Showing papers in "Legal Medicine in 2016"

TL;DR: This case reemphasizes the risk of death associated with drug overdose and the narrow range of acetyl fentanyl between the effective dose (ED50) and lethal dose (LD50), and should also raise awareness among medical professionals of the effectiveness of naloxone.

TL;DR: A wide range methylation status in the ELOVL2 and FHL2 promoter regions were detected with methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) in a labor-, time- and cost-effective manner, suggesting that the MS- HRM-based method has great potential in predicting actual forensic age.

TL;DR: CT cranial morphometric analysis may be reliable for the assessment of sex in the Turkish population and is recommended for comparison of data of modern populations with those of former populations.

TL;DR: Based on results, CBCT, when available, might be the method of choice for age estimation using the spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages, and the reproducibility and reliability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in an evaluation of the fusion stages.

TL;DR: Frontal sinus parameters did not have a high precision in sex determination among Persian adults and the number of septa and scallopings were not useful insex determination.

TL;DR: Much ballistics research has been conducted including using cadavers, animal models and simulants such as ballistics ordnance gelatine but these models need to accurately represent the human body and its heterogeneous nature which involves understanding the biomechanical properties of the different tissues and organs.

TL;DR: Micro-CT was confirmed as a useful tool in cases of subtle fatal neck compression, for the detection of minute laryngeal cartilage fractures, especially in complex cases with equivocal findings on MSCT.

TL;DR: The present findings support the conclusion that age assessment procedures based on both dental and skeletal age estimation can improve the accuracy and reduce the occurrence of false positives.

TL;DR: It is provided that the scapula is an important bone for sex diagnosis and it could be effectively used as alternatives in forensic cases when long bones were unavailable for stature estimation.

TL;DR: This work compared the amplification success of the two methods from bone samples with different qualities and in the presence of inhibitors and found that the DNA extraction using the silica membrane method results in higher DNA yield but also in a higher risk of co-extracting impurities, which can act as inhibitors.

TL;DR: It has been shown that PMCT used as an adjunct to forensic autopsy can cause an increase in information about vitally important regions in case of motorcycle accident fatalities.

TL;DR: Allele frequencies for 23 autosomal short tandem repeat loci and 1 Y-chromosome short tandem repeats locus were obtained from 1000 unrelated individuals of the Korean population.

TL;DR: This review aims at summarizing the state-of-the-art concerning the identification of the living on images and videos, including a critical evaluation of the advantages and limitations of different methods.

TL;DR: Cranial measurements obtained from 3D CT images may be useful for forensic estimation of the stature of Japanese individuals, particularly in cases where better predictors, such as long bones, are not available.

TL;DR: The author proposes a diagnostic protocol for forensic purposes and evaluates the diagnostic perspectives enabled by the newly available analytic techniques and markers and the application of omics methodologies could help in the future for anaphylaxis diagnosis.

TL;DR: This is the first report dealing with exact identification using reference standards, and quantification of M1 and M3 in an authentic urine specimen, and among the eight AB-CHMINACA metabolites tested, only 2 metabolites could be identified in the urine specimen of the deceased.

TL;DR: Using a detection method that has been rarely utilized to analyze these types of compounds, gas chromatography with positive chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (GC-PCI-MS/MS), 5 psychotropic compounds were detected in an actual forensic autopsy case.

TL;DR: An experiment was designed using human ribs placed in different environments to document how moisture and temperature affect the bone mass according to the postmortem interval, showing that significant differences in bone mass loss exist between environments.

TL;DR: The high resolution mass spectra supplied by the LTQ ORBITRAP instrument allowed for an unambiguous assignment of target compounds and the utilized instrumental coupling proved to be a convenient way for the identification of synthetic cannabinoids in real-world samples.

TL;DR: The use of each of the four modified primers resulted in improved STR profiles from environmentally-damaged bloodstains, contemporary human skeletal remains, American Civil War era bone samples, and skeletal remains of WWII soldiers over those obtained by previously described DOP-PCR methods and routine STR typing.

TL;DR: Test performances of semi-automatic tools for mesh-to-mesh processing while assessing sex and ancestry in documented human crania showed the extent of automatization proved to be perspective, especially for assessing skeletal features that cannot be properly quantified using discrete variables.

TL;DR: PTE may be assessed on unenhanced PMCT using diagnostic clues such as a distinct pattern of the pulmonary artery content and the presence of perivascular edema in the lower extremities.

TL;DR: Femoral F1 measurements in PMCT images are very accurate, reproducible and feasible for body height estimation of a contemporary Swiss population when using the equations after Penning and Riepert (2003) or Trotter and Gleser (1952).

TL;DR: The aim of this study is to provide an auxiliary diagnostic method to evaluate the association of different anthropometric measurements taken with tomographic imagery of both the first cervical and second cervical vertebra with body height within a sample of the Spanish population.

TL;DR: Simple and efficient extraction methods have been developed for the screening of a wide array of drugs in postmortem autopsy specimens that could easily be incorporated into a forensic laboratory's daily routine for screening many different compounds from postmortem samples.

TL;DR: The results demonstrated that there is an increase in tissue thickness as individuals grow; in most occasions, males showed thicker soft tissues than females of the same age, especially after the adolescent growth spurt.

TL;DR: Bloodstains are more suitable for detection of blood-specific mRNAs than blood sample, it is desirable that blood is stored as bloodstain for this method, and STR typing analyses revealed that a portion of the loci was undetected in bloodstains stored at room temperature.

TL;DR: When lower CT density presents in postmortem CT, the freezing effect may need to be considered and the physician should evaluate the cadaver's postmortem condition to prevent misdiagnoses.

TL;DR: The test results support the hypothesis that the SE formulae are sufficient for the contemporary Turkish population and they can be used safely for criminal investigations when posterior probabilities are over 95%.

TL;DR: PPY23 and YPlus showed similar sensitivity, but PPY23 showed higher tolerance to humic acid than YPlus, and the detection rate of unique minor alleles called from male/male mixtures was higher for PPY 23 than for YPlus.