Showing papers in "Journal of Research in Personality in 1985"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the development and validation of a general causality orientations scale, which measures autonomy, control, and impersonal orientations of a person's behavior.

TL;DR: The authors found that those who are more likely to emphasize the values of cooperation, equality, and honesty were more likely than those who were not to emphasize these values, and that those with more social support reported a better quality of social support, while those with less social support were higher in achievement motivation, alienation, anomie and reported greater loneliness.

TL;DR: The authors found that men with relatively higher inclinations to aggress against women are particularly likely to be affected by media depictions of rape myths, and that power motives were consistently associated with greater beliefs in rape myths.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the relationship between validity and a variety of other test item parameters, including negative keying and negative wording, and find that clear, moderately short, relevant test items tended to be the most empirically valid.

TL;DR: The authors found that people in helping professions have higher levels of involvement in everyday planned helping than do people in non-helping occupations, and they concluded that planned helping, although posing methodological difficulties, is a necessary adjunct to experimental research.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the construct validity of the English version of M. Rosenbaum's Self-Control Schedule (SCS) and found that the SCS may have potential as a multidimensional instrument.

TL;DR: In this article, short-term changes in the auditory evoked response to low-frequency tones (0.5 kHz, 80 dB) were examined for independent groups of introverts and extraverts under attend and ignore conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that it is critical to take into account the method used to assess Type A behavior, and that Structured Interview assessments show a more consistent association with reactivity than those based on the Jenkins Activity Survey.

TL;DR: Responses' scores on a health value scale in combination with their rated health status proved to be better predictors of health behaviors than their locus of control beliefs.

TL;DR: This article investigated Paulhus' principal-factor deletion technique (PFDT), a factor analytic method for controlling for socially desirable responding, and found that the factor deleted by PFDT more closely reflected neuroticism than impression management.

TL;DR: In this paper, a hierarchical model of self-concept and academic achievement is proposed to explore the relationship between the various facets of selfconcept, including achievement, ability, and classroom selfconcepts.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of selected empirical studies and analyses of new data, Burisch has concluded that single-item global self-ratings generally yield greater coefficients of criterion validity than questionnaire measures of the same traits, and most existing personality questionnaires can be shortened considerably without any consequent loss in validity.

TL;DR: For example, the authors found that post-hypnotic amnesia suggestion and non-hypnosis distraction increased the subjective organization of recall, but not the amount of recalled information.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that, contrary to Maslow's claims, perceived physical ability is not a positive correlate of self-actualization, and that high PSPC individuals are more likely to be actualizing than low PSPC people.

TL;DR: This article found that children preferred aggressive themes to dependency themes, and third graders especially showed attenuated response to dependency cartoons, while mirth responses and funniness ratings increased as comprehension increased.

TL;DR: The authors examined the direction of the relation between sex role self-concept and depression and found that emotional well being precedes self-perceived instrumentality, but the influence of third variables could not be overlooked.

TL;DR: In this article, a self-presentational approach to social anxiety was proposed, and it was hypothesized that low social anxiety individuals respond to the expectation of further personal interaction with another person by increasing the favorability of their selfpresentations.

TL;DR: A 16-item scale to measure social psychopathy (the SPS) is introduced by as discussed by the authors. But the scale is based on common criteria or psychopathy and is derived through judges' ratings of self-report items, and the SPS correlated positively with selfmonitoring and showed a curvilinear relation to a manifest anxiety measure.

TL;DR: In this article, an empirical test of the interaction model of anxiety was provided by assessing the state anxiety and trait anxiety of 20 female and 7 male dental patients undergoing periodontal surgery.

TL;DR: This article investigated the possibility that personality variables might relate to the magnitude of the cognitive attributional error and found that measures of cognitive processing style may be more relevant to attribution than the various measures of sensitivity to environmental variation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between goal attractiveness ratings and performance on an anagram task and found that moderate levels of goal attractiveness were associated with better performance than either low or high levels of attractiveness.

TL;DR: Affective responses to sex variations in dominant status and to aggressivity were employed to provide explanations for these results.

TL;DR: For instance, this article found that social interest is positively related to sex-role femininity, androgyny, positive ambition, other-centered life goals, and, surprisingly, sex role masculinity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrated self-theories (specifically, theories of cognitive consistency and self-esteem) with attribution theory to clarify the effects of different levels of selfesteem and performance satisfaction on causal internalization of academic performance.

TL;DR: This article examined the personal basis of resistance to authority, moral judgment and attitudes toward authority in 183 men and women political resisters, including antinuclear, draft registration, and tax resisters and anarchists, and compared to 34 liberal and 29 conservative activists.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of socialization on the physiological detection of deception using the control question test (CQT) were explored in three mock crime experiments, and it was concluded that socialization is not an important variable for field applications of the CQT.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was hypothesized that poorer performance of externals in cognitive and interpersonal tasks also would be found in the processing of nonverbal information in the form of a facial affect recognition task.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that data amply support the conclusion that construct-based personality scales derived from a systematic program of test construction will outperform both ad hoc and empirical scales.

TL;DR: In this article, undergraduate subjects rated their control over their own life events and the average student's control over his/her life events, and found that self-attributions and attributions to others of control for negative events did not differ.

TL;DR: Paunonen and Jackson as discussed by the authors examined the criticisms by S. V. Paunonen et al. and D. N. Jackson (1985, Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 331-342) and concluded that despite the best intentions, the author remains unconvinced.