Showing papers in "IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics in 1996"
TL;DR: An IC for consumer 100 Hz television has been designed and described in this article, which applies motion estimation and compensation algorithms for high-quality field rate upconversion and a judder-free motion portrayal of movie material.
Abstract: An IC for consumer 100 Hz television has been designed and is described in this paper. It applies motion estimation and compensation algorithms for high-quality field rate upconversion and a judder-free motion portrayal of movie material. Noise reduction and vertical zoom are also included on-chip. The IC processes luminance as well as chrominance, and automatically adapts to movie-material. A new design methodology and new test concepts have been developed to meet the economical demands. Because the product readily fits in current 100 Hz TV concepts, increased functionality is added cost-effectively.
73 citations
TL;DR: An integrated circuit (IC) design for a decoder of a 64-state binary convolutional code is implemented based on a reduced-state adaptive Viterbi algorithm for which the decoding speed is faster than the standard VA while the error performance remains almost the same.
Abstract: We implement an integrated circuit (IC) design for a decoder of a 64-state binary convolutional code. The decoder is based on a reduced-state adaptive Viterbi algorithm (VA) for which the decoding speed is faster than the standard VA while the error performance remains almost the same. With the adaptive VA, less bits are needed to store and to calculate the metrics of the decoding trellis and less power dissipation is needed, as compared to the standard VA. The IC design is based on a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The number of quantization levels in the decoding is Q=8.
43 citations
TL;DR: A novel block-matching criterion for motion estimation called reduced bits mean absolute difference (RBMAD) is presented, which reduces hardware requirement and increases the speed of computation in VLSI chip with acceptable video performance.
Abstract: The block-matching motion estimation is the most popular technique for motion compensated coding of image sequence. Due to the intensive computational requirement to perform motion estimation (ME) in real-time, application specific VLSI implementation of the ME is indispensable. We present a novel block-matching criterion for motion estimation called reduced bits mean absolute difference (RBMAD). By comparison with conventional schemes, our scheme reduces hardware requirement and increases the speed of computation in VLSI chip with acceptable video performance. We describe in detail the video performances of proposed criterion and conventional ones. We also show our VLSI implementation using the proposed scheme to compare the hardware requirement and operating speed with conventional ones. It is found that RBMAD using 4 bits has reasonable video performance with 57% less VLSI area and 34% faster, thus it is suitable for low cost applications of video coding.
42 citations
TL;DR: The wavelet transform is used in this paper to do the image mosaic by choosing the width of mosaic transition zone proportional to the frequency represented in the band.
Abstract: Mosaic techniques have been used to combine two or more signals into a new one with an invisible seam, and with as little distortion of each signal as possible. Multiresolution representation is an effective method for analyzing the information content of signals, and it also fits a wide spectrum of visual signal processing and visual communication applications. The wavelet transform is one kind of multiresolution representation, and has found a wide variety of application in many aspects, including signal analysis, image coding, image processing, computer vision and etc. Due to its characteristic of multiresolution signal decomposition, the wavelet transform is used in this paper to do the image mosaic by choosing the width of mosaic transition zone proportional to the frequency represented in the band. Both 1-D and 2-D signal mosaics are described, and some factors which affect the mosaics are discussed.
38 citations
TL;DR: Simulation results have shown that the ANS-DM technique has good improvement over linear delta modulation, adaptive delta modulation (ADM) and NS-DM on the compression ratio, the SQNR, and the dynamic range.
Abstract: Adaptive non-uniform sampling delta modulation (ANS-DM), a modification of the non-uniform sampling delta modulation (NS-DM) technique, is proposed and examined. The proposed technique has been applied to audio and image processing; simulation results have shown that the ANS-DM technique has good improvement over linear delta modulation (LDM), adaptive delta modulation (ADM) and NS-DM on the compression ratio, the SQNR, and the dynamic range.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new IC for economy TV 2-D spatial noise filtering has been designed and is described in this paper, which includes a novel circuit for noise-level estimation for optimal filtering under varying reception conditions.
Abstract: Because television sets are often used in areas where the reception conditions are less than optimal, the inclusion of a noise reduction filter in the receiver adds an attractive feature. A new IC for economy TV 2-D spatial noise filtering has been designed and is described in this paper. It includes a novel circuit for noise-level estimation for optimal filtering under varying reception conditions. When cascaded with commonly-available motion-adaptive temporal noise filters, a high quality 3-D concept for high-end TV results. The average improvement in noise level is some 3 dB in stand-alone operation, and some 6 dB when cascaded.
28 citations
TL;DR: An iterative learning scheme to deal with the periodic off-track errors in the track-following control system for optical disk drives is proposed and a sufficient condition for the convergence of the learning algorithm in the presence of bounded modeling uncertainty is shown.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose an iterative learning scheme to deal with the periodic off-track errors in the track-following control system for optical disk drives. The periodic errors could be taken into account more effectively by employing an iterative learning algorithm since the errors of the previous period are used to improve the performance of current period. We show a sufficient condition for the convergence of the learning algorithm in the presence of bounded modeling uncertainty. In addition, the effects of the initial state error on the tracking performance are analyzed. Finally, the proposed learning algorithm is demonstrated to be feasible through experiments applying it to the track-following control for an optical disk drive.
24 citations
TL;DR: The proposed model provides an efficient structure in terms of adaptability and flexibility for DVD authoring and the needs of the authoring system model are addressed from the viewpoint of object encapsulation and data formatting.
Abstract: A hierarchical layered model for the implementation of DVD authoring system is proposed in this paper. By employing the hierarchical model, each object can be handled separately in the higher level of the hierarchy and the DVD format-specific bit stream can be generated in the lower levels. An object building tool that maintains a list of the hierarchical dependencies among DVD objects together with the actions to be applied to these objects is also proposed to ensure the consistency of the objects between the different layers of the hierarchy, and for the verification of the produced title sets, a reference player model is proposed. The issues in implementing a model for the DVD authoring system are discussed, and the needs of the authoring system model are addressed from the viewpoint of object encapsulation and data formatting. The proposed model provides an efficient structure in terms of adaptability and flexibility for DVD authoring.
22 citations
TL;DR: A couple of algorithms which can be used to adaptively control the spindle motor of a CD-ROM drive so that the average bit rate can be increased while preserving the servo-mechanical requirements are described.
Abstract: The paper describes a couple of algorithms which can be used to adaptively control the spindle motor of a CD-ROM drive so that the average bit rate can be increased while preserving the servo-mechanical requirements. These algorithms fill in the gap between constant angular velocity (CAV) and constant linear velocity (CLV) control and are based on the so-called quasi-CLV control of the spindle motor which is also described.
21 citations
TL;DR: A novel image compression technique based on quadtree segmented two-dimensional predictive coding for exploiting correlation between adjacent image blocks and uniformity in variable block size image blocks is presented.
Abstract: A novel image compression technique is presented for low cost multimedia applications. The technique is based on quadtree segmented two-dimensional predictive coding for exploiting correlation between adjacent image blocks and uniformity in variable block size image blocks. Low complexity visual pattern block truncation coding (VP-BTC) defined with a set of sixteen visual patterns is employed to code the high activity image blocks. Simulation results showed that the new technique achieved high performance with superior subjective quality at low bit rate.
21 citations
TL;DR: Through the use of the implemented filter hardware for the modulator, spectral reg growth in nonlinear amplified IS-95 CDMA is demonstrated and is shown to correlate very closely with computer simulation, leading to a cross-correlative technique that will improve spectral regrowth for CDMA systems.
Abstract: An efficient filter design method for the design of a relatively complex low pass filter specified in the IS-95 code division multiple access (CDMA) standard is presented The described circuit details and algorithm have been tested by means of computer simulation and hardware experimental result. Using field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology, a low power and gate count finite impulse response (FIR) filter design for the transmitter is realized. For the receiver, canonical digit representation of signed numbers are used to reduce the complexities in multiply operations. The critical spectral degradation due to quantization error of the sample and due to truncation of coefficient accuracy is simulated. Practical design guidelines are provided. The described design details demystify the challenging concept and difficulty in an IS-95 standardized filter. In addition, through the use of the implemented filter hardware for the modulator, spectral regrowth in nonlinear amplified IS-95 CDMA is demonstrated and is shown to correlate very closely with computer simulation. This work leads to a cross-correlative technique that will improve spectral regrowth for CDMA systems. Similar methods are being employed in Feher's (1995) family of PSK modulation schemes, a technique which yields lower spectral regrowth in nonlinearly amplified channels.
TL;DR: A new D-VHS system developed on the basis of the VHS video tape recording format has been developed for recording digital data compatible with digital broadcast systems.
Abstract: A new D-VHS system developed on the basis of the VHS video tape recording format has been developed for recording digital data compatible with digital broadcast systems. The system can handle a variety of digital formats to meet the diverse needs of multimedia applications.
TL;DR: The results show that the design of new displays for HDTV should guarantee a large screen with adequate contrast in order not to make the higher definition contribution ineffectual.
Abstract: An investigation, based on subjective tests according to ITU Recommendation 500, was carried out to correlate the TV contrast-definition parameters to the subjective quality perceived by the viewers. The results show that high definition pictures (HDTV), with reduced contrast, and standard definition pictures (SDTV), with high contrast, are of comparable quality. Tests were carried out with the HDTV design viewing distance equal to 3 times the screen height (DVD=3H). A test using the preferred viewing distance (PVD) was also carried out. PVD is a subjective parameter and a function of screen height. For the 38", HDTV, 16/9 screen used in this test, PVD was 5.2 H. The results show that the design of new displays for HDTV should guarantee a large screen with adequate contrast in order not to make the higher definition contribution ineffectual.
TL;DR: Theoretical analysis and experimental results have shown that the NSDM technique has a higher coding efficiency, a larger signal-to-quantization-noise ratio and wider dynamic range than those of conventional linear delta modulation (LDM).
Abstract: A new digital audio recording and reproduction system based on a nonuniform sampling delta modulation (NSDM) technique is presented. Theoretical analysis and experimental results have shown that the NSDM technique has a higher coding efficiency, a larger signal-to-quantization-noise ratio and wider dynamic range than those of conventional linear delta modulation (LDM).
TL;DR: It is shown that using this novel type of OOCs, the proposed code fully guarantees the peaks of its cross-correlation functions and the sidelobes of its autocorrelation function to equal "1" which is the minimum correlation constraint for incoherent optical signal processing, and therefore, high-performance VBR video transmission can be realized.
Abstract: Code-division multiplexing (CDM) systems using a novel optical orthogonal code (OOC) are proposed for multichannel variable-bit-rate (VBR) video transmission over an optical fiber channel. Compared with a conventional OOC, the proposed code fully guarantees the peaks of its cross-correlation functions and the sidelobes of its autocorrelation function to equal "1" which is the minimum correlation constraint for incoherent optical signal processing, and therefore, high-performance VBR video transmission can be realized. We also give an approach for designing novel OOCs and present the principle of VBR video transmission systems using optical fiber CDM. To verify the correlation characteristics of the proposed OOC, we also demonstrate an experiment on the two-channel optical fiber CDM system. It is shown that using this novel type of OOCs one can implement a more cost-effective CDM system for VBR video transmission than the use of conventional OOCs.
TL;DR: By using the FDS as a face-to-face communicator, the authors demonstrate its potential as a standard multimedia platform.
Abstract: A prototype of a foldable-display system (FDS) that uses two active-matrix liquid crystal displays (LCDs) has been developed. The display images can be inverted and an automatic viewing-angle-control function lets users on both sides of the FDS see the image clearly. By using the FDS as a face-to-face communicator, the authors demonstrate its potential as a standard multimedia platform.
TL;DR: The overall receiver design gives satisfactory performance under AWGN, multipath fading and timing drift and the practical operation of the design is verified via HDL construction and simulation.
Abstract: We develop and simulate algorithms required for the front end of the baseband Grand-Alliance high-definition television (G-A HDTV) receiver. This includes noncoherent and coherent automatic gain controls, IF-FPLL polarity detection, segment synchronization and symbol timing recovery. Especially, we propose a simple polarity detection algorithm that resolves the bi-stability of the IF-FPLL unit used in the G-A, HDTV receiver and a segment synchronization algorithm that can be implemented with reduced complexity compared to that proposed by Sgrignoli, Bretl and Citta (see ibid., vol.41, no.3, p.367, 1995) and Bretl, Sgrignoli and Snopko (see ibid., vol.41, no.3, p.773, 1995). Computer simulation results show that the overall receiver design gives satisfactory performance under AWGN, multipath fading and timing drift. Finite bit precision simulations are also performed to determine the proper bit precisions required for each of the functional blocks for circuit implementation. The practical operation of the design is verified via HDL construction and simulation.
TL;DR: This paper analyses the applicability of OFDM modulation when combined with CDMA for multimedia wireless systems operating in an indoor environment and provides both BER performance and computational cost of the most important procedures that are to be implemented within multimedia terminals.
Abstract: This paper analyses the applicability of OFDM modulation when combined with CDMA for multimedia wireless systems operating in an indoor environment. We demonstrate the motivations and benefits deriving from this combination. Particular emphasis is given to channel equalisation techniques, designed to face different problems arising in the up-link and in the down-link. In particular, an equalisation technique based on channel inversion, combined with carrier interleaving and adaptive suppression of noisy carriers, is proposed in the down-link, while a pre-equalisation approach is used in the up-link. The analysis provides both BER performance and computational cost of the most important procedures that are to be implemented within multimedia terminals. The computational cost analysis is carried out using commercial DSP platforms.
TL;DR: A hardware efficient algorithm for the phase/gain tracking loop block which tracks out the residual phase noise and slowly varying gain error at the output of the channel equalizer is proposed.
Abstract: The Grand Alliance VSB HDTV system is a terrestrial HDTV broadcasting standard for the USA. We propose a hardware efficient algorithm for the phase/gain tracking loop block which tracks out the residual phase noise and slowly varying gain error at the output of the channel equalizer. In the proposed algorithm, the phase error is calculated using a modified decision directed (DD) method where a stop-and-go type flag is used to allow the update of the de-rotation phase only when the sign of the DD phase error is considered to be reliable. Computer simulations are performed and the satisfactory performance of the phase/gain tracking loop is verified.
TL;DR: Basic trade-offs between the rate of combined DC-free runlength-limited (DCRLL) modulation codes and the amount of suppression of low-frequency components are presented and results are obtained by means of a numerical study of dependencies between statistical properties of ideal, "maxentropic" DCRLL sequences.
Abstract: Basic trade-offs between the rate of combined DC-free runlength-limited (DCRLL) modulation codes and the amount of suppression of low-frequency components are presented. The main results are obtained by means of a numerical study of dependencies between statistical properties of ideal, "maxentropic" DCRLL sequences. The numerical results are mathematically founded by proving the observed behavior of the Shannon capacity of the DCRLL constraints for asymptotically large values of digital sum variation. Presented characteristics of maxentropic DCRLL sequences comply with the corresponding properties of maxentropic pure DC-free sequences, as previously considered by Justesen (1982) and Immink (1991). Knowledge of the maxentropic bounds enables us to evaluate the performances of implemented DCRLL codes with respect to their low-frequency suppression capability. Among the considered codes are the EFM code as applied in the compact disc system, and the EFMPlus code which has been adopted as the coding format of the DVD system.
TL;DR: Different encryption methods to secure the transmission or storage of compressed data are proposed and evaluated in a manner that allows high encryption and decryption rates, simple key management and utilization of widely available encryption algorithms such as the DES (data encryption standard).
Abstract: In most progressive image coding techniques the compressed data vary in importance for reconstructing the original image. Obtaining certain parts of these data by an eavesdropper could reveal significant information about the transmitted or stored image. In this paper different encryption methods to secure the transmission or storage of such data are proposed and evaluated. The methods are chosen in a manner that allows high encryption and decryption rates, simple key management and utilization of widely available encryption algorithms such as the DES (data encryption standard). Effects of channel noise on the encrypted data are also considered and a modification of these methods to combat channel errors is also proposed and evaluated.
TL;DR: A novel histogram-based chromatic barycenter algorithm for computing the similarity between images that is simple, intuitive, and thus easy to implement and an ideal tool for realtime and interactive multimedia applications with JPEG and MPEG data.
Abstract: We propose in this paper a novel histogram-based chromatic barycenter algorithm for computing the similarity between images. The algorithm is simple, intuitive, and thus easy to implement. With its high precision and recall rates, the algorithm can be used as retrieval and scene change detection methods in very large video and image databases. When being used to process DCT based compressed data, the algorithm is even more efficient, as some of the time consuming decompression procedures can be skipped. This makes the algorithm an ideal tool for realtime and interactive multimedia applications with JPEG and MPEG data.
TL;DR: Simulation results show that the proposed variable block size variable rate vector quantization scheme achieved better subjective image quality with higher PSNR at a reduced bit rate as compared with the fixed block sizeVariable rate vectorquantization scheme.
Abstract: In video and image compression, vector quantization can be fixed rate or variable rate depending on how the encoding codebook is structured. Previous variable rate vector quantization schemes using greedy tree growing algorithm partitions images into fixed size blocks and has not exploited the correlation in the low detail blocks. A new and efficient variable rate vector quantization scheme based on variable block size quadtree segmentation is proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed variable block size variable rate vector quantization scheme achieved better subjective image quality with higher PSNR at a reduced bit rate as compared with the fixed block size variable rate vector quantization scheme.
TL;DR: A determinate global data transfer timing scheme will significantly reduce the complexity of global control and ease constraints on sub-modules and allow to construct functional modules based on an explicit performance and data flow requirement.
Abstract: A determinate global data transfer timing scheme will significantly reduce the complexity of global control and ease constraints on sub-modules. Such a scheme allows to construct functional modules based on an explicit performance and data flow requirement. A very low gate count hardware architecture for MPEG decoder is presented to demonstrate the concept.
TL;DR: A new method is proposed for design of dye-coated filters to improve the purity of projection TV systems by maximizing the chroma values of the primary colors or the volume of the color gamut in a 3-D uniform color space.
Abstract: A new method is proposed for design of dye-coated filters to improve the purity of projection TV systems. Rather than simply basing the color performance criterion on chromatic saturation, the optimum dye concentration is found by maximizing the chroma values of the primary colors or the volume of the color gamut in a 3-D uniform color space.
TL;DR: In this article, the principle of the twin-actuator CD-ROM drive and the improvement it brings to the access performance are described, and a novel one-sledge twin actuator construction is presented which leads to very short seek times.
Abstract: This paper describes the principle of the twin-actuator CD-ROM drive and the improvement it brings to the access performance. After a brief introduction, a novel one-sledge twin-actuator construction is presented which leads to very short seek times. An adaptive twin-actuator construction is also described. Finally, some calculations for systems with two independent actuators are carried out. The seek performance of a twin-actuator drive is calculated as related to a standard CD-ROM benchmark.
TL;DR: This paper describes the design of a VLSI architecture for the trellis decoder block on a single-chip FEC (forward error correction) decoder supporting both the 8 VSB terrestrial broadcast mode and the 16 VSB high data-rate mode for cable proposed by the digital HDTV Grand Alliance.
Abstract: This paper describes the design of a VLSI architecture for the trellis decoder block on a single-chip FEC (forward error correction) decoder supporting both the 8 VSB terrestrial broadcast mode and the 16 VSB high data-rate mode for cable proposed by the digital HDTV Grand Alliance (GA). The trellis decoder block consists of 12 trellis decoders, each of which is designed for the GA 8 VSB mode. In the proposed architecture, a unique branch metric unit is devised and employed for both the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and the 1-D partial response channel. This makes the implementation complexity of the proposed trellis decoder much the same as that of a usual 8-state trellis decoder. The proposed trellis decoder works as the partial response trellis decoder when the NTSC rejection filter is activated to reduce the NTSC cochannel interference, while it works as the optimal trellis decoder when there is little or no NTSC interference.
TL;DR: Optimized digital NTSC picture coding in which circuit and system configurations are simplified by lowering the sampling frequency and quantizing level is described.
Abstract: This paper describes optimized digital NTSC picture coding in which circuit and system configurations are simplified by lowering the sampling frequency and quantizing level. The sampling frequency and quantizing level are determined based on the subjective evaluation of the reproduced picture quality. In accordance with the result of the subjective evaluation, the digital NTSC picture containing one third of the information as compared with that of the normal digital NTSC picture was found to be satisfactory. Although the digital NTSC picture coding system normally uses a sampling frequency of 4/spl times/ fsc (fsc: the color subcarrier frequency of the NTSC system) with a quantizing level of 8 bits, the subjective evaluation leads to the result of a sampling frequency of 2.28/spl times/ fsc with a quantizing level of 5 bits.
TL;DR: A new generalized framework for VOD transmission on future high-speed BISDN is investigated and constructed by using some new concepts and mechanisms of UNIX to make every multimedia-based server serve the same information service to large volume of users simultaneously.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate and construct a new generalized framework for VOD transmission on future high-speed BISDN in order to make every multimedia-based server serve the same information service to large volume of users simultaneously by using some new concepts and mechanisms of UNIX. The socket mechanism of 4.3 BSD UNIX, playing a critical role in the framework, has been studied. The software developments have already been made. In addition, some future works on the generalized framework have been pointed out briefly.
TL;DR: The transform and the motion estimation parts are removed and the quantizer and the entropy coder are modified in the PVC-II as compared with the traditional video coder, and the cost and complexity of developing multimedia applications can be largely reduced.
Abstract: A new generation of real-time software-based video coder, the Popular Video Coder II (PVC-II), is presented.. The transform and the motion estimation parts are removed and the quantizer and the entropy coder are modified in the PVC-II as compared with the traditional video coder. Moreover, the PVC-II improves the coding performance of its previous version, the Popular Video Coder, by introducing several newly developed efficient coding techniques, such as the adaptive quantizer, the adaptive resolution reduction and the fixed-model intraframe DPCM, into the codec. The coding speed, compression ratio and picture quality of the PVC-II are good enough for applying it to various real-time multimedia applications. Since no compression hardware is needed for the PVC-II to encode and decode video data, the cost and complexity of developing multimedia applications, such as video phone and multimedia e-mail systems, can be largely reduced.