Showing papers in "Preventive Medicine in 2019"

TL;DR: This study is among the first to analyze patterns of association between ACEs and adult health disaggregated by age and finds young adults with high ACE scores are at increased risk of early-onset chronic disease.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between dietary share of ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome among US adults and found a significant linear association between the dietary contribution of UPF and the prevalence of MetS (a 10% increase in contribution was associated with a 4% prevalence increase).

TL;DR: The US continues to be an outlier among high-income countries with respect to firearm deaths, and the firearm death rate increased between 2003 and 2015 and decreased in other high- income countries.

TL;DR: Increasing or stabilized incidence trends for AC and attenuation of earlier declines for SCC in several subpopulations underscore the importance of intensifying efforts to reverse the increasing trends and further reduce the burden of cervical cancer in the U.S.

TL;DR: High-quality studies found racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to initiate but less likely to follow-through with HPV vaccination, a clear finding that self-report studies obscure.

TL;DR: Women's perceptions of health risks associated with cannabis use are important factors in the decision-making process regarding use or cessation, particularly as legal concerns are fading away.

TL;DR: Stories of HPV vaccine harms may be associated more strongly with vaccination behavior than stories of vaccine preventable diseases, and communication campaigns should consider strategies to elevate stories of preventable Diseases in social and traditional media.

TL;DR: The language included in U.S. news media coverage of the opioid epidemic may contribute to and reinforce widespread public stigma toward people with opioid use disorders, which may be a barrier to implementation of evidence-based interventions to prevent opioid overdose deaths.

TL;DR: Targeting smoking and obesity with programs that have shown previous success offers the greatest potential for reducing burden for these 9 chronic diseases.

TL;DR: In conclusion, HPTs can be highly effective in revealing relationships between demand and substance-related correlates and outcomes, with Intensity and Omax exhibiting the greatest sensitivity.

TL;DR: Cumulative maternal ACEs are associated with postpartum mental health and parenting morale, as well as maladaptive coping strategies, which suggests that early intervention strategies and community resources to improve life course outcomes for parents and children are critical for breaking intergenerational continuities of risk.

TL;DR: A systematic review of studies evaluating provider- or system-level interventions to improve CRC screening by FIT between 1 January 1996 and 13 December 2017 found mailed FIT outreach was consistently effective and paired FIT with vaccinations led to median improvement in CRC screening.

TL;DR: The research gap on the SHS exposure burden is shrinking, however, estimates are not yet available for a number of countries, particularly the Middle Eastern and African countries, and not all diseases with the strongest evidence of causation, such as sudden infant death syndrome, have been explored.

TL;DR: An overview of the studies that were instrumental in the choice of HPV assay and triage strategy, the adjustment of screening starting and exit ages and intervals, and the implementation of HPV self-sampling are presented and the cost-effectiveness of the proposed new screening algorithm is reviewed.

TL;DR: Evidence for the effectiveness of raising minimum wages on various measures of public health within the US, Canada, the UK, and Europe is evaluated and a list of "better practices" for future research is presented.

TL;DR: Most studies suggest potential for cardiovascular harm from electronic cigarette use, through mechanisms that increase risk of thrombosis and atherosclerosis, and Notably, studies with conflicts of interest are significantly less likely to identify concerning cardiovascular effects.

TL;DR: There was a strong association between industry-related COI and tobacco- and e-cigarette industry-favourable results, indicating that e-cigarettes are harmless.

TL;DR: The current state of the vaccination controversy in the Italian political discourse is discussed and its potential impact on immunisation policies and measles vaccine coverage amongst the population is discussed.

TL;DR: Although the balance of the emerging evidence to support frailty screening is promising, significant gaps in the evidence base remain and when assessed against Wilson and Jungner's principles, extensive population screening does not appear to be supported by the evidence.

TL;DR: In the current climate of confusion and mistrust of scientific inquiry among some, efforts to engage community members in the scientific process can demystify science and make it more accessible and inclusive.

TL;DR: It is found that meeting more movement behavior recommendations is generally associated with better dietary patterns in children from around the world, with limiting screen time habits showing the strongest relationships.

TL;DR: SSB health warnings may have more impact if they describe health effects, use the marker "WARNING," and are octagon-shaped, which holds for the secondary outcomes, fear and thinking about harms.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that taste- focused labeling is a low-cost strategy that increased healthy food selection by 38% and outperforms health-focused labeling on multiple smart food policy mechanisms.

TL;DR: TA appears to be an effective treatment for CIN2+ across a variety of settings, including in LMICs, and there was significant heterogeneity between studies.

TL;DR: Investigation of how the prevalence of TSE varied from 1999 to 2014 among U.S. children and associations between sociodemographic characteristics and TSE by two-year increases concluded that targeted tobacco control efforts are needed to reduce existing TSE disparities among children.

TL;DR: A number of community pharmacy initiatives with positive intervention effects on health outcomes were predominantly focused on primary disease prevention, and included smoking cessation, weight management programmes, syringe exchange programmes, and inoculation services.

TL;DR: The negative association between vigorous physical activity and negative affect was more pronounced in females than in males, highlighting the importance of adolescents engaging in vigorousPhysical activity to improve positive affect and reduce negative affect.

TL;DR: Among a large sample of U.S. adults, compared to other guideline adherence categories, meeting both MVPA-MSE guidelines was associated with the lowest likelihood of reporting depressive symptoms.

TL;DR: Prevention policies, as well as future research, could target youth susceptible to e-cigarettes to reduce the current trends on the use of these alternative tobacco products.

TL;DR: If current trends in the prevalence of preventable risk factors continue into the future, it is projected that by 2042 approximately 102,000 incident cancer cases are expected to be attributable to these risk factors per year, which would account for roughly one-third of all incident cancers.