Showing papers in "Process Safety and Environmental Protection in 2005"

TL;DR: A case study on fuel ethanol, using agricultural residues and based on a genetically-engineered micro-organism (rec Zymomonas mobilis), is presented as such a process provides an opportunity for reducing fuel ethanol production costs as well as facilitating the infrastructure for other higher value bio-based products.

TL;DR: In this article, modified photocatalysts have been synthesized by coating titanium dioxide, in anatase polymorph, on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (around 20 nm in diameter and 2-4 microns in length), for increasing the disinfection rate of bacterial endospores.

TL;DR: In this article, the explosion pressure data for methane-air, and propene-air and -oxygen mixtures over their entire flammable range at standard and elevated pressure and/or temperature from experiments conducted in a 20-litre explosion vessel.

TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the available explosion prevention and mitigative systems applicable to gas, dust, mist and hybrid (gas-aerosol) explosions is provided in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, an electrocoagulation process for the treatment of concentrated oil dispersions, used for machining and drilling operations, is described, in a discontinuous set-up provided with a flow cell with recirculation of the liquid medium.

TL;DR: DESC as discussed by the authors is a new CFD-code that is being developed for simulating dust explosions in complex geometries, such as a vented silo and a system involving two interconnected vessels.

TL;DR: A software system (PHASuite) for automated HAZOP analysis has been developed that can greatly increase the efficiency of the HAZop analysis, support best analysis practices, and provide foundation for reuse of the safety knowledge generated from the analysis.

TL;DR: The Probability Bow-tie diagram is a constructive risk management tool, providing a pictorial representation of the relationship between hazards, initiating events, controls and consequences as discussed by the authors, which can be applied to more complicated systems usually found in the process industries.

TL;DR: Some examples of how process intensification has, or might have, improved safety are given and some of the issues that need to be considered are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the emulsification of Ekofisk crude oil using five biosurfactants (rhamnolipid, tannin, saponin, lecithin and aescin), and a synthetic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate).

TL;DR: In this article, the possibility of simulating the dispersion of heavy gas clouds over a large topographically complex area (tens of km) by a general purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art in recycling fibres is presented for textiles, carpets, composites and endof-life vehicles, and an adequate application for the recycled fibre materials is evaluated in this study.

TL;DR: In this article, a double-mesh numerical scheme is proposed and implemented to simulate the detailed combustion processes for a biomass fuel with sizes ranging from 5 mm to 50 mm, and a bed packed with particles over 35 mm can develop a temperature gradient over 400°C inside the particles at the flame front, and significant overlapping of moisture evaporation, devolatilization and char burn-out is observed in the bed-height direction.

TL;DR: In this article, the benefits of bioaugmentation were clearly demonstrated and it was found that when no nutrients are added to the soil, bacteria tend to metabolize hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water rather than assimilate carbon in cell growth.

TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-parameter analysis of a model system with exothermic reaction (hydrolysis of propylene oxide to mono-propylene glycol with consecutive reactions producing higher glycols) in two CSTRs in series with jacket cooling was used.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the usefulness of behaviour modification approaches, particularly in managing major accident hazards, and provide guidance for companies that may be considering embarking on such a programme.

TL;DR: A knowledge engineering framework has been proposed and discussed and an industrial pharmaceutical process is presented as a case study to illustrate the applicability and procedure of using PHASuite for automated HAZOP analysis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an assessment of the status of loss prevention in the Indian process industry, especially post-Bhopal, and present an overview of the considerable expertise in loss prevention available in India and how this expertise is underutilized.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the volume fraction of oxygen on the self-ignition temperature of the bulk materials was investigated and a numerical model was established which allows to compute the process of heating and selfignition in bulk deposits.

TL;DR: In this article, a new approach for the rapid assessment and relative ranking of the hazards of chemical substances and materials, as well as units and installations, is presented. This approach is based on employing a multi-criteria decision-making technique (the Analytic Hierarchy Process) for the hazard assessment of substances and installations.

TL;DR: In this paper, an approach to safety climate assessment that has been developed to enable cost-effective assessment of an organization is described, and the tool that is described has also been used to track changes in safety climate, allowing improvement plans to be updated and refocused to maximize the effective use of resources.

TL;DR: In this article, an asymptotic design of a photocatalytic reactor is proposed based on the use of a suspension of relatively large titanium dioxide catalyst particles (ca. 10 to 100 μm) which can be separated from treated waste water using a hydrocyclone.

TL;DR: Renewable energies are characterized by a diversity of resources and technologies for power ranging from a few Watts to hundreds of Megawatts as discussed by the authors, and their characteristic technologies, their potential and their present/future cost structures are described in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the local distribution of dissipation rates around the impeller is discussed and compared with the global power dissipated in the jar, and the characteristics of turbulence are analyzed and discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, various chemical wet oxidation techniques to remove toxic non-biodegradable pollutants from wastewater were compared in a Trickle Bed Reactor and a tubular coil reactor at 25-550°C and 10-150 bar.

TL;DR: The inherent safety (IS) philosophy and its practice in inherently safer design (ISD) are described in this paper, where the aim is to avoid or minimize hazards by substitution of benign materials, moderation of conditions and simplification of operations in process plants.

TL;DR: In this article, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are developed to examine the behavior of moisture-laden buoyant plumes emitted from Alumina refinery calciner stacks.

TL;DR: In this paper, several chloride salts, including ammonium chloride, barium and calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride, were added into ammonium nitrate at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 1.5, 1 and 2%, respectively.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the potential contribution of selective molecular transport both through the membrane and through any associated static gas layer in the Sulphur-Iodine thermochemical water splitting cycle based on the Bunsen reaction.

TL;DR: In this article, a model for the fuel cloud expansion in the case of total loss of containment (vessel bursts) is presented and applied to the analysis of boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions.