Showing papers in "Indian journal of dairy science in 2015"
TL;DR: The health benefits of probiotics in food and pharmaceutical sectors, the existing knowledge in rural population and the current Indian market for probiotics are evaluated.
Abstract: In short span, probiotics (a greek word “for life”) have become an integral part of the complex world as biologics, pharmaceuticals, food and nutritional supplements due to their potential of providing health benefits. These acts as food supplements as well as preventive or curative drug which contains live non pathogenic bacteria. It is mainly the bacteria and metabolites produced by them which impart these probiotics their health promoting properties. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness among Indian consumers about the importance of nutrition, health, and quality of food they eat. Consumers are attaching more significance to healthy diet than physical activities. They are switching towards health supplements which could have deleterious effect. In modern day lifestyle, the market has witnessed an increase in sale of health products amongst the health conscious consumers globally creating new health food categories. At present, the probiotics is at nascent stage and awareness as food supplement is limited to urban areas. The knowledge about their use and technology to prepare them in a convenient form for domestic use have to be imparted in the Indian rural areas as an affordable product mainly within the lower income group people. Regular use of probiotics could improve the quality of life and reduces the dependence on drugs and medical expenses. This review keeping in mind the Indian scenario aims to evaluate the health benefits of probiotics in food and pharmaceutical sectors, the existing knowledge in rural population and the current Indian market for probiotics.
24 citations
TL;DR: Water soluble extract derived from fermented milk exhibited bioactive peptides from bacterial isolates that may be responsible for showing ACE inhibitory activity.
Abstract: In this study, bacterial isolates i.e. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NS4 and NS6), Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 (V3), Lactobacillus delbruckii (009), Enterococcus faecalis (ND3), Enterococcus faecalis (ND11) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (SH8) were evaluated for their proteolytic activity, ACE-inhibitory activity and release of peptides during fermentation of skim milk under specified growth conditions. Lactic acid bacteria have a strong proteolytic system. However, NS4 and OO9 showed maximum proteolytic activity and ACE inhibitory activity compared to other isolates. Water soluble extract derived from fermented milk exhibited bioactive peptides. OO9 showed maximum peptides separation compared to other isolates during RP-HPLC analysis. These peptides produced by the isolates may be responsible for showing ACE inhibitory activity .
17 citations
TL;DR: Polydextrose (PD) is a low calorie, sugar free, low glycemic speciality carbohydrate that has a variety of functional properties including high water solubility, high glass transition temperature, prebiotic properties, good stability at elevated temperature and over a broad range of pH and is widely recognized as soluble dietary fibre as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Polydextrose (PD) is a low calorie, sugar free, low glycemic speciality carbohydrate that has a variety of functional properties including high water solubility, high glass transition temperature, prebiotic properties, good stability at elevated temperature and over a broad range of pH and is widely recognized as soluble dietary fibre. These functional benefits have led to considerable interest from the food industry leading to the use of these ingredients in the development of new healthy products. It is widely used in applications such as baked goods, ice cream, beverages, confectionery, chocolate, yoghurt, and salad dressings, among many others. There is no maximum established limit for PD. Good manufacturing practices (GMP) limit the quantity to the amount necessary to accomplish the intended purpose in the food. This paper describes the production process, chemistry, some of the functional properties, food applications, safety and tolerance, and regulatory and labeling information of PD.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed questionnaire in relation to various aspects of feeding, breeding, marketing and institutional constraints involved in dairy farming were enlisted and the dairy farmers from the study area were asked to rank the each constraint which were analysed using Garret's ranking technique.
Abstract: Dairy production has become an important component of rural development programmes particularly in the rainfed areas of India. It is considered as an instrument for social and economic change, to improve income and quality of life of dairy farmers. Vidarbha region is a rainfed region of Maharashtra and dairy plays an important role in their life. Thus in order to identify and prioritize the constraints faced by dairy farmers in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra a study was carried out. A detailed questionnaire in relation to various aspects of feeding, breeding, marketing and institutional constraints involved in dairy farming were enlisted and the dairy farmers from the study area were asked to rank the each constraint which were analysed using Garret's ranking technique. Lack of availability of green fodder was found as major feeding constraint, low productivity of animal as breeding constraint, low price of liquid milk as marketing constraint, institutional constraint was lack of AI and veterinary facilities and overall major constraint considering all the above categories was lack of availability of green fodder.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to ascertain the information needs and seeking behaviour of dairy farmers of Punjab State (India) based on the data collected from 102 farmers at Pashu Palan Mela (Livestock Fair) held at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana during September 2014 via structured Interview Schedule.
Abstract: The present study is an attempt to ascertain the information needs and seeking behaviour of dairy farmers of Punjab State (India). This is based on the data collected from 102 farmers at Pashu Palan Mela (Livestock Fair) held at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana during September 2014 via structured Interview Schedule. The study revealed that age of farmers, experience in dairy farming, herd size owned and membership of dairy farming related organisations have a significant relation with their information needs. In view of advancements in Information and Communication Technology and its growing adaptability among farmers, the cyber extension is expected to play a crucial role in dissemination of animal husbandry information in near future. The mobile based information services grounded on the partnership between milk co-operatives, telecommunication companies and veterinary university could be an imperious venture for delivering information to the palms of dairy farmers. Title: Information Empowerment of Dairy Farmers of Punjab: A Study of their Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the three types of cast cheeses were experimentally processed under similar conditions, the resultant cheeses are, chemically, organoleptically and economically evaluated, and the results showed very promise future for recombined Feta-like cheese.
Abstract: Domiati cheese is the most important white pickled cheese made from fresh cow and buffalos milk, the unique step is the addition of (10 - 14%) salt directly to cheese milk before renneting. The yield is highly depending on the quality and season of milk production. The cheese consumed after three months (semi ripened) or after 6 months (well ripened). Its production needs big capital. Because of the high prices of milks and cast of ripening. New cast cheeses introduced to the local Egyptian markets, namely Feta-like and Tallaga like cheese. These recombined cheeses found acceptability from producers and consumer. The three type of cheeses were experimentally processed under similar conditions, the resultant cheeses were, chemically, organoleptically and economically evaluated. Results showed lower protein and salt contents for cast cheeses as compared with traditional Domiati cheese. Fat content of Feta cheese was the highest as compared with other cheeses, even for 6 months old cheese. Feta-like cheese characterized with lower pH as a result of GDL and citric acid addition. The lower yield of Domiati cheese and the equal mathematical yield with practical yield of recombined cheese encouraged processor to go on cast cheese production. Cast cheese gained higher organoleptic scoring points, especially Feta-like cheese because of the higher fat content and the clean acid flavour: The low salt content attracted the consumers to change their opinion from the salty flavour Domiati cheese. Economic study showed the higher profit from cast cheese because of the fully obtained yield, the marketing directly after processing, the running capital in shorter time while, running cast of Damiati cheese takes longer time otherwise processors are obliged to sell their fresh cheese cheaply to get their running capital early. Results showed very promise future for recombined Feta-like cheese.
12 citations
TL;DR: Data of 681 cows were collected over a period of 15 years, and analysed to observe the effect of non-genetic factors on different economic traits in Karan Fries crossbred cattle to determine the overall least squares means of age at first calving.
Abstract: Data of 681 cows were collected over a period of 15 years, and analysed to observe the effect of non-genetic factors on different economic traits in Karan Fries crossbred cattle. The overall least squares means of age at first calving (AFC), service period (SP), 305 days or less milk yield (305DMY), total milk yield (TMY), lactation length (LL), preceding dry period (PDP), calving interval (CI), average milk yield per day of lactation length (MY/LL) and average milk yield per day of calving interval (MY/CI) were 1043.40±6.64 days, 133.66 ± 3.89 days, 4113.61±55.90 kg, 4677.84±50.35 kg, 365.10± 3.34 days, 67.93 ± 2.12 days, 439.03±5.39 days, 12.93±0.99 kg and 11.08±0.13 kg respectively. It was observed that the period of birth was significantly different (P˂0.01) on AFC. Similarly season of calving and period of calving was also significantly different (P˂0.05) with SP, 305DMY and MY/CI, while season of calving was significant (P˂0.01) on TMY and MY/LL. Effect period of calving was also significant (P˂0.01) on AFC, 305DMY, TMY, LL, MY/LL and MY/CI. It was also observed that the parity was significant on SP (P˂0.05), while 305DMY, TMY, LL, CI, MY/LL and MY/CI were significant at (P˂0.05).
10 citations
TL;DR: All the three hormonal protocols used in anoestrus buffaloes resulted into more than 83 per cent estrus induction and good conception rates, particularly with Ovsynch protocol suggestive of better scope for their use under field conditions.
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical response and monitor the peripheral plasma progesterone profile in 46 postpartum anoestrus buffaloes (>90 days) treated with different standard hormonal protocols (TriU-B/PRID, Ovsynch and Heatsynch, n=12 each), keeping untreated anoestrus control (n=10) and normal cyclic control (n=10) groups. Under these protocols estrus induction response was 83.33, 83.33 and 91.66 per cent within mean intervals of 69.30±0.80, 70.60±1.30 and 69.20±1.49 h, respectively from PG injection with prominent to moderate estrus signs. The conception rates (CRs) obtained at induced estrus in buffaloes under TriU-B, Ovsynch and Heatsynch protocols were 25.00, 33.33 and 25.00 per cent, respectively. The corresponding overall CRs of three cycles were 50.00, 58.33 and 50.00 per cent. Moreover, by 60 days of post-induction follow up among treated non-conceived buffaloes under TriU-B, Ovsynch and Heatsynch protocols 4, 2, 2 remained cyclic, while 2, 3, 4 buffaloes turned out to be anoestrus. In untreated anoestrus control group, out of 10 buffaloes only 2 buffaloes (20 %) expressed spontaneous estrus and conceived giving overall CR of 20.00 per cent. In normal cyclic control group (n=10) the CRs at first and overall of 3 cycles were 30.00 and 50.00 per cent, respectively. The overall mean plasma progesterone concentrations (ng/ml) found in true anoestrus buffaloes on day 0, 7, 9/10 (AI) of treatment and on day 21 post-AI were 0.44±0.13, 3.07±0.56, 0.20±0.02 and 3.26±1.07 under TriU-B protocol; 0.49±0.13, 3.03±1.02, 0.51± 0.30 and 3.49±1.24 under Ovsynch protocol and 0.39±0.08, 2.08±0.32, 0.46±0.12 and 2.94±1.14 under Heatsynch protocol. The values on day 7 of treatment and day 21 post-AI were significantly (P<0.01) higher than other two periods (day 0 - initiation of treatment, and day of estrus/FTAI) in all three groups . The mean plasma progesterone concentrations (ng/ml) were significantly (P<0.01) higher in conceived than non-conceived groups on day 21 post-AI under TriU-B (5.90±0.83 vs. 0.61±0.10) Ovsynch (6.60±0.84 vs. 0.38±0.14) and Heatsynch (6.60±1.11 vs. 0.74±0.21) protocol, and even in normal cyclic control buffaloes (4.39±0.15 vs. 1.52±0.43). Thus, all the three hormonal protocols used in anoestrus buffaloes resulted into more than 83 per cent estrus induction and good conception rates (50-58%) particularly with Ovsynch protocol suggestive of better scope for their use under field conditions.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, using iodine value as parameter, palm olein and sheep body fat added individually could not be detected at any of the levels studied in pooled samples of ghee.
Abstract: Iodine value for pure cow ghee ranged from 35.53 to 41.24 with an average of 38.69, whereas that for pure buffalo ghee ranged from 30.14 to 36.48 with an average of 34.10. Using iodine value as parameter, palm olein and sheep body fat added individually could not be detected at any of the levels studied in pooled samples of ghee. Mixture of palm olein and sheep body fat was detectable only at 9+21(30) percent level. After fractionation, lower level of 6+14(20) percent was also detectable.
9 citations
TL;DR: The product had an optimum dose of probiotic lactobacilli at the end of shelf life of 21 days at refrigerated (5 + 2 oC) storage and a significant increase in titratable acidity, tyrosine and free fatty acid contents of synbiotic lassi.
Abstract: Traditional fermented milk lassi can be one of the most appropriate vehicles to carry probiotic bacteria and honey can be a natural source of prebiotic. In this study, synbiotic lassi was developed using probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 and honey. Probiotic strain was used along with starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus MTCC 5460 to ferment toned milk added with honey to prepare a synbiotic lassi . The optimized product with 5% honey was subjected to storage study along with control (probiotic lassi without honey) at 5 + 2 oC for 28 days. Products were periodically evaluated for sensory, chemical and microbiological parameters. Addition of honey had a non-significant effect on titratable acidity, pH, lactobacilli and streptococci count of synbiotic lassi . Among the various levels of honey used, the product with 5% level had slightly higher lactobacilli and streptococci counts and a significantly higher (p<0.05) sensory scores. Storage study indicated a significant (P<0.05) decrease in pH and overall sensory acceptability scores and a significant increase in titratable acidity, tyrosine and free fatty acid contents of synbiotic lassi . The product had an optimum dose of probiotic lactobacilli (8.8 log cfu/g) at the end of shelf life of 21 days at refrigerated (5 + 2 oC) storage.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir, with a view to find out the adoption of Gujjars regarding improved animal husbandry practices.
Abstract: The study was conducted in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir, with a view to find out the adoption of Gujjars regarding improved animal husbandry practices. The data was collected from 120 Gujjar respondents belonging to R.S Pura and Bishnah block of Jammu district with the help of structured interview schedule containing selected dependent and independent variable, through personal interview technique. The respondents had medium level of adoption of improved animal husbandry practices (33.27%). Majority of respondents (70%) were having medium adoption whereas 18.3% had low and 11.7% had high adoption. Adoption of respondents was highest for improved breeding practices (58.45%), followed by improved feeding practices (32.85%). Lowest adoption scores were observed for improved management practices (24.52%), followed by improved healthcare practices (26%). Age, occupation and herd size were negatively and significantly related to adoption. Education, social participation, mass media exposure, risk orientation and exposure to training were significantly and positively associated with adoption.
TL;DR: The heritability estimates of all lactation traits under study were high in magnitude, ranging from 0.39 to 0.58 except lactation length, which indicates genetic progress is possible through selection for these traits.
Abstract: Data on 305 days milk yield, total lactation milk yield, lactation length and peak yield of Jersey crossbred animals available from organized herd of Eastern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal over 29 years (1986-2014) were analyzed to determine the effects of important environmental factors on lactation traits and their genetic control. The least-squares means of 305-days milk yield, total milk yield and peak yield were 2141.26±79.32, 2496.14±82.57 and 11.89±0.28Kg, respectively with an average lactation length of 337.73±6.9 days. The data were grouped into different classes according to season of calving, period of calving, parity and genetic group of animals. The random effect of sire had significant (P<0.01) influence on all lactation traits considered in the present study. The season of calving significantly (P<0.01) affected all traits except lactation length. Period of calving and genetic group of animal also significantly influenced all the considered traits. The heritability estimates of all lactation traits under study were high in magnitude, ranging from 0.39 to 0.58 except lactation length (0.15), which indicates genetic progress is possible through selection for these traits.
TL;DR: In this paper, a basic ice cream mix having 12% fat, 11% solid not fat, 15% sucrose, 0.4% sodium alginate and 0.1% glycerol mono stearate was prepared.
Abstract: Frozen desserts like ice cream are valued for their pleasing flavour, cooling and refreshing effects. Ginger is one such natural herb which is valued for its medicinal and therapeutic properties since time immemorial. In present investigation, ginger - a natural herb, was used as a flavouring agent in ice cream.In the present investigation a basic ice cream mix having 12% fat, 11% solid not fat, 15% sucrose, 0.4% sodium alginate and 0.1% glycerol mono stearate was prepared. Ginger juice was incorporated at level 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% w/w of ice cream mix. The whole experiment was based on 4 replications (i.e. 24 lots) of preparation of ice cream. After experimentation, it was found that the gradual increase of ginger juice decreased per cent overrun. Due to its high moisture content the ginger juice brought significant variations in overrun and melting characteristics. However, the variations were within a close range which ultimately did not imparted adverse effect on overrun, melting characteristics and sensory quality of ginger ice cream. The ice cream made with 4% ginger juice was found to be most acceptable.
TL;DR: In this paper, the quality attributes which affected the acceptability of samples were found to be flavor, body and texture, color and appearance and juiciness & sweetness in descending order of their significance.
Abstract: In the present investigation, sensory scores of four screened market samples of Kheer Mohan were evaluated and ranked for their quality attributes employing fuzzy logic. A panel of sixteen judges performed the sensory evaluation of Kheer Mohan samples. Both ranking and desirable quality characteristics of the samples ‘in general’ were analyzed with fuzzy logic. Among the screened samples, products from Gangapur city were ranked as the most preferred samples. The quality attributes which affected the acceptability of samples were found to be flavor, body & texture, colour & appearance and juiciness & sweetness in descending order of their significance. F lavor, body and texture of Kheer Mohan were considered as the most vital quality attributes and were rated under the category “very good” by the sensory panel. Strong as well as weak attributes with respect to their impact on product quality, were also determined. Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE HI /* Style Definitions */
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TL;DR: In this article, the shelf life and storage stability of developed pearl millet based weaning food was investigated and the developed product showed non-significant difference in sensory acceptability up to 6 months when stored under vacuum and ordinary packaging (without vacuum) in aluminum foil laminates of 100µm thickness and stored at 25 ± 2 0 C in an incubator for six months.
Abstract: The present study was carried out to determine the shelf life and storage stability of developed pearl millet based weaning food. The Developed processed pearl millet based weaning food with optimized levels of vitamin A acetate and iron salt was packaged under vacuum and ordinary packaging (without vacuum) in aluminum foil laminates of 100µm thickness and stored at 25 ± 2 0 C in an incubator for six months and the samples were withdrawn at predetermined intervals of one month and subjected to sensory (9 point hedonic scale), moisture and microbiological analysis to determine the shelf life of the product. The developed product showed non-significant difference in sensory acceptability up to 6 months when stored under vacuum, whereas sensory acceptability was limited to 4 months when stored without vacuum. It may be attributed to the adsorption of moisture from the air present within the ordinary packaging. The SPC counts were also higher (3.75 log cfu/g) in weaning food with ordinary packaging in comparison to vacuum packaging (2.88 log cfu/g) after six months of storage but within safe limits as per legal standards for cereal based weaning foods.
TL;DR: The present investigation helps to understand the various risk factors for the occurrence of sub clinical mastitis in water buffalo in Doaba region of Punjab.
Abstract: Sub clinical mastitis in buffalo is considered as multi-factorial disease, which leads to huge economic losses by reducing the quality and quantity of the milk. It does not lead to any change in phenotypic expression, so diagnosed through various tests as California mastitis test, Somatic cell count, Electrical conductivity test etc. Although bacteria are considered to be the main causative agent for mastitis, beside this farm management practices are found to be associated with the disease. In the present study, the pathogens related to the occurrence of the disease were examined via bacteriological culture of milk sample of the animal. Animal wise prevalence of sub clinical mastitis was found to be (20.4%), out of this 7.8%, 9.8%, 2.8% were found to be effected with latent mastitis, specific mastitis and nonspecific mastitis respectively .On the basis of individual quarter, the highest prevalence was in LH (33.9%), followed by RH (24%) and RF (22.4%) and the least prevalence in LF (14.5%). The microorganisms isolated from sub clinical mastitis constituted Staphylococci (39%), Streptococci (31%), Corynebacterium (25%) and E. coli .(5%).Farm management associated determinants (Type of feed, type of floor, education of the owner, feeding after milking, type of labor) were studied in association with sub clinical mastitis. Out of these education of the owner , type of labor and feeding after milking were found to be significantly associated with disease occurrence (p<0.05). While looking at the animal determinants in association with sub clinical mastitis in the present investigation buffaloes with higher parity showed more risk of developing sub clinical mastitis. So the present investigation helps to understand the various risk factors for the occurrence of sub clinical mastitis in water buffalo in Doaba region of Punjab.
TL;DR: It is concluded that appropriate breeding strategies and conservation models should be designed for overall breed improvement.
Abstract: The survey was carried out in western zone of Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia with the aim to describe phenotypic characteristics, cattle production system, trait preferences, breeding practices, constraints in efficient utilization of the breed and to use the information generated as baseline data to design breeding strategy of the breed. To collect the data, in-depth interviews, group discussions, and structured questionnaire were used. The production system employed, purpose of keeping the animals, preferred cattle traits by farmers were assessed. Phenotypic descriptors were directly measured using measuring tape. Reproduction and production performance data was collected and battle necks for Begait cattle production were investigated. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was employed to analyze the data. Results showed Begait cattle are kept in a mixed crop-livestock production system and are the dominant livestock species in the area. Cattle have multi-functional roles in the production systems. Among reason of keeping cattle, breeding was ranked first followed by milk production. Reproduction performance, body size, and physical appearance were among the highly ranked preferred traits for male cattle in that order. Preferred traits for female cattle include reproduction, milk yield, and mothering behavior. The mean linear measurements of female Begait cattle were: height at wither (131. 48±0.25cm), body length (128.13±0.16cm) heart girth (159.55±0.24). In male Begait the values were: height at wither (136.99±0.10cm), body length (135.96±0.09cm), and heart girth (168.91±0.10). The reproduction and production performance results showed; age at first puberty (female) (35.51±0.14 months), age at first calving (48.68±0.16 months), calving interval (17.06±0.11 months) and lift time productivity (8.2±0.02 years); daily milk yield (2.52±0.03 liter), lactation length (6.38±0.03 months) and lactation milk yield (482.95±6.24 liters). Cattle owners had developed a culling mechanism for maintaining the desired quality of their animals. Among the problems of cattle production in the area, seasonal feed shortage, diseases and drinking water scarcity were the major ones. Farmers perceived that Begait cattle population decreased over the years and it is on the verge of extinction. It is concluded that appropriate breeding strategies and conservation models should be designed for overall breed improvement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results showed that the fermented whey and soy-based curcumin supplemented beverages had health beneficial biofunctional properties, such as no cholesterol, low lactose, high protein to fat ratio and ability to fights against several diseases.
Abstract: Fermented whey and soy beverages with curcumin supplementation has no cholesterol, low lactose, high protein to fat ratio and ability to fights against several diseases. These beverages are more palatable, digestive and good for lactose intolerant people. Addition of curcumin increases its medicinal and nutritional properties. Soymilk was prepared by adding whey in place of water and supplemented with curcumin. L. acidophilus NCDC195 (LA195) and S. thermophilus NCDC323 (ST323) were used for fermentation. After 24 hour of incubation at 37 0 C their acidity and total count were 1.38, 1.41 and 9.09, 9.39 log cfu/ml respectively. Antimicrobial activity was also analyzed at different levels of curcumin. LA195 and ST323 had shown antimicrobial activity against E.coli, B.cereus, S.aureus, L. monocytogenes, Sh.dysentriae, and S.typhi . Zone of inhibition ranged between 16 to 23 mm. Maximum antioxidant activity was obtained by LA195+ST323 (989.70 TEAC (μM)) with curcumin. Prepared fermented drink was analyzed for sensory properties on the basis of 9 point Hedonic scale. Soy beverage with 12% sugar solution was having more acceptability in terms of colour and flavour. Product was stable for 4 days at 4 0 C and no coliform and yeast and mold were present. Product showed increase in acidity upto 14 days. After 14day of storage acidity and total counts (CFU/ml) were, 1.86 and 8.57 respectively. Antioxidant activity decreased during the storage from initial 986.46 to 702.58 TEAC (μM) on 14 th day. The results showed that the fermented whey and soy based curcumin supplemented beverage had health beneficial biofunctional properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the economics of milk production by different categories of milk producer groups in Cuttack district Odisha during year 2015 and found that the total cost and net return of milk yield per day per cow for organized and unorganized sector was Rs.787, Rs.156, and Rs.166 respectively.
Abstract: An endeavour has been made to investigate the economics of milk production by different categories of milk producer groups in Cuttack district Odisha during year 2015. Primary data was collected from 120 farmers of Niali, Kantapada, Mahanga, Salipur Block of Cuttack district by two stage random sampling method. It was found that the total cost and net return of milk yield per day per cow for organized and unorganized sector was Rs.169.736, Rs.156.728 and Rs.166.787, Rs.144.959 respectively. The total milk produced per day per cow in organized and unorganized sector was 11.643 litres and 10.736 litres respectively which were much higher than the break-even level of output i.e. 1.286 litres and 1.037 litres respectively. Green fodders and concentrate had positive and significant association with total production of milk in all market structure with total explained variation was R 2 as 71.1 percent. In organized sector green fodder and dry fodder were used optimally but concentrate and labour were over utilised. In unorganized sector, green and dry fodders were over utilised, whereas concentrate and labour were underutilized. Major constraints faced by farmers in dairying were lack of medical facilities, inadequate feed, input and input services at higher price, inadequate subsidy. It was concluded that dairying business was profitable in the study area because of it’s high production but care should be taken for best possible use of inputs like dry fodder, green fodder, concentrate and labour particularly in unorganized sector and provision of good medical facilities, inputs with subsidy by government to the dairy farmers for enhanced recital.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a study to find out the cost and returns from milk production in the Rewari district of Haryana and found that the maintenance cost of a cow and buffalo for a year was found Rs. 25655 and Rs. 30311 respectively.
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to find out the cost and returns from milk production in the Rewari district of Haryana. For the study Rewari district was selected purposively. From the selected district two blocks namely Rewari and Bawal were selected randomly. Two villages from each selected block were selected randomly. A sample of 120 milk producing households consisting 72 small, 27 medium and 21large farmers were selected randomly from four villages. A tabular analysis was carried to work out the cost and returns from milk production. The results of the study showed that the maintenance cost of a cow and buffalo for a year was found Rs. 25655 and Rs. 30311 respectively. Out of this total maintenance cost, 80 per cent was the variable cost and 20 per cent was as the fixed cost. With respect to various categories, the maintenance cost of buffalo and cow was found a little lower in small category than large category. This may be due to better management by large category than small category. The average gross returns per cow and buffalo were observed Rs. 46953 and Rs. 60102 per year respectively, which is much higher than in case of cow. The average net returns per cow and buffalo were Rs. 21198 and Rs. 29790 per year respectively. The net returns per cow and buffalo too increased with the size of herds. The higher returns in large category were mainly due to higher number of cross-breed cows and better feeding of feeds and fodders than the other category.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have highlighted that crossbred cows play a significant role in production and marketing of milk in comparison to buffalo milk and suggested that research and development for evolving improved varieties of green fodder suitable for dry land areas may be promoted for enhancing milk production as well as income of the farmers.
Abstract: The cost of the milk production is one of the important economic indicators influencing the farmers in taking production, management and marketing decision. The dairy farmers could enhance their income in two ways by increasing milk production and by reducing its cost of production.?? In Dharmapuri and Thiruvannamalai districts, which is a dry farming region in Tamil Nadu, dairy farming had been found a profitable enterprise for rural farmers.?? Dairy farming is an important enterprise helping in diversification of agriculture in this dry region.?? Private dairies are providing number of services to the dairy farmers.?? The dairy farmers need to adopt measures such as good and nutritious feed, health care of the animals and improved production and marketing managements in order to enhance their income.?? Crossbred cows play significant role in production and marketing of milk in comparison to buffalo milk.?? Research and development for evolving improved varieties of green fodder suitable for dry land areas may be promoted for enhancing milk production as well as income of the farmers.
TL;DR: Monomorphic patterns in the 3’UTR region STAT1 gene studied in all the three breeds of riverine buffaloes are revealed, indicating absence of genetic variation at this loci and suggesting that the loci is fixed forbuffaloes in contract to exotic cattle breeds.
Abstract: Study was aimed to screen the adult female of different buffalo breeds maintained at organized herd of ICAR-NDRI, Karnal (Haryana) and from field (Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Chhattisgarh state) for the presence or absence of important genetic variations in 3’UTR region of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) gene, known to be associated with mammary gland development and with milk fat% and milk yield in cows. Animals from three breeds of riverine buffaloes Murrah, Gojri and Chhattisgarhi were studied using PCR-RFLP technique with HaeIII restriction enzyme. It revealed monomorphic patterns in the 3’UTR region STAT1 gene studied in all the three breeds of riverine buffaloes, indicating absence of genetic variation at this loci and suggesting that the loci is fixed for buffaloes in contract to exotic cattle breeds.
TL;DR: An extensive exploration for development of guava fortified fermented dairy foods; various dimensions of technological challenges and recent formulation designed for health benefits and consumer preference are summarized.
Abstract: Guava (Psidium gujava) is a worldwide popular tropical fruit with high content of vitamins & phytochemicals. The traditional therapeutic benefits of guava over metabolic disorders, gut infection, diabetes and obesity have been proven, but available processed guava products confront limitation only to biscuits, jams, jellies, marmalades etc. Guava contains immense bioactive potential and good source of dietary fiber which function as prebiotic; its combination with probiotic fermented dairy food like whey protein, yoghurt, curd and shrikhand will develop high value commodities to increase nutrition profile of guava in the area of functional foods. This paper summarizes an extensive exploration for development of guava fortified fermented dairy foods; various dimensions of technological challenges and recent formulation designed for health benefits and consumer preference.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors designed a research with the objective of constraints perceived by the dairy farmers in adapting to changing climate in Western dry Region of India, and collected data for the study were collected through proportionate random sampling method from a total of 240 respondents using both qualitative and quantitative techniques.
Abstract: Dairy farming is vulnerable to climate variability through increased temperature, variation in sunshine and changes in rainfall pattern. These factors adversely affect feed & water availability, animal health, breeds and in turn milk production. Warmer and drier conditions increase the likelihood of heat stress in cattle. Heat stress adversely affects reproductive performance in dairy animals. In this direction, the research was designed with the objective of constraints perceived by the dairy farmers in adapting to changing climate in Western dry Region of India. Data for the study were collected through proportionate random sampling method from a total of 240 respondents using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The data were analysed using frequency and percentage. The findings of present study show that the major constraints were repeat breeding, lack of knowledge about climate impacts, high cost of concentrate, absence of government policy on climate problems, lack of pasture, non-availability of weather information. The most important suggestions received from the respondents to overcome these constraints, were organization of awareness campaign about climatic problems, growing of improved and drought resistant grasses on pasture land, provision of good quality bull and provision of animal health services at nominal rate
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to evaluate metabolizable energy (ME), net energy required for lactation (NEl) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of some ruminant feedstuffs, by using in vitro gas production technique.
Abstract: Nutritive values of available feedstuffs are fundamental for formulating rations at field level. The gas measuring technique has been widely used for evaluation of nutritive value of ruminant feedstuffs. A study was conducted to evaluate metabolizable energy (ME), net energy required for lactation (NEl) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of some ruminant feedstuffs, by using in vitro gas production technique. The commonly available feed samples of concentrates (n=39) and roughages (n=10) were collected from different regions of the country. All the ground feed and fodder samples were analysed for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, total ash, acid insoluble ash, calcium and phosphorus. Average CP, EE and CF contents in compound cattle feed was 21.2, 2.8 and 11.8%, respectively. ME, NEl and TDN were estimated by incubating 200 mg of each of the samples with rumen mixed microbe inoculums for 24 hr period, taken from fistulated buffaloes. Amongst concentrate feeds, cottonseed cake (Gossypium spp.) had lowest ME (6.9 MJ/kg DM), NEl (3.6 MJ/kg DM) and TDN (47.1%) values, whereas, taramira seeds (Eruca sativa) had highest ME (14.6 MJ/kg DM), NEl (8.7 MJ/kg DM) and TDN (88.5%) values. Similarly, among roughages, methi straw (Trigonella foenum-graecum) had lowest and subabul leaves (Leucaena leucocephala) had highest ME (5.8 vs. 12.4 MJ/kg DM), NEl (2.7 vs. 4.7 MJ/kg DM) and TDN (41.5 vs. 76.5%) values. Chemical composition and energy values reported for various feed and fodders in this communication could be used for formulating ration of dairy animals under field conditions for better utilization of locally available feed resources.
TL;DR: Dietary supplementation of RPM and RPL improved feed conversion efficiency and growth rate of growing Hariana heifers without affecting nutrient intake.
Abstract: The use of rumen protected amino acids is becoming a common practice in Indian lactating cattle and studies on their effects on growth performance of heifers are scanty. A trial was conducted to observe the effect of rumen protected lysine and methionine on nutrient intake and growth performance in growing heifers of Hariana breed. Eighteen heifers were randomly distributed into three treatment groups: control (CTR), treatment 1 (T1) and treatment 2 (T2) on a body weight basis. Heifers in the T1 group were fed a basal ration supplemented with 1 g/d of rumen protected methionine (RPM) and 5 g/d of rumen protected lysine (RPL). Heifers in the T2 group were fed the same basal ration supplemented with 2 g/d of RPM and 10 g/d of RPL. A 6-day digestion trial was conducted at the end of a 90-day feeding study. Dry matter intake and body weight were recorded fortnightly. Average daily gain was increased by 16 and 17% (P=0.02) in T1 and T2 groups, respectively as compared with CTR. Feed conversion ratio was reduced (P<0.001) by 25 and 27% in T1 and T2 groups compared with CTR. Dry matter intake and other nutrient intake was similar among all three treatment groups during the overall trial and digestibility trial period. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RPM and RPL improved feed conversion efficiency and growth rate of growing Hariana heifers without affecting nutrient intake.
TL;DR: The results of the study revealed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus C6 is a good proteolytic as well as probiotic organism and can grow well in cheese whey and soy milk.
Abstract: Lactobacillus rhamnosus is one of the most common bacteria in the gastro intestinal tract of healthy individuals Lactobacillus rhamnosus C6 (isolated from cheese) a proteolytic bacteria with proteolytic activity 50912 µg serine/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus C6 also showed the probiotic attributes as it survived at low pH (pH 10) and high bile concentration (up to 2%) having cell surface hydrophobicity for n-hexadecane (2853 ± 037 %)The culture grown in broth also possesed antimicrobial activity against test pathogens (diameter of zone of inhibition ranging 1776 to 2377 mm) and showed good growth (919 log cfu/ml) in whey and also in soy milk (888cfu/ml) after 48 h of incubation Lactobacillus rhamnosus C6 fermentate of whey and soy milk showed antimicrobial activity against S Typhi NCTC 6017, S aureus MTCC 1144, S dysenteriae NCDC 107, L monocytogenes ATCC 15303 , B cereus ATCC 13061 and E coli 0157:H7 ATCC 35150 So, the results of our study revealed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus C6 is a good proteolytic as well as probiotic organism and can grow well in cheese whey as well as soy milk
TL;DR: The multiple linear regression equation was developed for the experimental data to determine the relation between the somatic cell counts with milk quality parameters and the equation best described the data with 4.91 % RMS indicating that this relationship could be used an indicator for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.
Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the relation between electrical conductivity (EC), dielectric constant (DC), somatic cell count (SCC) and some other milk quality parameters in Murrah Buffaloes and their effectiveness for diagnosis of subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM). A total of 536 samples collected from Murrah buffaloes were examined for mastitis. Buffaloes having milk SCC below 2×10 5 per ml were categorised as healthy buffaloes, those with SCC lying in the range 2×10 5 - 5×10 5 per ml were considered to be subclinical and with SCC more than 5×10 5 per ml were placed in clinical mastitis category. The values of milk EC, DC and SCC were significantly (P<0.01) higher in SCM and CM Murrah buffaloes. Milk pH ranged 6.48 to 6.62 in healthy and subclinical cases, whereas, 7.03 in clinical mastitis cases. Milk temperature values varied between 33.15 o C in healthy, 33.48 o C in subclinical cases and 35.77 o C in clinical mastitis cases. There was a significant positive correlation (P <0.01) between EC, DC, pH, SCC and milk temperature. The multiple linear regression equation was developed for the experimental data to determine the relation between the somatic cell counts with milk quality parameters. The equation best described the data with 4.91 % RMS between experimental and predicted values, indicating that this relationship could be used an indicator for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied value chain analysis to the Indian dairy sector using the approach taken at Institute of Development Studies at University of Sussex, Kaplinsky and Morris (2001) & Schmitz (2005) to identify policy interventions.
Abstract: Milk production in developing countries is dominated by small milk producers. In India, small and marginal farmers contribute the highest (68 %) to the total milk production. However, the scale of milk production per household is very low; 63 % households producing less than or equal to 2.75 litres of milk per day (Birthal, 2008). As the consumer preferences and market forces are playing greater role in determining the kind and scale of production, marketing and processing, mainstreaming of small milk producers will ensures livelihood, nutritional and food securities to this vulnerable section of the society. The paper applied value chain analysis to the Indian dairy sector using the approach taken at Institute of Development Studies at University of Sussex, Kaplinsky and Morris (2001) & Schmitz (2005) to identify policy interventions. The value chain approach provides basic understanding needed in designing and implementation of appropriate development programs and policies to support smallholders’ market participation (Rich et al, 2009). The analysis helps policy maker to (i) identify exogenous variables to stimulate the desired changes, (ii) determine competitiveness and power exercised by different players and (iii) understand the complexity of inter-linkages, in the value chain. The study combines the qualitative and quantitative analysis using data collected from earlier studies, reports and informal interviews. The major policy interventions which emerged from value chain analysis are related to ((1) improving veterinary services especially public and up-gradating local breeds to strengthen milk production capacity of smallholders, (2) strengthening institutional framework to bring small holder under the ambit of organized marketing, (3) modernization of informal sector to reduce transactions cost and handling losses of milk, and (4) encourage fresh milk marketing and clean milk production for quality and demand specific production