Showing papers in "Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice in 2021"
TL;DR: The unprecedented changes in routine activities brought about by COVID-19 and the associated lockdown measures contributed to a reduction in opportunities for predatory crimes in outdoor physical activities as discussed by the authors, leading to an increase in the number of predatory crimes.
Abstract: The unprecedented changes in routine activities brought about by COVID-19 and the associated lockdown measures contributed to a reduction in opportunities for predatory crimes in outdoor physical s...
24 citations
TL;DR: This article examines statutes and practices to theorize pay-to-stay as exemplary of the shadow carceral state—an outcome of legal hybridity and institutional annexation legitimated using the legal construction of “not punishment,” which frames monetary sanctions as non-punitive.
Abstract: The expansion of monetary sanctions constitutes what Beckett and Murakawa describe as the "shadow carceral state," where covert penal power is expanded through institutional annexation by blending civil, administrative, and criminal legal authority. A growing body of work on monetary sanctions has begun to dissect covert penal power by tracing increased civil and administrative pipelines to incarceration, civil financial alternatives to criminal sanctions, and innovations to generate criminal justice revenue. However, institutional annexation and innovation in the form of contemporary pay-to-stay practices remain understudied and undertheorized. In this article, I first examine statutes and practices to theorize pay-to-stay as exemplary of the shadow carceral state-an outcome of legal hybridity and institutional annexation legitimated using the legal construction of "not punishment," which frames monetary sanctions as non-punitive. Second, I expand Beckett and Murakawa's framework to argue pay-to-stay practices reveal how the shadow carceral state compounds or initiates the civil death of those charged. I broaden our notion of civil death to include financial indebtedness to the shadow carceral state. I suggest covert penal power expands through the accumulation of resources extracted from people marked for civil death through criminal justice contact. Finally, I conclude that monetary sanctions such as pay-to-stay reveal how the shadow carceral state expands covert penal power through necrocapitalism, meaning institutional accumulation occurs through dispossession and the subjugation of life to the power of death.
21 citations
TL;DR: This article examined whether Covid-19, which is widely believed to have originated in China, negatively affected the environment for Chinese people in London leading to an increase in hate crimes toward this group.
Abstract: We examine whether Covid-19, which is widely believed to have originated in China, negatively affected the environment for Chinese people in London leading to an increase in hate crimes toward this...
21 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the internal dynamics and networks of Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham using a “Global Cyberterrorism Dataset” that features data on cyberterror attacks between 2011 and 2016 indicates that terror in cyberspace is ubiquitous, more flexible than traditional terrorism, and that cyberattacks mostly occurred within the countries of origin.
Abstract: This study explores the internal dynamics and networks of terrorist groups in cyberspace—in particular, Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS). Using a “Global Cyberterrorism Dat...
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on temporal and spatial patterns of crime in three major cities under very different national contexts and found that there is a statistically significant break in the trend in crime levels after the stay-at-home orders were implemented in New York City, Sao Paulo, and Stockholm in the first months of 2020.
Abstract: Studies are showing evidence of the effect of changes in routine activities due to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic on crime levels in many cities worldwide. This study evaluates the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on temporal and spatial patterns of crime in three major cities under very different national contexts. Each of the three countries and cities experienced different levels of pandemic restrictions and societal closure. The cities of New York (the United States), Sao Paulo (Brazil), and Stockholm (Sweden) were selected as cases. Temporal quantitative methods, spatial statistics techniques, and Geographical Information System (GIS) underlie the methodology used in this study. Findings show that there is a statistically significant break in the trend in crime levels after the stay-at-home orders were implemented in New York City, Sao Paulo, and Stockholm in the first months of 2020;the only exception was for murder. Such an impact varies by crime type and city context, but increases again after a few months, indicating how fast crime and criminals adapt. Residential burglary decreased, whereas nonresidential burglary increased overall. Changes in the levels and geography of vehicle thefts were observed, with an overall increase of significant cold spots but, in several cases, also solidification of existing crime concentrations in known crime attractors and in some deprived areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
15 citations
TL;DR: This study provides an exploration of previously underexamined ways in which monetary sanctions impose distinct burdens on the poor and proposes a series of policy recommendations revolving around three key themes: enhancement of indigency procedures, equity in monetary sanctions, and alleviating burdens by improving accessibility.
Abstract: Over the last several decades, with the rise of mass incarceration in the United States and its steep costs, governments at the federal, state, and local levels have dramatically ramped up monetary...
14 citations
TL;DR: Lee et al. as mentioned in this paper estimate and explain citizens' fear of identity theft victimization by examining data collected from a nationally representative sample of South Korean residents, and find that the majority of the respondents were concerned about identity theft.
Abstract: The current study aims to estimate and explain citizens’ fear of identity theft victimization by examining data collected from a nationally representative sample of South Korean residents. Specific...
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors recognize the importance of geographical places to crime activities and the role that place managers might play in effectively preventing crime, and they propose a crime prevention strategy for geographical places.
Abstract: Criminologists and crime prevention practitioners recognize the importance of geographical places to crime activities and the role that place managers might play in effectively preventing crime. In...
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, monetary sanctions levied on individuals on probation and parole may dramatically influence their ability to reintegrate into the community and to complete their community supervision. Yet very lit...
Abstract: Monetary sanctions levied on individuals on probation and parole may dramatically influence their ability to reintegrate into the community and to complete their community supervision. Yet very lit...
12 citations
TL;DR: This article details issues that institutions in each arm of the CJ system face when releasing pandemic-related data and concludes with a set of recommendations for researchers seeking to use the abundance of publicly available data on the effects of the pandemic.
Abstract: Public organizations, including institutions in the U.S. criminal justice (CJ) system, have been rapidly releasing information pertaining to COVID-19. Even CJ institutions typically reticent to sha...
11 citations
TL;DR: Drawing on courtroom observations and interviews in Washington State finds that although the court does take disability into account when imposing economic sanctions and monitoring payment compliance, individuals with disabilities end up in a perpetual cycle of administrative hearings that can result in serious financial and health consequences for those involved.
Abstract: Monetary sanctions are a common tool for enforcing accountability within the criminal justice system. However, it is unclear how individuals with disabilities who have a limited capacity to work in...
TL;DR: In the criminal legal system, a single conviction can result in multiple legal financial obligations, varying in complexity and complexity as mentioned in this paper, which can be paid in a timely manner, depending on the case.
Abstract: Monetary sanctions in the criminal legal system are legally and procedurally complex. If not paid in a timely manner, a single conviction can result in multiple legal financial obligations, varying...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used official data from Guatemala's Departamento de Atencion a la Victima (Victim Attention Department), a specialized unit in Guatemala's National Civil Police, to assess the long-term...
Abstract: This study uses official data from Guatemala’s Departamento de Atencion a la Victima (Victim Attention Department), a specialized unit in Guatemala’s National Civil Police, to assess the long-term ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that survivors' abilities to cope in the aftermath of sexual trauma are affected by their family and friends, and that sexual assault has a devastating effect on survivors as well as their secondary survivors.
Abstract: Sexual assault has a devastating effect on survivors as well as their family and friends (i.e., secondary survivors). Research shows that survivors’ abilities to cope in the aftermath of sexual tra...
TL;DR: The primary purpose of as mentioned in this paper was to examine public support for the death penalty in Brazil and to determine factors that influence such support, which is the case in most of the countries in the world.
Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to examine public support for the death penalty in Brazil and to determine factors that influence such support. Currently, Brazil has the death penalty for cas...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the geographic distribution of carjacking in Campinland and describe the characteristics of carjackings in the area around the city of New Orleans.
Abstract: Carjacking calls for a specialized analysis because it occurs at lightning speed within very brief windows of opportunity. This article describes the geographic distribution of carjacking in Campin...
TL;DR: The COVID-19 health restrictions not only affected crime rates but also created a new and temporary type of crime, COVID19 public health violations as mentioned in this paper. Unfortunately, this new crime type has not yet been...
Abstract: COVID-19 health restrictions not only affected crime rates but also created a new and temporary type of crime, COVID-19 public health violations. Unfortunately, this new crime type has not yet been...
TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of traditional criminological approaches to cybercrime is examined. But, the authors focus on cyber-criminology is not a good fit for traditional crime research.
Abstract: As the world becomes increasingly connected and interdependent upon technology, crimes are moving online. Research on cybercrime is beginning to test the applicability of traditional criminological...
TL;DR: In this article, the main objective of the study is to quantify racial victimization differential between Blacks and Whites in Brazil, focusing on homicides and physical assaults, combining socioeconomic data from different socioeconomic groups.
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to quantify racial victimization differential between Blacks and Whites in Brazil, focusing on homicides and physical assaults. Combining socioeconomic data from...
TL;DR: Perceived formal sanctions was negatively correlated with software piracy, media piracy, password cracking, accessing accounts, sending mean messages privately online, and posting mean messages, and higher levels of perceived formal sanctions did not significantly predict any form of cybercrime.
Abstract: The threat of formal sanctions is the criminal justice system’s primary tool to discourage online and offline deviant behavior. Yet, scholars have expressed strong concerns about the effectiveness ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined an innovative domestic violence intervention: some 300 second-response police patrols set up since 2015 by military police forces and municipal guards in cities around Brazi...
Abstract: This article examines an innovative domestic violence intervention: some 300 “second-response” police patrols set up since 2015 by military police forces and municipal guards in cities around Brazi...
TL;DR: The assessment and collection of monetary sanctions (fines, fees, and restitution) have become a common element of the U.S. criminal justice system, especially in community corrections.
Abstract: The assessment and collection of monetary sanctions (fines, fees, and restitution) have become a common element of the U.S. criminal justice system, especially in community corrections. Although th...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the space-temporal growth of homicide rates in Brazil from 2000 to 2017 and identified determinants of the country's growth in homicide rates, using data from the Brazilian Inform...
Abstract: This study investigates the space-temporal growth of homicide rates in Brazil from 2000 to 2017 and identifies determinants of the country’s growth of homicide rates. Data from the Brazilian Inform...
TL;DR: Results from the four binary regression models found that minority males are more likely to have chronic illnesses which increase in probability with longer sentences, number of incarcerations, and advancement in age.
Abstract: Long-standing health and social inequalities associated with minorities have increased their risk for infection, hospitalization, and death related to COVID-19. This disparity is further exacerbate...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied how individuals under correctional supervision experience and perceive legal financial obligations (LFOs) and how they perceive lFOs in the context of criminal justice.
Abstract: Legal financial obligations (LFOs) are routinely assessed by the courts and corrections agencies. Yet, little is known about how individuals under correctional supervision experience and perceive l...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test a situational hypothesis which postulates that the number of femicides should increase as an unintended consequence of the COVID-19-related lockdowns.
Abstract: This paper tests a situational hypothesis which postulates that the number of femicides should increase as an unintended consequence of the COVID-19-related lockdowns. The monthly data on femicides...
TL;DR: In this paper, the persistence of the nation's opioid epidemic has called on criminal justice and public health agencies to collaborate more than ever, and this epidemiological criminology framework highlights the su...
Abstract: The persistence of the nation’s opioid epidemic has called on criminal justice and public health agencies to collaborate more than ever. This epidemiological criminology framework highlights the su...
TL;DR: In the city of Cincinnati, Ohio there has been a significant increase in intimate partner violence (IPV) in the last few years as discussed by the authors, which is an insidious public health concern that affects people of all demographic backgrounds.
Abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an insidious public health concern that affects people of all demographic backgrounds. In the city of Cincinnati, Ohio there has been a significant increase in IP...
TL;DR: In this article, there have been several attempts to better connect research evidence evidence and public policy initiatives by connecting empirical research evidence and policy initiatives, but none of them have been successful.
Abstract: Criminologists are often frustrated by the disconnect between sound empirical research and public policy initiatives. Recently, there have been several attempts to better connect research evidence ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how residents govern security in two middle-class neighborhoods in Londrina, the fourth largest city in southern Brazil, by using nodal governance theory.
Abstract: This study explores how residents govern security in two middle-class neighborhoods in Londrina, the fourth largest city in southern Brazil. Utilizing nodal governance theory, it analyses a securit...