Showing papers in "Neurologic Clinics in 2007"

TL;DR: Risk factors for developing spine pain are multidimensional; physical attributes, socioeconomic status, general medical health and psychologic state, and occupational environmental factors all contribute to the risk for experiencing pain.

TL;DR: Brain tumors seemed to have increased in incidence over the past 30 years, but the rise probably results from use of new neuroimaging techniques, and Treatments have not improved prognosis for rapidly fatal brain tumors.

TL;DR: This article focuses on Alzheimer's disease and the milder degrees of cognitive impairment that may precede the clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer’s disease, such as mild cognitive impairment.

TL;DR: The evidence for the genetic component in AD and the identification of the early-onset familial AD genes and APOE is summarized, the current state of knowledge about additional AD susceptibility loci and alleles is examined, and the future directions for genetic research in AD as a common and complex condition are discussed.

TL;DR: Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) has been proposed as a subtype of vascular cognitive impairment and Hypertension, the leading risk factor for sporadic SIVD, is treatable.

TL;DR: A differential diagnostic approach to RPD is discussed, emphasizing neurodegenerative, toxic and metabolic, infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic, and other conditions to consider.

TL;DR: Clinical neurologists are provided with a summary of recent clinical experience in application of these major advanced MRI techniques to differential diagnosis, grading, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic response of tumors.

TL;DR: Several familial syndromes are associated with an increased incidence of nervous system tumors and the improved understanding of critical molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis has contributed to the emergence of molecularly targeted therapeutics against cancer.

TL;DR: Effective medical management of patients who have primary or metastatic brain tumors results in decreased morbidity and mortality and improved quality of life for affected patients.

TL;DR: Nearly all patients who have high-grade astrocytomas develop tumor recurrence or progression after this multimodality treatment, and two treatment challenges are molecular/genetic heterogeneity of tumors and limited CNS tumor delivery.

TL;DR: Most generalized peripheral polyneuropathies are accompanied by clinical or subclinical autonomic dysfunction, but there is a group of peripheral neuropathies in which the small or unmyelinated fibers are selectively targeted.

TL;DR: Neuroimaging of the lumbosacral spine with MRI and electrodiagnostic (electromyographic [EMG]) tests are the most informative diagnostic modalities.

TL;DR: Questions regarding diabetic neuropathies, including causation, risk factors and genetic susceptibility, effective treatments and restoration of nerve functions, and pain management, are highlighted.

TL;DR: It is continued research into the delivery of an efficacious chemobiologic agent that will eventually allows us to manage this primary cause of treatment failure.

TL;DR: High-dose methotrexate-based regimens form the cornerstone of multimodality therapy and have significantly improved response rates and survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma.

TL;DR: Neoplasms of the sellar region include pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, Rathke's cleft cysts, and, less commonly, meningioma, germinomas, and hamartomas.

TL;DR: Differences in the severity of cholinergic depletion and type/distribution of neuropathology contribute to clinical differences in dementia with Lewy bodies.

TL;DR: The second section of this article details the neurologic examination of the spine in patients with neck and back pain.

TL;DR: Without proper education, training, and experience in neuromuscular disease and the techniques of electrodiagnosis and careful attention to potential sources of error, the critical information needed to properly diagnose and treat patients with neuropathy is unreliable and may lead to wasted resources and patient injury.

TL;DR: The usefulness of the electrodiagnostic examination in patients who have suspected cervical and lumbosacral radiculopathy is reviewed and a practical approach for conducting the nerve conduction portion and needle electrode examination in these patients is discussed.

TL;DR: The clinical investigation of a suspected toxic neuropathy is discussed, some of the more common or representative neurotoxicants are reviewed, and the methods for establishing causation are identified.

TL;DR: The evidence for the amyloid hypothesis of AD pathogenesis is examined and how it relates to the neurological and neuropathological features of AD, the known genetic risk factors and causative mutations, and the heightened risk associated with advanced age is discussed.

TL;DR: Non-neurologic causes of neck and back pain include muscle strain, ligament sprain, myofascial pain, fibromyalgia, facet joint pain, internal disc disruption, somatic dysfunction, spinal fracture, vertebral osteomyelitis, and polymyalgia rheumatica.

TL;DR: Observations have led to the current tendency to consider 1p/19q loss low-grade and anaplastic oligodendroglioma a separate biologic entity, at least within clinical trials, since they have a much better outcome.

TL;DR: The epidemiology, reasons why the diagnosis is difficult, differential diagnosis, features of the history, examination, neuropsychologic assessment, radiologic evaluation, and special tests that may help clinicians with management are discussed.

TL;DR: In 1975, clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathologic features defined chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) as a cardinal feature of this disorder and variants have been described and associated systemic disorders identified.

TL;DR: The clinical and neuropathologic features of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 and the nature of the mutations in the progranulin and microtubule-associated protein tau genes are emphasized.

TL;DR: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is a syndromic diagnosis that encompasses at least three different variants that account for FTLD, and imaging modalities are clinically useful in FTLD.

TL;DR: The current understanding of the cell-of-origin of these neoplasms is reviewed, which suggests that the malignant phenotype is propelled by cells with stem-like qualities, which will enable the formulation of more targeted treatment alternatives that could improve survival and quality of life.

TL;DR: In the dose range used when treating central nervous system tumors, the probability of causing serious late toxicity is relatively low and secondary malignancies are rare.