Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 2014"

TL;DR: It is argued that increasing recognition of the ways in which social and economic forces produce symptoms or methylate genes then needs to be better coupled with medical models for structural change.

TL;DR: Challenges to incorporation of intersectionality into population health research are identified or expanded upon and have the potential to improve researchers' ability to more specifically document inequalities at varying intersectional positions.

TL;DR: It is suggested that hesitant attitudes to vaccination are prevalent and may be increasing since the influenza pandemic of 2009, and that rebuilding this trust is a multi-stakeholder problem requiring a co-ordinated strategy.

TL;DR: This article draws upon a major social science theoretical approach-systemic racism theory-to assess decades of empirical research on racial dimensions of U.S. health care and public health institutions and concludes that institutionalized white socioeconomic resources, discrimination, and racialized framing from centuries of slavery, segregation, and contemporary white oppression severely limit and restrict access of many Americans of color.

TL;DR: This study analyzes over 1400 publications from a wide range of disciplines over a 20-year time period and synthesizes formerly dispersed research perspectives into a comprehensive multi-dimensional framework of public-private partnerships.

TL;DR: Overall, the vast majority of studies found some positive associations between women's empowerment and lower fertility, longer birth intervals, and lower rates of unintended pregnancy, but there was some variation in results.

TL;DR: Analysis of specific causes of death revealed that suicide, homicide/violence, and cardiovascular diseases were substantially elevated among sexual minorities in high-prejudice communities and highlighted the importance of examining structural forms of stigma and prejudice as social determinants of health and longevity among minority populations.

TL;DR: Recent research has begun to generate a tantalizing set of findings concerning the role of structural stigma in the production of negative outcomes for members of stigmatized groups, including individuals with mental illness and individuals infected with HIV/ AIDS.

TL;DR: It is argued that historical trauma functions as a public narrative for particular groups or communities that connects present-day experiences and circumstances to the trauma so as to influence health.

TL;DR: It is suggested that interventions at any level have the potential to affect other levels of an ecological system through a process of mutually reinforcing reciprocal processes.

TL;DR: Examining the postponement of primary curative care among this marginalized group of people by drawing from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey suggests that experience, identity, state of transition, and disclosure of transgender or gender nonconforming status are associated with postponement due to discrimination.

TL;DR: It is found that depressive symptoms are significantly associated with own education and per capita expenditure, and the associations are robust to the inclusion of highly disaggregated community fixed effects and to the addition of several other risk factors.

TL;DR: It is found that task-sharing mental health services is perceived to be acceptable and feasible in these LMICs as long as key conditions are met: increased numbers of human resources and better access to medications; ongoing structured supportive supervision at the community and primary care-levels.

TL;DR: There is a substantial opportunity to further develop these measures to create a series of robust and evidence-based liveability indices, which could be linked with existing health and wellbeing data to better inform urban planning policies within Australia and beyond.

TL;DR: Results indicated that Blacks living in states with high levels of structural racism were generally more likely to report past-year myocardial infarction than Blacksliving in low-structural racism states, and raised the provocative possibility that structural racism may not only harm the targets of stigma but also benefit those who wield the power to enact stigma and discrimination.

TL;DR: This review identifies at least four mechanisms by which a pervasive environment of fat stigma could reinforce high body weights or promote weight gain, ultimately driving population-level obesity.

TL;DR: The findings illustrate how intersecting social and structural factors led to inadequate pain and withdrawal management, which led to continued drug use in hospital settings, which increased the likelihood of discharge against medical advice.

TL;DR: The research suggests that older people perceive healthy ageing as an active achievement, created through individual, personal effort and supported through social ties despite the health, financial and social decline associated with growing older.

TL;DR: This work presents case studies drawn from ethnographic data involving daily participant-observation between 2005 and 2012 in public clinics and impoverished neighborhoods in New York City, to describe the subjective experience of structural stigma imposed by the increasing medicalization of public support for the poor through a diagnosis of permanent mental disability.

TL;DR: Tests of the healthy migrant effect and the salmon bias hypothesis using data from a national longitudinal survey conducted between 2003 and 2007 in China provide support for both hypotheses, finding that healthier individuals are more likely to migrate and to move further away from home.

TL;DR: A strong positive association between unemployment rates and total suicide rates over time within states is found and the following may be important components of effective prevention strategies: specifically targeting employers and workplaces as important stakeholders in the prevention of suicide, disseminating information about health risks tied to un/employment, and linking the unemployed to mental health resources.

TL;DR: The fact that group engagement optimized health outcomes, and that this was especially the case with increasing age, has important implications for directing community resources to keep older adults mentally active and independent for longer.

TL;DR: Results indicated that structural stigma interacted with rejection sensitivity to predict tobacco and alcohol use, and that this relationship depended on the developmental timing of exposure to structural stigma, while rejection sensitivity did not mediate the relationship between structural stigma and substance use.

TL;DR: Analysis of the General Household Survey for 2006 examined the relationship between income, subjective financial well-being and health in mid-life and later life in Britain and found that those with lower incomes and greater subjective financial difficulties had higher risk of reporting 'less than good' health.

TL;DR: The review demonstrated that the citizens' jury model has been extensively adapted, and demonstrated that special attention should be paid to recruitment, independent oversight, jury duration and moderation.

TL;DR: Examination of marital status, living arrangement and social isolation in relation to scores for variety of fruit and vegetable intake as a marker of diet quality associated with adverse health outcomes found that being single or widowed was associated with a lower variety score, particularly vegetable variety, and associations were enhanced when combined with male gender, living alone or infrequent friend contact.

TL;DR: Associations of microscale attributes with multiple physical activity (PA) measures across four age groups are examined, providing strong evidence that microscale environment attributes are related to PA across the lifespan.

TL;DR: It is concluded that understanding the habitus of the hospital and the logics underpinning practice is a critical step toward developing governance practices that can respond to clinically 'sub-optimal' antibiotic use.

TL;DR: Sibling comparisons are employed in conjunction with 25 years of panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to approximate a natural experiment and more accurately estimate what a particular child's outcome would be if he/she had been differently fed during infancy.

TL;DR: There is a clear need for research to better understand and evidence causal mechanisms and to explore the impact of social enterprise activity, and wider civil society actors, upon a range of intermediate and long-term public health outcomes.