Showing papers in "Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America in 1991"

TL;DR: Voice therapy was effective in 69% of the patients and failure of voice therapy usually correlated with continued tobacco use, noncompliance with therapy, or premature termination of therapy.

TL;DR: Levels of vocal use, types of vocal complaints, and the spectrum of vocal dysfunction are discussed, which account for 40% and organic conditions for 60% of patients presenting with voice disorders.

TL;DR: Several factors suggest a genetic role in OM susceptibility, which needs further exploration, and environmental factors that favor the transmission of upper respiratory pathogens increase the risk of OM, recurrent OM, and chronic OME with effusion.

TL;DR: The focus is on the differentiation of other causes of acute facial palsy from the idiopathic, or Bell's type, which is a diagnosis of exclusion.

TL;DR: This article provides an updated classification of otitis media based on the International Symposia of Otitis Media Task Forces, viewed from the pathogenesis perspective of the authors.

TL;DR: Closed reduction provides satisfactory treatment in the majority of nasal fractures; however, open reduction often is a more appropriate choice.

TL;DR: Congenital bony dehiscences in the facial canal result from incomplete closure during development and are observed in approximately 55% of temporal bones.

TL;DR: Gastroesophageal reflux disease contributes to the development of many otolaryngologic symptoms and conditions, including chronic throat clearing, cough, sore throat, contact ulcer and granuloma, globus pharyngeus, cervical dysphagia, cancer of the larynx, subglottic stenosis, and cricoarytenoid arthritis.

TL;DR: The results of this review reveal that this method of reconstruction is highly successful in restoring various ablative defects with an acceptable morbidity.

TL;DR: This article presents an overview of tympanometric measures using a 226-Hz probe tone, with an additional focus on complex admittance measures at 678 Hz and an introduction to multiple frequency tyMPanometry.

TL;DR: Facial nerve monitoring has added another dimension of safety to otologic and neurotologic surgery and has reduced the incidence of facial weakness or paralysis in the authors' surgical practice.

TL;DR: This article details the investigation of FES of the laryngeal muscles and suggests that in time, FES may become a useful treatment for bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) and for some larynGEal movement disorders.

TL;DR: One experimental surgical technique of bone replacement demonstrates the greatest potential for clinical applicability in the near future: the regrowth of bone by distraction (stretching), although this technique does not represent the ultimate method of mandibular reconstruction.

TL;DR: Care of the professional voice user, particularly the professional singer, requires that the otolaryngologist acquire special training.

TL;DR: Various methods of mandibular reconstruction, with special attention to the most recent advances in vascularized bone and free tissue transfer techniques, are reviewed.

TL;DR: A number of different approaches can be used to expose the facial nerve, and the surgeon should use as many of the available landmarks as feasible to perform safe facial nerve surgery.

TL;DR: Through the combination of craniofacial techniques and oncologic principles, the outlook for patients with skull base tumors is improving, and modern reconstructive methods employing vascularized flaps have helped to reduce postoperative complications and deformity.

TL;DR: This article presents guidelines for the experienced surgeons who wish to address this controversial problem of open reduction of condylar neck fractures with rigid plate and screw fixation.

TL;DR: This article presents a rationale of management of neural injury, emphasizing extracranial and intratemporal trauma and techniques of neurorrhaphy, and presents a list of approved procedures and techniques for treating neural injury.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the disease results from a viral geniculate ganglionitis is verified, and the diagnosis no longer needs to be one of exclusion, permitting the clinician to initiate treatment with corticosteroids and acyclovir confidently.

TL;DR: The sequelae of the blow-out fracture can be predicted from a knowledge of the pathophysiology of the fracture as well as an accurate history and clinical and radiologic examination of the patient.

TL;DR: Although stabilization of the overall status of the patient takes precedence, early and total restoration of facial form and function should be the goal of the maxillofacial surgeon.

TL;DR: The relation of the facial nerve to important adjacent structures is emphasized so that the aural surgeon is better prepared to explore in this intricate area.

TL;DR: The various causes of voice disorders are presented in this article in addition to a discussion of normal laryngeal voice and development.

TL;DR: It has become apparent that both selective and mandatory explorations of neck wounds play important roles in treatment, and diagnostic techniques and their indications in selecting patients with penetrating neck wounds for surgery are presented.

TL;DR: Objective measurement of vocal function, e.g., acoustical analysis, is emerging as a necessity in clinical practice and voice data assist in determining the diagnosis and prognosis of many voice disorder patients and provide documentation of the vocal quality before, during, and after treatment.

TL;DR: : Chronic exposure to high-intensity noise can produce permanent hearing loss, the amount of which depends on noise intensity, temporal and spectral characteristics, and the length of exposure.

TL;DR: The tear drainage system is disrupted in 17% to 21% of nasoethmoidal fractures and, to a lesser degree, other midfacial fractures.

TL;DR: Diagnostic considerations, aspects of a complete neurologic examination, an examination of the basic organization of neural control as it relates to the larynx, and treatment options are provided in this article.

TL;DR: The aim of peripheral nerve repair is to restore motor and sensory function, which requires more than just 10-0 sutures and a good microscope, and advancement in manufacturing techniques, a better understanding of biomaterials, and the use of the laser will replace the time-honored techniques of surgical repair in many clinical settings.