be populated with fire drill evacuation scenarios and indicates clustering in the results based on participants’ previous gaming experience.

TL;DR: In this paper, a research project based on experimental studies was undertaken to investigate the deterioration of mechanical properties of light-gauged cold-formed steels at elevated temperatures, and new predictive equations were developed for the properties of yield strength and elasticity modulus.

TL;DR: In this paper, a measurement device dedicated to the experimental study of wildland fires is presented, consisting of a thermocouple and two heat flux gauges (radiant and total) fixed on an insulated support.

TL;DR: In this paper, the residual compressive strength of concrete with different mixture proportions at elevated temperatures was evaluated using ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and a general equation was proposed for residual strength prediction.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of high temperatures on the strength and microstructure (e.g. pore structure, porosity) of CPBs through a series of experimental tests is investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, ribbed steel bars of 8mm diameter are embedded in C20 and C35 concrete blocks with embedment lengths of 6, 10 and 12 cm. Pull-out tests are carried out on the specimens, and the effects of elevated temperatures on the residual bond strength are investigated by comparing the results against unheated specimens.

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation into the influence of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of steel reinforcement is described, which includes tests carried out at ambient temperature as well as under steady-state and transient elevated temperature conditions.

TL;DR: The Dalmarnock Fire Test One (DFTone) as discussed by the authors is a series of experiments conducted in 2006 in a high-rise building in order to assess the state-of-the-art of fire simulations using a round-robin approach.

TL;DR: In this paper, compressive and splitting tensile strength of concretes cured for different periods and exposed to high temperatures were obtained. And the effects of the duration of curing, maximum temperature and the type of cooling on the strengths of concrete were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, two optical measuring techniques have been investigated, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and phase Doppler anemometry (PDA), for the measurement of droplet velocities and droplet size.

TL;DR: In this paper, path analysis is used to analyze telephone data obtained from WTC survivors to empirically determine if the theories from community evacuation hold true for building fires, specifically in WTC 1 and 2, which forced one of the largest evacuations from high-rise buildings in US history.

TL;DR: In this paper, the propagation of grassland fires is simulated using a fully physical based model, partially developed during the FIRESTAR European Union programme, based on a multiphase formulation, including the calculation of the degradation of the vegetation (by dehydration and pyrolysis) and the turbulent/reactive flow resulting from the mixing between the ambient gas (wind flow) and pyrolizate.

TL;DR: An image-processing technique for automatic real-time flame and smoke detection in a tunnel environment and the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithms are shown by a comparison of the characteristics of each algorithm.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of nanoclay and fire retardants (aluminium tri-hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide) on the fire retardancy of a polymer blend of EVA and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the cone calorimeter.

TL;DR: In this paper, full-scale fire experiments in tunnels with roof openings are carried out, which were rarely reported in the previous references, in order to assess the possibility of exhausting smoke through passive roof openings and the influence of smoke on personnel in the tunnels.

TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental technique is developed to quantify the absorption of thermal energy in black PMMA (Polycast) by in-depth radiation in semi-transparent media. And an analytical model is developed for predicting time to ignition for such indepth heating situations.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the possibility of using Bayesian belief nets for estimating the extent of a fire in a building, given any combination of possible conditions and any unexpected course of events during an emergency.

TL;DR: The UK High-rise Evacuation Evaluation Database (HEED) as discussed by the authors was created to capture the detailed and multifaceted behaviour and experiences of the evacuees in a relational database which would facilitate the answering of research questions relating to the evacuation of high-rise buildings, including questions related to people with disabilities.

TL;DR: In this article, a network model is described that is capable of accounting for all of the complex interactions among the variables that affect the movement of smoke via an elevator shaft and ultimately into occupied floors within the structure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of hydroxy silicone oil (HSO) as a synergistic agent on the flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites (IFR-PP) were studied, and the IFR system mainly consisted of the ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER).

TL;DR: In this paper, a stainless pan filled with alcohol was used as the fire source and was placed inside a cubic compartment of 900mm side, where temperatures and velocities at various points inside and outside of the compartment were measured.