Showing papers in "Journal of Public Economics in 1977"

TL;DR: In this paper, voting over linear income tax schedules is considered, and a choice set is shown to exist when only mild restrictions are imposed, and conditions required for this result are likely to be satisfied.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derive normative tax rules based on the constitutional calculus of the typical voter-taxpayer when he predicts that post-constitutional political processes will be dominated by a budget-maximizing Leviathan-like bureaucracy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the public provision of pensions in the U.S. by means of the Social Security systems is examined relative to conventional arguments for public intervention and the system is analysed in terms of income redistribution, the provision of insurance where private markets are not efficient, and the compelling of saving by individuals.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that if the marginal tax rate at the top of the scale is positive, one can construct another tax schedule which is strongly Pareto superior (dominating the first one at all or most income levels), requirements of information being low.

TL;DR: Household circumstances are taken into account in studies of fertility, the incidence of taxation, poverty, income distribution, the impact of price changes, and demand analysis.

TL;DR: In this paper, a taxonomy of direct and indirect crowding out of private economic activity by public economic activity is proposed, where the degree of crowding, the time horizon considered, and the indirect crowdings out constitute the four main categories.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare price and quantity rationing in terms of their capacities to allocate scarce goods, focusing on the comparison of the price system on income redistribution and its relation with nonlinear price schedule and factors attributing the quantity of rationing.

TL;DR: The current operational model of demand for health insurance shows that the tax subsidy does substantially increase insurance coverage, and since much of the rise in health care costs can be attributed to the growth of insurance, the tax subsidies are responsible for much of what is widely perceived as a health care crisis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the circumstances under which it is possible to use the market or aggregate demand functions generated from individual utility maximization to obtain consumers' preferences for certain classes of public goods, and thus obtain the information needed to satisfy the Samuelsonian efficiency conditions for these public goods.

TL;DR: This paper argued that a strategy which consists in playing down one's preferences for a public good in order to get a lower share in the costs of providing the good is not likely to succed in an open political decision-making process involving elected representatives.

TL;DR: This article extended the work of Arrow and Bruno on the optimal distribution of educational expenditure and examined educational policies when both education and income redistribution policies are simultaneously optimised, and found that these modifications lead to more regressive educational policies than suggested by Arrow.

TL;DR: In this article, simple general equilibrium models are constructed to show that when decisions are reached by majority rule a commodity is more likely to be socialized the greater the inequality of income in the community and the less diverse the tastes of individuals for that commodity.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reexamine the question of the incidence and effects of the U.S. Federal income tax subsidy of owner-occupied housing and demonstrate that supply elasticity considerations are crucial in determining the tax incidence and efficiency effects.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived optimal tax formulae and optimal tax rates for the case where there are many consumers, an income tax is impossible and the government has to trade off efficiency in order to improve the real distribution of income.

TL;DR: This paper used a sample of over sixteen thousand twelfth grade students from the Equality of Educational Opportunity survey, and estimated the model by two-stage least squares and presented the reduced form and structural form equations.

TL;DR: In this paper, personal comparisons of utility levels and/or utility differences are used to define equity in distributing income, and the form of these restrictions depends on whether the levels and differences of the same utility functions are being compared.

TL;DR: In this article, air pollution externalities are analyzed in an explicit spatial setting that recognizes the spatial interdependence of polluters and their victims, and optimal environmental policies are shown to consist not only of Pigouvian taxes but also of two other policies.

TL;DR: In this article, an econometric model of property crime for Rochester, New York is presented, where both police and criminal behavior are modeled simultaneously in an eXort to deal with the following questions: (1) What descriptive factors of neighborhoods explain the variation in numbers of resident criminals and levels of criminal activity? (2) What variables influence the police department manpower deployment decisions across neighborhoods? (3) What are the impacts of variations in levels of police deployment on neighborhood crime rates?

TL;DR: In this paper, Shoven and Whalley have described a technique for computing an approximate competitive equilibrium for an economy with ad valorem consumer and producer taxes, in which producers maximize profits and consumer demands satisfy conventional budget constraints.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the problem of determining the desire of the population for a single specific public project, and propose an individually incentive compatible and successful procedure for determining the desired public goods.

TL;DR: In this paper, a general equilibrium model of education is proposed, distinguished by a "job ladder" or sticky wages, combined with the assumption that educated labor is preferred over uneducated labor, i.e. per a "fairness-in-hiring" rule, when there is excess demand for jobs at given wages.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the unbalanced growth model to predict growth rates of per capita government expenditures, government's share of GNP and the pattern of government expenditure growth.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a general equilibrium simulation model of residential land use to study the long run effects of transportation changes in a closed city, including aggregate benefits from and income distributional impact of the changes, in addition to the induced alterations in the physical characteristics of the city and in the location and modal choice of different income groups.

TL;DR: In this article, the problem of congestion is analyzed as a consumption externality in a model in which the market demand of consumers of facility services reflects heterogenous taste for congestion avoidance and individual willingness to pay is a function of the aggregate level of facility use.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors correct some errors in Dixit (1975) which arise because, contrary to what is stated there, a loss of generality is involved in choosing an untaxed commodity in an economy where the consumers receive lump sum income in nominal units.

TL;DR: In this paper, a formal model of an economy consisting of many production centres, each of which levies property taxes at a different rate, is developed and analyzed, and it is shown that holders of capital may have either a positive or negative willingness to pay for a heterogenous system of taxes relative to a uniform tax which raises the same revenue.