Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 1987"

TL;DR: In humans, as in rats, heightened preferences for sweet observed in the young decline with age, and preferred level of sweet decreased over the intervening years.

TL;DR: The use of the radial arm maze is reviewed briefly as a tool to examine the neural systems that are involved in memory, and the influence of pharmacological compounds on memory.

TL;DR: Although analysis of the fifty-two characteristics was quantitatively useful in determining the physiologic values and airflow patterns generated by sniffing, a single univariate response measure incorporating twelve characteristics was the best descriptor of how sniffing patterns varied with odorant stimuli.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that mouth movements play a role in retronasal odor perception analogous to that played by sniffing in orthonasal perception is suggested, and some disorders of deglutition may have associated chemosensory consequences.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the 24-hour rhythms in the feeding behavior of humans using diary self-reports of spontaneous food intake and found that males eat larger meals than females because of a heightened responsivity to deprivation and not to a smaller response to the satiating properties of food.

TL;DR: Results demonstrate that both hypovolemia and plasma osmolality contribute significantly to fluid intake in hypohydrated humans and indicate that thirst sensations make a substantial contribution to differential fluid intakeIn humans.

TL;DR: The data indicate that the effect of lesions of the amygdala on fear-potentiated startle is not specific to one sensory modality, consistent with the hypotheses that the amygdala is involved in processing multimodal information related to conditioned fear, or is part of an output pathway for motor and autonomic expressions of conditioned fear.

TL;DR: The intake of all three macronutrients was found to have a suppressive effect on subsequent intake through their contributions to the total food energy ingested, and protein, however,was found to suppress subsequent intake independent of its contribution to total calories.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a major component of the rise in body temperature induced by psychological stress in rats is mediated by prostaglandins released by the central nervous system, and may therefore be a fever.

TL;DR: The data suggest that stress-induced changes in glucocorticoids but not in ACTH or prolactin might mediate some of the physiological changes that occur as the result of chronic stress.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that type 2 theta in the unrestrained immobile rat occurs during sensory processing but only when the animal is in a high state of "arousal."

TL;DR: This experiment examined both the short-term and the long-term effects of ovariectomy on brown adipose tissue growth and function in rats to determine if reduced brown adiposes tissue thermogenesis might contribute to the weight gain and adiposity.

TL;DR: The present experiments provide the first evidence that congenic strains of rats, which differ only in the MHC, produce discriminably different urinary chemosignals, and individual PVG.R1 males appeared to have discriminable different odours.

TL;DR: The results indicate that temporally limited daily access to a palatable food can entrain anticipatory wheel-running in rats that are not food-deprived and indicate that entrainment to periodic food availability depends on stimuli associated with the concentrated intake of nutrients rather than on the absolute size or palatability of a meal.

TL;DR: It is concluded that methamphetamine manifests an activity rhythm whose period is in the circadian range and the rhythmicity is independent of the SCN and is not entrained by the light-dark cycle.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the circadian variations in plasma NA and A reflect a common activation of both the neural and adrenomedullary parts of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system, most likely associated with the daily patterning of behavior activities.

TL;DR: The proportion of females who became maternal within 24 hours of the beginning of maternal testing, 10 days after CS, was greater than that among females who received no exposure to pups; those who were allowed only 15 minutes of caring for pups did not.

TL;DR: Repeated testing suggests that lesioned animals are unable to adapt their aggressive behavior on the basis of previous victory experience, and results are discussed in terms of social learning and memory processes in relation to the afferent and efferent connections of the am.

TL;DR: Since it is thought that flank marking communicates dominance status, experiments were designed to look at changes in aggression and flank marking behaviors in pairs of male hamsters with intact flank glands or when one or both members of a pair had their flank glands surgically removed.

TL;DR: It is believed that future efforts to find a clinically useful index of stress will be rewarded by a refocussing of attention away from the visceral respondent to the overt behavioral one, because the behavioral concomitants of stress have not been as intensively studied as the endocrine ones.

TL;DR: The studies reported here attempted to clarify the nature of the change in emotional behavior following vermal lesions in rats by testing the animals in a variety of fear-eliciting situations and expanded the body of data implicating the cerebellum in the modulation of complex motivational behavior.

TL;DR: The present data indicate that chronic stress caused behavioral abnormalities closely related to that expected to take place in some type of depressive disorders, endocrine data are not in good agreement with those occurring in depression.

TL;DR: Differences in general activity between male and female rats may underlie sex differences in some experimental paradigms.

TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity on growth, food intake and adrenal development in chronic treated rats found Adrenal hypertrophy and hyperplasia were found in ACTH treated rats, whereas dexamethasone provoked adrenal atrophy with a decrease in DNA content.

TL;DR: Salivary flow rate increased with increasing levels of each taste stimulus, and total protein and alpha-amylase concentrations of the saliva were influenced by the type but not the concentration of stimulus, with citric acid stimulation resulting in the lowest concentrations and highest specific activity.

TL;DR: Results show that in female rats changes in weight during chronic nicotine administration and withdrawal are accompanied by changes in rates of consumption, and nicotine withdrawal can cause hyperphagia and hyperdipsia even though levels of consumption had previously returned to control levels.

TL;DR: Testing the hypothesis that acute increases in peripheral blood glucose levels would enhance performance on memory tasks in an elderly human population showed that scores were higher after the glucose beverage on narrative memory tests and the total Wechsler Scale.

TL;DR: Hedonic ratings of foods, obtained by laboratory taste-and-spit tests, are often used to determine the optimal concentration of sugar in a commercial food, but the predictive value of these tests on actual consumption has not been demonstrated.

TL;DR: Starch-derived polysaccharides (Polycose) are more palatable to rats than are sugars and are consistent with the hypothesis that rats have separate taste receptors for sugars and for starch-derived Polycose.

TL;DR: It is concluded that some properties of birds' sleep make it unique and are a challenge for further study.