Showing papers in "Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research in 1980"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared frequency selectivity in observers with normal hearing and observers with conductive (non-otosclerotic), otosclerotic, noise-induced, or conductive conditions.
Abstract: This study compares frequency selectivity—as measured by four different methods—in observers with normal hearing and in observers with conductive (non-otosclerotic), otosclerotic, noise-induced, or...
175 citations
TL;DR: Vocal shimmer during the sustained phonation of /a/, /i/, /u/ was investigated for thirty-one adult male speakers using an automatic analysis program and significant correlations were found among shimmer, jitter and standard deviation.
Abstract: Vocal shimmer during the sustained phonation of/a/, /i/, /u/ was investigated for thirty-one adult male speakers using an automatic analysis program. The results showed an overall average shimmer o...
168 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that an understanding of the many behaviors associated with stuttering will be understood only by analyzing the behavioral and neurophysiological interactions among the respiratory, laryngeal, and supraglottal structures.
Abstract: Based on the data and discussion in the two preceding papers a preliminary model for disfluency is proposed. Stuttering is identified as movement patterns associated with perceptually judged disfluencies. It is suggested that the speech structures operate within certain ranges of variability in terms of their movement parameters and interarticulator temporal and spatial relations. This variability may be influenced by emotional, perceptual and/or physiological events. When the "normal" ranges are exceeded, the afferent nerve impulses generated alter the gains of associated brainstem reflexes. Altering of the reflex gains throws the articulatory system out of balance and a breakdown in behavior occurs, often manifested as oscillations or static positioning. The influence of physiological and environmental variables on neuromotor processes leading to these patterns is emphasized. The model suggested has been developed from inferences from movement patterns of the upper articulators. Thus, the patterns discussed involve these structures. It is suggested, however, that an understanding of the many behaviors associated with stuttering will be understood only by analyzing the behavioral and neurophysiological interactions among the respiratory, laryngeal, and supraglottal structures.
159 citations
TL;DR: A Picture Story Test for eliciting narrative speech was administered to five patients in each of the subgroups of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasic subjects and matched controls, finding that Grammatical complexity was reduced in Werniks aphasics subjects, who used simple concatenation much more often than normal-speaking subjects.
Abstract: A Picture Story Test for eliciting narrative speech was administered to five patients in each of the subgroups of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasic subjects and matched controls. While Wernicke's subj...
148 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that stutterers consistently show longer durations between movement onsets, achievements of peak velocity and voice onsets than normal speakers and that in perceptually fluent utterances the organization of events necessary for speech production differs between groups of stutterer and normal speakers.
Abstract: High speed cineradiography is used to describe the kinematics and spatial and temporal organization of perceptually fluent speech gestures for six stutterers and seven normal speakers. Movements of...
134 citations
TL;DR: The mean scores of the spastic subjects were superior to the athetoids on all speech measures, significantly so for single-word intelligibility and DDK rate even when group inequalities for physical disability and I.Q. were adjusted.
Abstract: The articulation errors of 32 spastic and 18 athetoid males, aged 17–55 years, were analyzed using a confusion matrix paradigm. The subjects had a diagnosis of congenital cerebral palsy, and adequa...
111 citations
TL;DR: Syllable repetitions were significantly slower in the dysarthric patients than in the normal patients, and a high negative correlation was obtained between syllabic rate and severity of articulatory defect.
Abstract: Tongue force, rate of syllable repetition, and judgments of articulatory defectiveness were measures obtained on 19 dysarthric adults with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and on 125 normal adults. Anterior and lateral tongue forces were measured by means of a pressure transducer clasped between the teeth; the tongue forces were recorded on a pen-writing ECG apparatus. Audio-recorded syllable repetitions of /p/, /t/, and /k/ also were transcribed on ECG paper and counted. Three listeners rated articulatory precision on a 7-point scale of severity. The normal males had significantly higher tongue forces than normal females; normal subjects had significantly higher tongue forces than dysarthric patients; and anterior tongue forces were significantly greater than lateral in normal and dysarthric patients. There was a high negative correlation between tongue force and severity of articulatory defect. Syllable repetitions were significantly slower in the dysarthric patients than in the normal patients, and a high...
102 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of F1/F2 plots over time revealed the emergence of a well-developed vowel triangle, resembling that of older children and adults, which seems to develop before the grave axis.
Abstract: Recordings of vocal production of an infant (age 16–64 weeks) were subjected to perceptual and acoustic analysis. Sounds resembling the vowel sounds of English were identified, and formant frequenc...
102 citations
TL;DR: The myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of phonation has been quantified and tested with mathematical models and suggests that vocal fold oscillation is produced as a result of asymmetric forcing functions over closing and opening portions of the glottal cycle.
Abstract: The myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of phonation has been quantified and tested with mathematical models. The models suggest that vocal fold oscillation is produced as a result of asymmetric forcing ...
90 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of patterns of cognitive ability in cleft lip ad palate children withh verbal deficit, but without general intellectual retardation found the children wit only a verbal expression problem performed significantly better on tasks requiring categorization and associative reasoning, although there were few apparent differences on memory items.
Abstract: This study examined patterns of cognitive ability in 57 cleft lip and palate children with verbal deficit, but without general intellectual retardation. The question to be evaluated was whether the...
89 citations
TL;DR: The articulation errors of 32 spastic and 18 athetoid males, aged 17-55 years, were analyzed using a confusion matrix paradigm and it was found that within- manner errors exceeded between-manner errors by a substantial amount.
Abstract: The articulation errors of 32 spastic and 18 athetoid males, aged 17-55 years, were analyzed using a confusion matrix paradigm. The subjects had a diagnosis of congenital cerebral palsy, and adequate intelligence, hearing, and ability to perform the speech task. Phonetic transcriptions were made of single-word utterances which contained 49 selected phonemes: 22 word-initial consonants, 18 word-final consonants and nine vowels. Errors of substitution, omission and distortion were categorized on confusion matrices such that patterns could be observed. It was found that within-manner errors (place or voicing errors or both) exceeded between-manner errors by a substantial amount, more so on final consonants. The predominant within-manner errors occurred on fricative phonemes for both initial and final positions. Affricate within-manner errors, all of devoicing, were also frequent in final position. The predominant between-manner initial position errors involved liquid-to-glide and affricate-to-stop changes, and for final position, affricate-to-fricative. Phoneme omission occurred three times more frequently on final than on initial consonants. The error data of individual subjects were found to correspond with the identified overall group patterns. Those with markedly reduced speech intelligibility demonstrated the same patterns of error as the overall group. The implications for treatment are discussed.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that stuttering may be a linguistic segmentation dysfunction is presented and the findings are discussed in terms of possible variables affecting hemispheric processing in normal males, females, and stutterers.
Abstract: The alpha hemispheric asymmetries of normal-speaking males, normal-speaking females and male stutterers were examined with electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques during exposure to connected spee...
TL;DR: High speed cinefluorographic techniques were used to record articulatory movements during fluent and disfluent speech from four stutterers and control utterances from one normal speaker to suggest reflex interactions among the muscles of articulation might account for some of these effects.
Abstract: High speed (150 fps) einefluorographie techniques were used to record articulatory movements during fluent and dis fluent speech from four stutterers and control utter- ances from one normal speake...
TL;DR: Tables of confidence levels for determining the probability of differences between speech-discrimination scores are presented, based on arc-sine transforms applied to a binomial distribution.
Abstract: Tables of confidence levels for determining the probability of differences between speech-discrimination scores are presented. These tables were generated by a computer program developed for that purpose, and they are based on arc-sine transforms applied to a binomial distribution.
TL;DR: Listeners display extremely short latencies when asked to reproduce (shadow), a random series of vowel-vowel sequences, which suggests a fast and direct linkage of the speech-analysis and speech-production mechanisms.
Abstract: Listeners display extremely short latencies when asked to reproduce (shadow), a random series of vowel-vowel sequences. The latency of the shadowing response is as fast or faster than that obtained...
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to determine if measures of speaking fundamental frequency and its perturbation could be useful in differentiating talkers with no known vocal pathology and talkers wi...
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if measures of speaking fundamental frequency and its perturbation could be useful in differentiating talkers with no known vocal pathology and talkers wi...
TL;DR: A cross-sectional study of language comprehension in relation to cognitive functioning in 48 to 10-to-21 month old children, 4 at each month of age, revealed significant correlations between comprehension and five sensorimotor subscales.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study of language comprehension in relation to cognitive functioning in 48 10-to-21 month old children, 4 at each month of age, revealed significant correlations between comprehen...
TL;DR: Paragraphs with controlled phonetic structures were matched to similarly structured diadochokinetic tasks in an effort to devise a more valid measurement, suggesting the possibility of a sharp neurophysiological or biomechanical barrier which varies markedly among presumably normal speakers.
Abstract: Paragraphs with controlled phonetic structures were matched to similarly structured diadochokinetic (Maximum Repetition Rate) tasks in an effort to devise a more valid measurement for (1) assessing...
TL;DR: A developmental pattern emerged, with the youngest children significantly more affected by the DAF than the older children or the adults and only weak evidence for a critical delay interval that varied according to age of the subjects.
Abstract: There is a controversy in the literature concerning the effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on the speech of subjects of varying ages, In the current experiment the subjects were five-year-o...
TL;DR: A contact (accelerometer) microphone placed on the neck below the cricoid cartilage and an electroglottograph for measurement of fundamental frequency in connected speech are compared.
Abstract: Signals from a throat contact microphone or an electroglottograph often are more suited for fundamental frequency measurements with simple analog circuits than the radiated speech signal. This report compares a contact (accelerometer) microphone placed on the neck below the cricoid cartilage and an electroglottograph for measurement of fundamental frequency in connected speech. The advantages and drawbacks of the two methods are discussed.
TL;DR: The major findings of this study indicated that across the two conditions, both groups failed to modify their vocal SPL and continuity of phonation and did, however, alter their vowel durations.
Abstract: It is well known that stutterers experience significant decrements in their stuttering when they read or speak in unison with another person. Recently, Wingate suggested that the act of choral read...
TL;DR: Time-compressed monosyllables have been studied relative to the assessment of central auditory disorders and are compared to earlier data using consonant-nucleus-consonant Monosyllabic stimuli.
Abstract: Time-compressed monosyllables have been studied relative to the assessment of central auditory disorders. In certain instances, sentential stimuli may be more useful than word lists in central audi...
TL;DR: A procedure designed to maintain and generalize the gains achieved during a stuttering treatment was assessed and indicated that the performance-contingent schedule was associated with both maintained and generalized reductions in stuttering.
Abstract: A procedure designed to maintain and generalize the gains achieved during a stuttering treatment was assessed. A performance-contingent schedule of decreasing within-clinic assessments was evaluate...
TL;DR: It is argued that the results from both experiments indicate that fast decreases in voice pitch are produced by isotonic contraction of the vocalis muscles.
Abstract: In a first experiment, subjects were presented with frequency modulated tones and instructed to vary their own vocal pitch to match what they were hearing. It was found that the faster a subject mo...
TL;DR: The results do not support the hypothesis that the levator veli palatini muscle is solely involved in both velar and lateral pharyngeal wall movements.
Abstract: Velar and pharyngeal wall displacements were studied simultaneously by using conventional lateral-view radiography and frontal-view tomography. Twenty-five normal adult male and female subjects wer...
TL;DR: The data suggest that whereas older stuttering children have longer phonation times than do nonstuttering children, younger stuttered children do not, and Voicing times for responses following nonrewarded responses tended to be shorter than those for responsesFollowing rewarded responses.
Abstract: The times needed to initiate and terminate voicing in response to series of short segments of 1000 Hz pure-tone auditory signal were studied for stuttering and nonstuttering children. The effects o...
TL;DR: For five subjects with tinnitus, all of whom have a sensorineural loss caused by noise trauma or noise exposure, there is no unmasking for (at least) one signal frequency in the region of the tinn Titus.
Abstract: Forward masking is the masking of a signal by a preceding masker. For normal observers, if two tones are employed as the forward masker, the addition of the second tone (which increases the masker ...
TL;DR: Two short versions (SPICAs) of the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA) were developed and investigated, with specific attention to their ability to predict standard PICA overall scores of patients with aphasia.
Abstract: Two short versions (SPICAs) of the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA)were developed and investigated, with specific attention to their ability to predict standard PICA overall scores of pa...
TL;DR: It was found that when the pronoun was stressed the children performed better than when it was unstressed, and it is argued that children are employing an ad hoc strategy for interpreting stressed pronouns, and they have not initially mastered the interaction of strategies and contrastive stress.
Abstract: Contrastive stress signals the hearer that the speaker thinks that certain information is not shared by the speaker and hearer. In the case of stressed pronouns the speaker is signalling the inappr...
TL;DR: Although clearly not clinically effective, Haloperidol had a statistically significant effect upon reducing disfluency frequency and increasing speaking rate and there was a positive correlation between abnormal EEG and the drug effect.
Abstract: Fourteen stutterers completed a double-blind crossover study of the effects of Haloperidol and Placebo treatments upon their speech disfluencies. Although clearly not clinically effective,...