Showing papers in "Physics Reports in 1999"

TL;DR: A review of particle-theory models of inflation, and their predictions for the primordial density perturbation that is thought to be the origin of structure in the Universe is given in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the inner engine that accelerates the relativistic flow is hidden from direct observations and therefore it is difficult to infer its structure directly from current observations.

TL;DR: Theoretically, these theories allow for a natural suppression of flavour violations in the supersymmetric sector and have very distinctive phenomenological features as discussed by the authors, and the experimental implications of these theories have been discussed.

TL;DR: The Sunyaev-Zel-dovich effect as mentioned in this paper causes a change in the apparent brightness of the cosmic microwave background radiation towards a cluster of galaxies or any other reservoir of hot plasma.

TL;DR: In this article, a covariant hadronic transport approach is proposed to model scalar and vector hadron self-energies in terms of effective "chiral" Lagrangians.

TL;DR: In this paper, simple mathematical models for the turbulent diffusion of a passive scalar field are developed with an emphasis on the symbiotic interaction between rigorous mathematical theory (including exact solutions), physical intuition, and numerical simulations.

TL;DR: In this article, the second law is deduced as the principle of increase of entropy in irreversible adiabatic processes that take one equilibrium state to another, and the entropy is defined only for equilibrium states and no attempt is made to define it otherwise.

TL;DR: In this article, the theory of binary collision Feshbach resonances and its effects on the many-body physics of the condensate is reviewed. But the authors focus on the effect of the number of atoms and molecules in the binary collisions.

TL;DR: The phenomenological constraints on extra neutral gauge bosons at present and at future colliders are reviewed in this paper, where special attention is paid to the influence of radiative corrections, systematic errors, and kinematic cuts on the Z′ constraints.

TL;DR: In this paper, a pedagogical introduction to M-theory and to its maximally supersymmetric toroidal compactifications, in the frameworks of 11D supergravity, type II string theory and M(atrix) theory, is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the application of field measurements of time series methods developed on the basis of the theory of deterministic chaos and discuss the implications for deterministic modeling.

TL;DR: A review of gravitating particle-like and black hole solutions with non-Abelian gauge fields is given in this article, with the emphasis given to the description of the structure of the solutions and the connection with the results of flat space soliton physics.

TL;DR: In this paper, wave transmission properties in one dimensional nonlinear lattices are discussed and the results from the theory of dynamical systems are used to investigate various aspects of wave transmission and wave localization.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize the central results of linear elastic dynamic fracture mechanics, an elegant and powerful description of crack motion from the continuum perspective, and conclude that this theory is unable to make predictions without additional input, information that must come either from experiment, or from other types of theories.

TL;DR: An overview of the theory of X-ray Raman scattering can be found in this article, where the results from radiative and non-radiative scattering experiments conducted with 2nd and 3rd generation synchrotron radiation sources during the last couple of years, dealing with atomic, molecular, solid state and surface adsorbate targets.

TL;DR: A short overview of the available theoretical results is followed by the description of experimental techniques for the line shape and shift measurements as discussed by the authors, and a typical experimental procedure is described to select higher accuracy experimental data for plasma diagnostic purposes.

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed account on Hanbury Brown/Twiss (HBT) particle interferometric methods for relativistic heavy-ion collisions is given, which exploit identical two-particle correlations to gain access to the space-time geometry and dynamics of the final freeze-out stage.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of different experimental situations is presented, including a discussion on suitable indicators which characterize the different regimes, and a view on perspective new phenomena and applications include an extension to atom optics.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review various aspects of classical solutions in string theories, focusing on their supersymmetry properties, their special roles in string dualities and microscopic interpretations of black hole entropy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Coulomb potential was examined in terms of electron-positron production and the Klein paradox was reassessed, and it was shown that a Coulomb barrier in the Dirac equation can produce positron or electron emission spontaneously if the potential is strong enough.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the prediction of J / ψ suppression and the systematics of this signature as a function of the transverse energy of the collision and transverse momentum of the J/ ψ.

TL;DR: In this article, the main features of band termination as a specific high-spin phenomenon inherent to finite many-fermion strongly interacting systems are overviewed, based mainly on the configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky approach.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is assumed that the acceleration and collimation mechanisms of jets are the same in all the classes of astrophysical objects which are observed to produce jets, and it is argued that jets are produced at the center of accretion disks, and are accelerated and collimated hydromagnetically, and the production of powerful jets requires a hot corona or access to an additional energy source associated with the central object.

TL;DR: Conjugated organic polymers can be doped, via oxidation or reduction chemistry or via acid-base chemistry, to induce very high electrical conductivity as mentioned in this paper, and they are beginning to find use.

TL;DR: The pseudospin doublets were discovered about 30 years ago and their origins have remained a mystery until recently as mentioned in this paper, when it was shown that they derive from an SU(2) symmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian which occurs when the scalar and vector potentials are opposite in sign but equal in magnitude.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived a helioseismological limit on the charge and dipole moment for neutrino electromagnetic properties from laboratory experiments and astrophysical arguments with an emphasis on the currently favored range of small neutrinos masses.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the stopping power in regimes where these conditions are not met and report that the energy loss of an ion scales with its charge approximately like Z 1.5, the effective screening length depends on Z and is larger than the Debye length.

TL;DR: A survey of recent progress in experimental studies of photoabsorption, photoionization, and photodissociation of molecules in the wavelength range of photons in the vacuum ultraviolet is given in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, two processes of matter creation after inflation are discussed, which are relevant to the resolution of the puzzle of cosmic rays observed with energies beyond GZK cut-off: 1) gravitational creation of superheavy (quasi)stable particles, and 2) non-thermal phase transitions leading to the formation of topological defects.

TL;DR: In this article, the recent activity on neutrino masses and mixings was reviewed, which was prompted by the confirmation of neutrinos oscillations by the Superkamiokande experiment.