Showing papers in "Marine Environmental Research in 1988"

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of sediment particle size and water content on the survival of an amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius, were examined by manipulating these natural sediment features within static laboratory microcosms.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the decreased ovarian growth in croaker after pollutant exposure may be a consequence of the decline in plasma 17β-estradiol levels, and this decrease in circulating levels of gonadal steroids does not appear to be caused by a direct effect of the chemicals on ovarian steroid synthesis.

TL;DR: These studies show that there is up to a 1·7-fold increase in glutathione- S -transferase activity in mussels which have been exposed to dieldrin, which could form the basis for the early detection of a stress response in organisms exposed to organochlorine compounds.

TL;DR: The abundance, characteristics and distribution of plastic particles at the sea surface off the southwestern Cape Province, South Africa, is described from 1224 neuston trawls made between August 1977 and August 1978 as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In young whales, pollutant burdens in specimens from the two sexes were indistinguishable but, from the onset of sexual maturity, concentrations of all organochlorines increased with age and body size in males and decreased in females, suggesting absence of reproductive senescence in this species.

TL;DR: In this article, a census for standing stocks of nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, total nitrogen, phosphorus and silicate in the Baltic Sea is given for two 5-year periods (1972-1976 and 1977-1981).

TL;DR: In this article, the concentrations of two classes of waste-specific molecular markers (the linear alkylbenzenes and the fecal sterols, coprostanol and epicopprostanol) were determined in six municipal sewage sludges.

TL;DR: In this paper, the exposure of adult winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, to contaminated estuarine environments and the possible impact of this exposure on their progeny was investigated.

TL;DR: The relative acute toxicity of particle-bound and dissolved interstitial cadmium was investigated using a new bioassay procedure as mentioned in this paper, where the interstitial concentration of Cd was controlled by peristaltic pumps, allowing separate manipulation of interstitial and particle properties.

TL;DR: L Laboratory spawning studies demonstrated that white croaker inhabiting contaminated areas near Los Angeles had higher chlorinated hydrocarbon body burdens, greater early oocyte destruction and preovulatory atresia, lower batch fecundities, and lower fertilization rates than fish from a reference area 80 km away.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the Crustacea Callichirus laurae (Thalassinidea:Callianassideae) burrow acts as a chemical reservoir that may reach several meters deep into the sediment.

TL;DR: The ability of increases or decreases in salinity to affect the rate of model PAH mineralization appeared to be dependent on the natural variation in the salinity regime from which a sample was obtained as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Preliminary results of experiments with zinc sulfate, sodium pentachlorophenate, and a primary-treated sewage effluent showed that early life stages of Macrocystis have a variable sensitivity to these toxicants and are amenable to evaluating the toxicity of a variety of toxicants, including sewage effluents.

TL;DR: Oysters, hard clams and Rangia have been shown to be good monitors of pollution inputs as one proceeds along salinity gradients from 25‰ to 0·5‰, and effects of increased body burdens of PAHs are shown by a lowering of the oysters' condition index, as measured by lipid levels.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the presence of infauna may significantly stimulate certain microbial activities and meiofauna colonization in marine sediments and mitigation of the effects of organic pollutants, as well as their elimination from sediments, may be enhanced in systems with robust microbe-infauna associations.

TL;DR: A rapid and facile procedure for obtaining DNA from small, whole aquatic organisms as well as from the liver of another species and the subsequent estimation of its double strandedness is reported and the amount of double-stranded and single-Stranded DNA is determined.

TL;DR: A luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) assay is currently being developed and tested with macrophages isolated from the kidneys of spot (Leiostomus xanthrus) and hogchoker (Trinectes maculatus) as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The organochlorine data indicate that females of Dall's porpoise attain their sexual maturity at about 2 years of age and their first parturition occurs around 3 years, and the active parturitions period seems to be up to approximately 6 to 7 years ofAge and declines thereafter.

TL;DR: This model has been successfully applied in the context of the contamination of the Gironde estuary (France) and can also be used to define a water quality criterion for mussel maturing parks consistent with the quality criterion defined for shellfish for human consumption.

TL;DR: The 32P-postlabeling analysis of DNA adducts formed in mussel digestive gland homogenates incubated with 2-aminofluorene showed one major and one minor adduct in the range of 1 adduct per 1–4 × 108 nucleotides.

TL;DR: It is found that both heat-shock and Cd can induce the SPR in both species and researchers are presently carrying out experiments to correlate the induction of stress proteins with an increased capacity to tolerate subsequent stressful conditions.

TL;DR: Proteins corresponding in molecular weight to hsps were expressed in tissues incubated at 25 and 30°C and higher Cu concentrations caused a complete inhibition of label incorporation, and Cd appeared to be a poor inducer of hsPS.

TL;DR: Enzyme-mediated metabolism is a probable cause for the relatively low contribution of such congeners to the PCB pattern in seal blood, which is significantly lower in the seals which had received fish from the Atlantic Ocean.

TL;DR: Variation in MFO enzyme activity between sexes was never greater than 2-fold at any time, and within sex, no greater than 6-fold during the seasonal cycle; measurements of MFO activity in this species might therefore be used to indicate environmental contamination.

TL;DR: In this article, residues of five species of fish-eating sea birds from British and Irish coastal waters revealed the presence of up to 60 different PCB congeners, accounting for 5% of the total PCBs (2,3′, 4,4,5,6-hexachlorobiphenyl) not usually reported in biological samples.

TL;DR: The study highlights the difficulty of detecting runoff effects at the benthic community level, despite the fact that the Manukau Harbour has a large city within its catchment and compared with other urbanised estuaries has only relatively small point sources of pollution.

TL;DR: In vitro lipid peroxidation was stimulated when mullet were injected with 17mg acetaminophen/1OOg body wt 1 h prior to the assay, and exposure of croaker to Cd in the water and to PCB in the diet, environmentally realistic routes of administration, also resulted in increased in vitro lipidPeroxidation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results obtained during the second cruise, carried out in the western Mediterranean sea in September, 1984, were analyzed, distinguishing volatile compounds and high-molecular-weight-compounds.

TL;DR: Observed mortality and developmental inhibition responses could not be predicted by independent dissimilar nor simple similar action to the free-living marine nematode Monohystera disjuncta.

TL;DR: The consequences of cadmium stress for gamete production are expected to be small, as the average number of gametes released by spawning animals was not significantly changed.