Showing papers in "Philosophical Magazine Series 1 in 1932"
TL;DR: In this paper, an expression for the cohesive force between two unequal spheres in geometrical contact is derived and the surface energy of the solid may be computed from the constant in this expression.
Abstract: Summary An expression is obtained for the cohesive force between two unequal spheres in geometrical contact From the constant in this expression the surface energy of the solid may be computed Results are obtained in agreement with the theory The surface energies of freshly fused surfaces of quartz and sodium pyroborate are 33·8 and 69 ergs per sq cm In the case of borate spheres, however, the cohesion is probably due to a surface film of water
446 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived the following equations: C p designates the polarization capacity, R p the polarization resistance, and ψ the phase angle defined by tan ψ = C p ωR p (ω: angular frequency of alternating current), and V(x)dq represents the value of the counter-electromotive force x seconds after a quantity dq of electricity has passed through the electrolytic cell.
Abstract: Synopsis C p designates the polarization capacity, R p the polarization resistance, and ψ the phase angle defined by tan ψ = C p ωR p (ω: angular frequency of alternating current). V(x)dq represents the value of the counter-electromotive force x seconds after a quantity dq of electricity has passed through the electrolytic cell. The following equations are derived: Thus, when C p varies inversely as the mth power of the frequency the phase angle ψ is constant and its value stated by equation (6). For many electrodes, C p varies inversely as a power of the frequency, at all frequencies, or over an extended frequency range. For such electrodes equation (6) is found to represent the experimental findings with satisfactory accuracy. Relationships derived from the theories of Warburg and Kruger are represented by equation (6) as special cases. Surveying existing experimental data, it is found that equation (6) generally holds quite closely even when m, is not independent of the frequency.
211 citations
TL;DR: The ionic atmosphere, which has been shown by Debye and Huckel, Onsager, and Falkenhagen to be of great importance in the modern electrostatic theory of electrolytes, has been used to develop a sys...
Abstract: The ionic atmosphere, which has been shown by Debye and Huckel, Onsager, and Falkenhagen to be of great importance in the modern electrostatic theory of electrolytes, has been used to develop a sys...
82 citations
TL;DR: An application of piezo-electricity to microscopy is discussed in this paper, where the authors propose a method for using piezoelectric devices in microscopy applications.
Abstract: (1932). XXIII. An application of piezo-electricity to microscopy. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 13, No. 83, pp. 297-300.
74 citations
34 citations
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal conductivity of pyrex glass has been investigated over the temperature range from −180°C to 250°C, and the variation of conductivity may be satisfactorily represented by the relation K=A+b.
Abstract: Summary The thermal conductivity of pyrex glass has been investigated over the temperature range from −180°C. to 250°C. The variation of conductivity may be satisfactorily represented by the relation K=A+b.log10 T., where A and b are constants having the values −0·003523 and 0·002454 respectively. K is expressed in cal. cm.−1 sec.−1 deg.−1, and T is the absolute temperature. The following table indicates how closely this relation satisfies the experimental observations:—
25 citations
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the stabilizing effect of imposed oscillations of high frequency on a dynamical system was investigated and the authors concluded that the oscillations stabilize the dynamical systems.
Abstract: (1932). XXXIX. The stabilizing effect of imposed oscillations of high frequency on a dynamical system. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 13, Supplement, pp. 458-486.
22 citations
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the rate of production of lattice-distortion and preferred orientation during the cold-rolling of certain metals and alloys has been determined by X-ray methods; it was found that the degree of distortion plotted against the percentage reduction of thickness gives a definite type of curve, which is marked by an initial rapid rise of distortion to a constant value which further reduction maintains; this steady value is characteristic of the metal.
Abstract: Summary The rate of production of lattice-distortion and preferred orientation during the cold-rolling of certain metals and alloys has been determined by X-ray methods. It was found : (1) That the degree of distortion plotted against the percentage reduction of thickness gives a definite type of curve, which is marked by an initial rapid rise of distortion to a constant value which further reduction maintains; this steady value is characteristic of the metal. (2) The preferred orientation does not occur gradually from commencement of working ; it appears after about 35 to 50 per cent, reduction, according to the metal, and then grows rapidly. (3) Lattice-distortion, when it occurs, reaches its maximum value before preferred orientation appears; it is shown that the latter cannot play a primary part in the changes of properties produced by cold-working.
TL;DR: In this article, experimental magnetic susceptibilities for a series of sulphur compounds are given for a number of different types of compounds, including sulphur dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
Abstract: Summary Experimental magnetic susceptibilities are given for a series of sulphur compounds.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the properties of capillary jets, concerning the causes which are of primary importance in controlling the relation between the continuous length of the jet (L) and its velocity of efflux (V) from a cylindrical nozzle.
Abstract: Summary Continuing the earlier work of one of us (E. T.) examination is made of the properties of capillary jets, concerning the causes which are of primary importance in controlling the relation between the continuous length of the jet (L) and its velocity of efflux (V) from a cylindrical nozzle.
TL;DR: In this article, an apparatus for the measurement of magnetic susceptibilities at temperatures above and below room temperature is described and the deflexions are kept very small so that a linear relatio...
Abstract: A description is given of an apparatus for the measurement of magnetic susceptibilities at temperatures above and below room temperature. The deflexions are kept very small so that a linear relatio...
TL;DR: In this article, the capacity per cm. of the double layer on mercury has been measured in hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride, over a wide range of concentration and potential, and the results show good agreement with the theoretical equation of Stern.
Abstract: Summary 1. 1. The “capacity per cm.2 at constant potential” of the electrolytic double layer on mercury has been measured in hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride, over a wide range of concentration and potential. 2. 2. The results show good agreement with the theoretical equation of Stern. 3. 3. Stern's equation has been used to calculate various quantities from the experimental data.
TL;DR: In this paper, the magneto-resistance and magnetocaloric effects in iron and heusler alloys were investigated. But they were not discussed in detail, and they focused on magneto properties only.
Abstract: (1932). XVIII. Magneto-resistance and magneto-caloric effects in iron and heusler alloys. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 13, No. 83, pp. 233-248.
TL;DR: In this paper, the partial molal free energies of transfer of a number of electrolytes, which have been compared with values derived from the Born equation, have been calculated using a set of reference electrodes.
Abstract: Summary 1. (1) A study has been made o[ reference electrodes and of liquid junction potentials in ethyl alcohol. 2. (2) The electrode potentials of seven elements and the solubility products of five sparingly soluble salts have been measured. 3. (3) The results have been used to calculate the partial molal free energies of transfer of a number of electrolytes, which have been compared with values derived from the Born equation. 4. (4) The dissociation constant of ethyl alcohol has been determined.
TL;DR: In this paper, the mass absorption coefficients and relative ionizations of a number of gases and vapours have been measured with CuK and FeK radiation, and they have been used to test the relation between atomic absorption and atomic number.
Abstract: Summary The mass absorption coefficients and relative ionizations of a number of gases and vapours have been measured with CuK and FeK radiation. Atomic absorption coefficients have been deduced for eleven elements, and have been used to test the relation between atomic absorption and atomic number and between atomic absorption and wave-length.
TL;DR: In this article, the stresses in a wire wheel with non-radial spokes under loads applied to the rim were investigated and the results showed that the wheel was robust to nonradial sparsification.
Abstract: (1932) XXII The stresses in a wire wheel with non-radial spokes under loads applied to the rim The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol 14, No 90, pp 209-233
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the current in electrodeless discharges by means of frequency variations, and showed that the current can be represented as a linear combination of the frequency of the current and the amplitude of the waveform.
Abstract: (1932). LXXXIX. Measurement of current in electrodeless discharges by means of frequency variations. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 13, No. 87, pp. 953-964.