Showing papers in "International Journal of Electronics in 1979"
TL;DR: In this article, an analytical model of the subthreshold current and threshold voltage of MOS transistors is presented by comparison with experimental results and two-dimensional numerical calculations. But the model is not suitable for the case of ion-implanted short-channel devices.
Abstract: Analytical modelling of subthreshold current and threshold voltage of MOS transistors 19 tested by comparison with experimental results and two-dimensional numerical calculations. For short channel devices the subthreshould current calculated according to Taylor (1978) and to the four-parameter fitting model of Poon (1973) is found to agree well with experiment. The short channel decrease of threshold voltage is also well described by Taylor. A new formula is suggested in this paper which improves the agreement with measured results. The threshold voltage of ion-implanted short-channel devices is well described by the model of Wang (1977) if the increase of the straggle duo to annealing is correctly accounted for.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalent circuit analysis for a helix in free space has been extended to include the effects of the surrounding dielectric and the metal shield, and an expression for the dielectrics loading factor derived.
Abstract: The equivalent circuit analysis for a helix in free space has been extended to include the effects of the surrounding dielectric and the metal shield, and an expression for the dielectric loading factor derived. The result agrees with that of field analysis, and is more accurate than is obtainable by a previous method of combining the equivalent circuit parameters for simpler helix configurations. The present method, unlike a held analysis, does not involve any lengthy algebraic manipulation to work out a determinantal dispersion relation
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, closed form capacitance expressions for the even and odd mode characteristics of coupled microstrip lines are presented, which are accurate to within 3% for 0.2≤W/h, 0.05≤S/h≤2 and ϵrl.
Abstract: Closed form capacitance expressions for the even and odd mode characteristics of coupled microstrip lines are presented. These expressions are accurate to within 3% for 0.2≤W/h≤2, 0.05≤S/h≤2 and ϵrl. Extension of these results to asvmmetriu coupled microstrip lines indicate an accuracy of about 5% for ϵ = 10, W/h = 0.95, W2/h≥0.2and S/h≥0.1
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the cutoff frequency and other parameters for short-gate GaAs, InP, and Si are given as a function of gate length and bias, and compared with other work.
Abstract: The device parameters of short-gate GaAs and InP FETs have been found to be dependent on the nonequilibrium velocity overshoot phenomenon. Both saturation velocity and critical field are found to be larger for shorter gates. The v-E characteristics of Pucel et al. (1975) are modified. The cutoff frequency and other parameters for GaAs, InP, and Si are given as a function of gate length and bias. The cutoff frequency of InP MESFETs with a doping density of 10 to the 17th per cu cm is only 20% higher than those of equivalent GaAs MESFETs at 300 K. Comparison with other work is also presented.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fabrication of the ohmic contacts and the method of contact resistance measurements are described, and an optimum alloying cycle is presented for each metallization system, which gives minimum contact resistance.
Abstract: Various metallization systems to n- and p-type GaAs have been investigated. The fabrication of the ohmic contacts and the method of contact resistance measurements are described. For each metallization system investigated, there exists an optimum alloying cycle (i.e. alloying temperature and time) which gives minimum contact resistance.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an averaged-Lagrangian method was used to analyze the non-linear three-wave interaction for propagation along a cylindrical plasma column surrounded by an infinite dielectric, in the absence of a static magnetic field.
Abstract: Non-linear three-wave interaction is analysed for propagation along a cylindrical plasma column surrounded by an infinite dielectric, in the absence of a static magnetic field. An averaged-Lagrangian method is used, and the results are specialized to parametric interaction and mode conversion, assuming an undepleted pump wave. The theory for these two types of interactions is extended to include imperfect synchronism, and the effects of loss. Computations are presented indicating that parametric growth rates of the order of a fraction of a decibel per centimeter should be obtainable for plausible laboratory plasma column parameters.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical properties of anodic Al2O3 films in the form of AI-Al 2O3-AI structures have been studied and the conduction seems to be a modified Poole-Frenkel process.
Abstract: The electrical properties of anodic Al2O3 films in the form of AI-Al2O3-AI structures have been studied. The conduction seems to be a modified Poole-Frenkel process. In some cases a change in the current How from bulk-limited to electrode-limited is observed. The aging effects and the transients observed in these films may be due to electron trapping in the impurity sites and space charge effects.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that on exceeding a threshold applied voltage, thin films of evaporated polypropylene in the form of a sandwich between metal electrodes (aluminium or copper) undergo an electroforming process.
Abstract: It is shown that on exceeding a threshold applied voltage, thin films of evaporated polypropylene in the form of a sandwich between metal electrodes (aluminium or copper) undergo an electroforming process. There is a resultant augmented current, the development at higher voltages of differential negative resistance. and the samples act as emitters of electrons into a vacuum. The results are consistent with a theory based on the generation of conducting filaments during the forming process.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of cladding on propagation characteristics is discussed by means of modal ray optics and a theory is developed for a general class of cladded inhomogeneous optical fibres.
Abstract: This paper describes the propagation of waves in cladded optical fibres consisting of a graded core medium in addition to a uniform cladding medium. The influence of cladding on propagation characteristics is discussed by means of modal ray optics. The present theory is developed for a general class of cladded inhomogeneous optical fibres.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the complex permittivity and temperature rise versus time have been measured for pure water, Maltese tap water and pure water-commercial salt solution at 2.45GHz.
Abstract: The complex permittivity and temperature rise versus time have been measured for pure water, Maltese tap water and pure water—commercial salt solution at 2.45GHz. The experimental results are related to empirical or theoretical calculations. The complex permittivity of commercial salt concentration in pure water has also been reported.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, new complementary variational principles for Maxwell's equations were derived from a canonical formulation in which potentials and field vectors constitute the conjugate variables, and a new canonical variational framework was proposed.
Abstract: New complementary variational principles for Maxwell's equations are derived from a canonical formulation in which potentials and field vectors constitute the conjugate variables.
TL;DR: A new method for implementing frequency multiplication of square waves is presented, which is simpler and more flexible than any other method, and the accuracy of the output square wave can be improved easily by increasing the reference frequency.
Abstract: A new method for implementing frequency multiplication of square waves is presented. It is simpler and more flexible than any other method. The frequency multiplication parameter n can be programmable, therefore there is no need to change hardware when the parameter n is varied. In particular. the accuracy of the output square wave can be improved easily by increasing the reference frequency, in contrast with the conventional method which is subject to practical limitations, such as the linearity of the IC elements, especially the integrator.
TL;DR: In this article, the wave conversion process in a volume phase hologram, recorded by two monochromatic waves satisfying geometrical optics, is studied and coupled wave differential equations are derived.
Abstract: The wave conversion process in a volume phase hologram, recorded by two monochromatic waves satisfying geometrical optics, is studied. Coupled wave differential equations are derived and. from the solutions given in a companion paper, numerical results are presented for plane-to-plane, plane-to-spherical, and spherical-to-plane wave conversion. It is shown that in the non-paraxial case the polarization of the input wave may significantly change during transit through the hologram.
TL;DR: In this paper, a coplanar device incorporating an evaporated CdSe film and an anodically grown aluminium oxide layer was reported, which is based on optimized deposition conditions.
Abstract: A thin-film effect transistor appears to be the most promising for an all thin-field integrated circuit. In this paper the authors have reported a coplanar device incorporating an evaporated CdSe film and an anodically grown aluminium oxide layer. The fabrication is based on optimized deposition conditions. The d.e. characteristics of the device are presented. For the transistor the device parameters are calculated from the I-T characteristics.
TL;DR: In this paper, a direct approach to the frequency sampling design of digital filters, based primarily on using the optimal stopband (or passband) filter response, is presented, where the optimum M transition sample values are determined by solving a set of M equations.
Abstract: A direct approach to the frequency sampling design of digital filters, based primarily on using the optimal stopband (or passband) filter response, is presented. The optimum M transition sample values are determined by solving a set of M equations. The M equations are formed by equating the ripple peaks in the stopband. (or passband). The frequency estimates at which the ripple peaks appear are determined empirically using the optimal filter response as a guide. Using this direct approach, a wide variety of digital lowpass and bandpass filters have been designed. The Validity of this method is proven by comparing the M transition values derived by this method with those of classical results by Rabiner and co-workers. The results are close to optimum. The method is simple and direct and does not use any search or linear programming techniques.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report easy-to-prepare spin-on solutions for boron and arsenic which give highly reproducible surface concentrations very close to the solid solubility limit.
Abstract: ‘Spin-on’ sources are commercially available either under brand names like ‘Accuspin’ or doped silicate films manufactured by various companies. However, the method of preparation of these doping solutions is not known and since almost all these solutions become jelly after a certain duration during which the viscosity changes, it is preferable to prepare one's own solution so that one can easily control the solution composition to a particular requirement and achieve reproducibility. In this paper, we report easy-to-prepare ‘spin-on’ solutions for boron and arsenic which give highly reproducible surface concentrations very close to the solid solubility limit. These solutions are useful for deep junction formation in silicon.
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-electrode monolithic structure on an AT-cut, quartz plate is investigated both theoretically and experimentally as a piezoelectric amplitude modulator.
Abstract: A three-electrode monolithic structure on an AT-cut, quartz plate is investigated both theoretically and experimentally as a piezoelectric amplitude modulator. Modulation in amplitude is realized by using a controlled field transistor channel resistance connected in parallel to modulator electrodes. Operating frequencies are theoretically estimated and modulation characteristics are experimentally obtained. Some advantage over conventional ceramic piezoelectric modulators is discussed.
TL;DR: The existence of other orthogonal matrices, whose elements remain either + 1 or − 1, is discussed, and how they are linked together under simple constraints is shown.
Abstract: By correlating the output vector of a logic circuit to the functions represented in the rows of the Rademacher-Walsh matrix, it has been shown that synthesis is possible by establishing the similarity of the circuit to particular standard functions (Lechner 1971, Karpovsky 1976. Edwards 1975, Hurst 1973). However this specific matrix has the limitation that the only functions embedded within it are the independent, xi input variables, and the exclusive-OR relationships between them. Thus a circuit which employs, say, only one AND gate cannot be synthesized directly from the correlation coefficients produced by the Rademacher-Walsh transform, although it may lie possible using other transforms. This paper discusses the existence of other orthogonal matrices, whose elements remain either + 1 or − 1, and shows how they are linked together under simple constraints
TL;DR: In this paper, the integral equation which occurs in the theory of the determination of the plasma electron energy distribution function from the second derivative of the probe current versus retarding potential curve, when reflection and secondary emission are taken into account, cannot, in general, be solved for lack of quantitative reflections and secondary emissions data.
Abstract: The integral equation which occurs in the theory of the determination of the plasma electron energy distribution function ƒ( V) from the second derivative of the probe current versus retarding potential curve, when reflection and secondary emission are taken into account, cannot, in general, be solved for lack of quantitative reflection and secondary emission data. By consideration of some special cases it is shown that relatively little error is likely to result from neglect of reflection and secondary emission in many instances if ƒ( V) is broad on a V/≤ V≥ scale. If ƒ( V) is narrow, spurious groups and negative values may appear to the low energy side of the peak. Possible advantages of a rough or porous probe surface in minimizing errors in ƒ( V) and in the measurement of the plasma electron number density are indicated.
TL;DR: In this article, an electronically controllable resistance is described which features a wide resistance range and a fast control characteristic, and the control variable can be applied independently of the resistance terminal voltages.
Abstract: An electronically Controllable resistance is described which features a wide resistance range and a fast control characteristic. Both terminals of the resistance have a high impedance to ground. The control variable can be applied independently of the resistance terminal voltages.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of non-linear three-wave interaction for propagation along a cylindrical plasma column surrounded either by a metallic boundary, or by an infinite dielectric, and immersed in an infinite, static, axial magnetic field is presented.
Abstract: The paper presents an analysis of non-linear three-wave interaction for propagation along a cylindrical plasma column surrounded either by a metallic boundary, or by an infinite dielectric, and immersed in an infinite, static, axial magnetic field. An averaged Lagrangian method is used and the results are specialized to parametric amplification and mode conversion, assuming an undepleted pump wave. Computations are presented for a magneto-plasma column surrounded by free space, indicating that parametric growth rates of the order of a fraction of a decibel per centimeter should be obtainable for plausible laboratory plasma parameters. In addition, experiments on non-linear mode conversion in a cylindrical magnetoplasma column are described. The results are compared with the theoretical predictions and good qualitative agreement is demonstrated.
TL;DR: Analytical diagrams for the implementation of the encoder and decoder, with column and diagonal parity checking, are given, and its application to a, digital communication system is outlined.
Abstract: The problem considered in this paper is to find good codes for error control in a digital communication system by using the matrix code, with column and diagonal parity checking. Realisation of a practical system, which was designed has given a good generalization for the codes. A theorem is stated and proven for this case. Analytical diagrams for the implementation of the encoder and decoder are given, and its application to a, digital communication system is outlined.
TL;DR: In this paper, a range of specimens in the form of thin film sandwishof AI-GeO2-AI (dielectric thickness 400-1500 A) and Cu-Geo2-Cu (dielectic thickness 2000-A) is shown to exhibit memory switching at an applied voltage of order IIV.
Abstract: A range of specimens in the form of thin film sandwishof AI-GeO2-AI(dielectric thickness 400–1500 A) and Cu-Geo2-Cu (dielectric thickness 2000 A) is shown to exhibit memory switching at an applied voltage of order IIV.
TL;DR: A technique is proposed for implementing parallel tree-like comparator circuits with fan-in constrained gates, exhibiting logarithmic comparison time growth, based on formulating the binary comparator logic to resemble the carry look ahead logic of the binary adder.
Abstract: A technique is proposed for implementing parallel tree-like comparator circuits with fan-in constrained gates, exhibiting logarithmic comparison time growth. The technique is based on formulating the binary comparator logic to resemble the carry look ahead logic of the binary adder. The implementation is extended to modular tree comparator networks.
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between the controlling signal and the cut-off frequency can be both linear and inverse, and circuit blocks, suitable for integrated circuits, for realizing electronically tunable high-pass and low-pass filters are presented.
Abstract: Circuit blocks,suitable for integrated circuits, for realizing electronically tunable high-pass and low-pass filters, where the relationship between the controlling signal and the cut-off frequency can be both linear and inverse, are presented.
TL;DR: A very simple, compact and economical design of an OMX is reported and critically discussed in this article, and a very simple and compact OMX architecture is proposed for the first time.
Abstract: A very simple, compact and economical design of an OMX is reported and critically discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, an algebraic procedure is proposed for an exhaustive determination of the realization of a logic function with multiplexer units of a given number of data inputs, starting from the decomposition of the logic function in a sum of canonical minterms the complete set of reduced minterms is obtained.
Abstract: An algebraic procedure is proposed for an exhaustive determination of the realization of a logic function with multiplexer units of a given number of data inputs. Starting from the decomposition of the logic function in a sum of canonical minterms the complete set of reduced minterms is obtained. The decimal expression of minterms is conveniently used to draw a table which gives for any possible set of selection inputs the corresponding data input terms and shows the overlapping of the function. Examples are treated, which show the versatility of the procedure.
TL;DR: A technique for realizing switching functions having particular properties (symmetry, equality, redundancy and complementarity) of n variables with a minimum number of multiplexers is developed in this paper.
Abstract: A technique for realizing switching functions having particular properties (symmetry, equality, redundancy and complementarity) of n variables with a minimum number of multiplexers is developed Starting from Shannon's expansion, the minimal realization can be readily determined from the residue functions which have particular properties about certain variables, these variables can be easily divided between data inputs and selection inputs The appropriate choice of these variables may eliminate a significant number of multiplexers
TL;DR: A simple firing delay circuit for 3-I fully controlled bridge using a phase locked loop and the use of this circuit in three-phase thyristor converters and 'circulating current free' mode dual converters is described.
Abstract: A simple firing delay circuit for 3-I fully controlled bridge using a phase locked loop is described. The circuit uses very few components and is an improved scheme over the existing methods. The use of this circuit in three-phase thyristor converters and 'circulating current free' mode dual converters is described.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of using a compensated operational amplifier in the design of second-order, minimum capacitor, active RC filters is studied, and a state-space description for the filter leads to a set of necessary conditions, in algebraic and topological forms, such that important properties of the ideal filter structure are achieved.
Abstract: The effect of using a compensated operational amplifier in the design of second-order, minimum capacitor, active RC filters is [studied. A state-space description for the filter leads to a set of necessary conditions, in algebraic and topological forms, such that important properties of the ideal filter structure are achieved. These conditions are easily derived from the ideal structure. A simple design procedure enables the designer to get the moat out of the gain-bandwidth of the amplifier, obtaining an exact location for the pair of complex poles, while increasing considerably the frequency range where the structure is usable.