Showing papers in "Society in 2019"
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of the Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh and find that during an important period of Aceh's history, the ULAMA constantly become guardians that provide a religious ethical foundation for each socio-political change in the society, and subsequently they also act as the successor to the religious style that developed in the community.
Abstract: In the context of Aceh, the word “Ulama" refers to an Islamic scholar who own boarding school (In Aceh language known as Dayah) or a leader of an Islamic boarding school (known as Teungku Dayah). Ulama become "the backbone" of any social problem and play strategic and influential roles in Acehnese society. However, The Ulama roles have changed in the post-conflict era in Aceh. The assumption that Ulama are unable running their authorities in Acehnese society especially in the post-conflict era. Ideally, their roles are needed in the reconciliation regarding the agents of reconciliation who have authority like the Ulama and are trustworthy by Acehnese society. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh. To investigate the problem, a descriptive qualitative method was used, where the method is to describe the nature of a temporary situation that occurs when the research is carried out in detail, and then the causes of the symptoms were examined. The data were literature studies, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews. The results of this research showed that during an important period of Aceh's history, the Ulama constantly become guardians that provide a religious ethical foundation for each socio-political change in Aceh, and subsequently they also act as the successor to the religious style that developed in the society. Even the formation and development of the socio-political and cultural system occurred partly on the contribution of the Ulama. The position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh can be found in four ways. Firstly, knowledge transmission. Secondly, as a legal decision-maker which refers to Sharia law, especially related to the reconciliation process. Thirdly, as a mediator. Fourthly, cultural roles in the form of ritual or ceremonial guides that are carried out when the parties of the conflict have met an agreement to reconcile.
12 citations
TL;DR: The authors traces the origin of the notion of decentralizing socio-economic forms of coordination through technological means, from the do-it-yourself scene of the 1960s, the early computer counterculture, and debates on cyberspace and Web 2.0 to present day ideas of decentralized and distributed forms of production and economic systems.
Abstract: Internet and Digitalization have long been associated with the promise of a technology-enabled decentralization of social conditions. Although such expectations have regularly fallen short, this underlying generic vision has proven to be astonishingly stable. This article traces the origin of the notion of decentralizing socio-economic forms of coordination through technological means—from the do-it-yourself scene of the 1960s, the early computer counterculture, and debates on cyberspace and Web 2.0 to present day ideas of decentralized and distributed forms of production and economic systems.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors distinguish illegalities from inequities in admissions decisions that elite college admissions offices make about student applications, and distinguish between unfairness and illegalities in admission decisions.
Abstract: Allegations of bribery and corruption in admission to prestigious American colleges brought academics and athletics into the public forum in March 2019. This paper distinguishes illegalities from inequities in the decisions that elite college admissions offices make about student applications. Typically special admission allowances tend to favor outstanding athletes whose academic record may be marginal. The incidents in Varsity Blues indicated a different imbalance: namely, that athletic admission slots, especially in so-called “country club” sports tended to give an admissions edge to applicants who did not show great athletic achievement or potential. These episodes put into bold relief new examples of advantage and privilege in going to college as part of American society.
10 citations
TL;DR: The authors argues that anti-racists have forgotten all about it, and seem to believe that right-wing populism will vanish if only it is told off, thus contributing to the rise of contemporary populism in the West.
Abstract: In this piece, Goran Adamson argues that the anti-racist rhetoric is naive and dangerously counter-productive. In theory, they refer to populist parties fueling on the anti-racist elite’s outcries. In practise, however, the anti-racists have forgotten all about it, and seem to believe that right-wing populism will vanish if only it is told off. Shocked, anti-racists say populist parties gain voters despite having certain views. But nobody votes on a party despite its view. True to leftist sensationalism, anti-racists always talk about fascism within right-wing populist parties, thereby overlooking a wide array of other causes for voter appeal. Prone to instant aggression, anti-racists react with fury to any populist provocation, thereby contributing to the meteoric rise of contemporary populism in the West. Instead of conducting a proper analysis, anti-racists say how can people vote on these parties and so on - much like an anti-racist bourgeoisie. Anti-racists, Goran Adamson claims, seem to think knowledge of right-wing populism is compromising, as if you would be tainted by it. In fact, it is the other way around. Criticism requires knowledge - and an ignorant anti-racist might, in the long run, have no power to resist the allure of right-wing populism. People vote on right-wing populist parties, anti-racists maintain, because these people fail to understand. But they claim they do, even though they have reached other conclusions. The responsibility of the financial and political classes for provoking popular reactions is minimized, while the distress among ordinary people is belittled or moralized. The political class ignores a central leftist principle: social behavior has often political/economic explanations. As a direct result of multiculturalism, the pet theory among anti-racists, society’s underprivileged groups - domestic workers and migrants - are in constant conflict instead of uniting against globalization and neoliberal deregulation. This is called divide and rule. In their quest for ideological purity, any anti-EU sentiment, anti-racists claim, is right-wing extreme, hence driving scores of voters into the arms of right-wing populism. These parties are further boosted by the fact that anti-racists sneer at family values and cultural traditionalism. Vocal victims of EU’s austerity measures are dismissed as right-wingers, further fueling political polarization. Popular and populist, anti-racists maintain, is basically the same thing. As a result, democracy becomes politically tainted, and the anti-racist elites are the only safe-guard against unaccountable elites. Right-wing populists never cease to talk about our roots, while multiculturalists never stop talking about roots overseas. Save for that geographic detail, they are two branches of the politicalromantic tree. Right-wing populist parties prosper, but not despite anti-racist efforts, Goran Adamson argues, but as a result of them.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a variabel modal manusia dari petani lada ying memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan pembangunan agribisnis lada di era kreatif ini.
Abstract: Kewirausahaan merupakan salah satu variabel modal manusia dari petani lada yang memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan pembangunan agribisnis lada di era kreatif ini. Kewirausahaan dibutuhkan petani lada guna menghadapi tantangan perubahan iklim bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik kewirausahaan petani Lada Putih Muntok dan untuk menganalisa pengaruh karakteristik kewirausahaan terhadap perilaku kewirausahaan petani lada dalam mengelola usaha tani. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei, melibatkan 115 orang petani. Analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan Partial Least Squares (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik kewirausahaan petani lada adalah berani mengambil risiko, tanggap pada peluang, inovatif, dan memiliki motivasi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik kewirausahaan petani lada secara positif dan signifikan mempengaruhi perilaku kewirausahaan petani. Selanjutnya, variabel yang paling dominan merefleksikan karakteristik kewirausahaan petani lada adalah keberanian mengambil risiko. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada petani lada agar selalu memiliki keberanian dalam mengambil risiko, sikap gigih dan kedisiplinan. Selain itu, pengetahuan dan keterampilan perlu terus dimutakhirkan agar tumbuh suatu kemampuan berinovasi dan berkreasi dalam menjalankan aktivitas budidaya lada.
9 citations
TL;DR: The role of foreign and domestic interest groups involved in pushing for demonetization is explored in this paper, showing that the lasting impact of demonetisation is an increased interest in digital payments.
Abstract: The paper looks at the recent demonetization exercise that the government of India imposed on its people. The demonetization exercise was marketed from a Public Interest perspective as a way to eliminate corruption, increase the tax base and to fight terrorism. However, the Public Choice perspective brings out the political self-interest involved in the demonetization exercise. The role of foreign and domestic interest groups involved in pushing for demonetization is explored. Insights from Austrian Economics shows why top down planning fails and results in more controls. Insights from Public Policy shows that the lasting impact of demonetization is an increased interest in digital payments.
8 citations
TL;DR: This work contributes to the sociology of health and illness literature and to interpretivist sociological theorizing by examining empathy within the context of heath care meant to relieve pain and discomfort, often at the end of life, rather than curative medicine.
Abstract: This article elaborates the ascent of what we call the empathy as care model in contemporary medicine. We make the following arguments: First, does empathy mean care? We examine this question in the context of medicine. We argue that empathy may not mean care throughout all medical practice, as findings from the medical education field show. However, empathy as care is rising in one specialty, palliative and hospice medicine. This specialty best represents the ideal-typical traits of the empathy as care model. This work contributes to the sociology of health and illness literature and to interpretivist sociological theorizing by examining empathy within the context of heath care meant to relieve pain and discomfort, often at the end of life, rather than curative medicine.
8 citations
TL;DR: The authors identifies sources of self-censorship within the academy, namely the values of intellectual abrasion and civility that are associated with the liberal intellectual tradition, and argues that the resulting phenomenon of selfcensorship has both positive and negative effects on the quality of public and academic discourse.
Abstract: Self-censorship is a well-documented phenomenon within the academy. Building from the works of Tocqueville, Mill, and Smith, this paper identifies sources of self-censorship within the academy, namely the values of intellectual abrasion and civility, that are associated with the liberal intellectual tradition. The resulting phenomenon of self-censorship, I argue, has both positive and negative effects on the quality of public and academic discourse. Given the dual nature of self-censorship, scholars seeking to make the morally upright choice of whether to self-censor or to speak up face both an epistemological and a moral challenge. I argue that in discussions of the “impartial spectator” and the virtue of self-command, Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments anticipates these challenges and lends guidance to the scholar who is sincerely committed to doing what is right when navigating associational life within the academy.
8 citations
TL;DR: A broad review of the rapidly growing research on open science and identifies the gaps in the current knowledge for future research is provided in this article, where the most salient topics, including science communication, public engagement with science, public cognition of science, and challenges and potential unintended consequences connected to interactions with the public are examined.
Abstract: Nowadays, the prevailing trend in the science-society relationship is to engage with the broader public, which is beneficial for the public, scientific institutes, scientific findings, and the legitimacy of science as a whole. This article provides a broad review of the rapidly growing research on Open Science and identifies the gaps in the current knowledge for future research. The review focuses on the science-society relationship, such that knowledge from this field is summarised and systematised. Insight into the most salient topics, including science communication, public engagement with science, public cognition of science, and challenges and potential unintended consequences connected to interactions with the public are examined. The first section of the paper focuses on science communication which involves efforts and approaches to inform the public about science by the most effective means. The section on public engagement reviews how scientists and scientific institutions are increasingly involved in direct interactions with the public and different groups of stakeholders to make science more open. The section focusing on public cognition of science provides information about public knowledge, perception, and trust regarding science, which both determines and is formed by public engagement. Last, risks, ethical issues, and data issues connected to the implementation of Open Science principles are reviewed, as there are many unintended consequences of Open Science which are examined by this current research. In conclusion, research covering the science-society relationship is rapidly growing. However, it brings multiple challenges as well as opportunities which are captured and discussed in a variety of existing studies. This article provides a coherent overview of this field in order to bring more comprehensible knowledge to scientists, scientific institutions, and outreach professionals.
8 citations
TL;DR: The current crisis in South Korea-Japan relations partly originates from a South Korean state that is neither fully authoritarian nor liberal as mentioned in this paper. In the past, right-wing, authoritarian regimes in Seoul fomented populistnationalist contempt against Japan and North Korea, with biased and censored public discourse, but ignored public sentiments when negotiating with the target states.
Abstract: The current crisis in South Korea-Japan relations partly originates from a South Korean state that is neither fully authoritarian nor liberal. In the past, right-wing, authoritarian regimes in Seoul fomented populist-nationalist contempt against Japan and North Korea, with biased and censored public discourse, but ignored public sentiments when negotiating with the target states. Since the democratic transition in the 1990s, South Korean governments no longer ignore public sentiments. Left-wing leaders and groups have pluralized public discourse about North Korea, exposing citizens to various views and information, and generated public support for Seoul to pursue rapprochement; but, no comparable groups generate counter-narratives about Japan. Instead, left-wing groups have accelerated negative portrayals and coopted state officials to censor dissenting views. Korean censorship follows illiberal trends in western democracies to ban certain public expressions considered offensive to historically victimized groups. The Korean case demonstrates that, without meaningful opposition and counter-narratives, activists for populist causes link with state power to infringe on the rights of domestic citizens and foreign entities. The remedy is liberalized public discourse that critically discusses complex realities.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between specific political capabilities on social media and determined the impact of social media on a presidential candidate's popularity and voter/citizen loyalty.
Abstract: Several studies have attempted to answer questions related to political popularity and loyalty. However, limited attention was given to examine the degree at which the use of social media drives presidential candidates’ capability to build quality political proposals, innovate, and lead people. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine the relationship between specific political capabilities on social media; and to determine the impact of social media on a presidential candidate’s popularity and voter/citizen loyalty. To accomplish this, the authors examine the ability to "Build" quality proposals, the ability to “Innovate,” and the ability to “Lead” people and the relationship of each one with social media. In addition, the study examines the relationship between “Social Media” and political “Popularity and Citizen Loyalty.” Data was collected from 160 Cypriot citizens, aged 18 or over. Using the resource-based view tool (RBV) together with correlation analysis, the results show that a presidential candidate’s ability to “Lead” and “Innovate” has a statistically significant strong positive impact on social media. In turn, the use of social media has a statistically significant strong positive effect on a presidential candidate’s popularity and citizen loyalty. Finally, the researchers draw conclusions and implications for scholars, presidential candidates, and politicians, and offer recommendations for academic future research.
TL;DR: The authors argue that human rights are as much the problem as they are the solution to the contemporary challenge of constructing civil society, observing that the seemingly inherent long-term social and political consequences of close to half a century of advocating human rights to the exclusion of other components of human good and fulfillment have been at the expense of any sense of shared belonging.
Abstract: We argue here that human rights are as much the problem as they are the solution to the contemporary challenge of constructing civil society, observing that the seemingly inherent long-term social and political consequences of close to half a century of advocating human rights to the exclusion of other components of human good and fulfillment have been at the expense of any sense of shared belonging. Delineating between rights and belonging, we show how the extreme right has latched on to a tangible argument for belonging while the left has responded by continuing to advocate for abstract, universal, and unencumbered human rights to the detriment of its efforts to build civil society.
TL;DR: The authors explored the history and deployment of Islamophobia as an advocacy concept and exposes its limitations as scientific description of social reality, and concluded that Islamophobia is a valuable advocacy concept in the public sphere and scholars should keep it there.
Abstract: This article fully recognises the reality and detrimental impact of anti-Muslim sentiment and consequently that 'Islamophobia' describes an important social reality, especially in contexts where Muslims are a minority. However it is critical of ‘Islamophobia’ as a valid concept in the social science. In the sociology of Islam, it actually distorts research by concentrating on Muslims as invariably victims of social forces. This article is a modest proposal to reconsider differences between science and advocacy concepts, thereby recognising their different and distinctive roles in social movements and academic institutions. It is important that those undertaking any scholarly study of detrimental social behaviour motivated by hatred possess valid theoretical and empirical tools to counter false information or distorted views of minorities. To this extent, Islamophobia is a valuable advocacy concept in the public sphere and scholars should aim to keep it there. However, the article explores the history and deployment of Islamophobia as an advocacy concept and exposes its limitations as scientific description of social reality. There are two contrasted conclusions to this critique. The pessimistic view is that all human societies are constructed around social groups that have exclusionary boundaries. Although boundaries are always changing, the inclusion/exclusion dynamic never wholly disappears. Policy efforts enhance cosmopolitan virtues. The optimistic conclusion is that advocacy concepts and scientific practices, while not entirely compatible, are not systematically opposed. Advocacy may have greater effect when it is grounded in reliable facts and tested assumptions. Defending science and critical debate are important in a political climate of ‘fake news’ feeding off negative stereotypes, hate speech and incivility.
TL;DR: The study analyzes the social contradictions, promises and limitations associated with how the desire to move higher on technological prominence in the realm of artificial intelligence faces the ethical, legal and political barriers of the existing order of things.
Abstract: We are in the interim of the massive expansion of the new and fundamental technology, which is represented by the advanced algorithms of AI. No one knows the real potential of machine learning and AI. Letting the algorithms drive autonomous vehicles (driverless cars) is like running the Boston Marathon. Creating an ethically completely autonomous AI system is like a piloted flight to Alpha Centauri. Nevertheless, we still live in the world of algorithms. Today there are algorithms in every corner of civilization, as quantum fluctuations they are integrally interwoven into the structure of everyday life. They are not just in your mobile phone or laptop. Algorithms plan flights and then fly with planes. Algorithms run factories, the bank is a vast array of algorithms, evaluating our credit score, algorithms collect revenue and keep records, read medical images, diagnose cancer, drive cars, write scientific texts, compose music, conduct symphony orchestras, navigate drones, speak to us and for us, write film scenarios, invent chemical formulations for a new cosmetic cream, order, advise, paint pictures. Climate models decide what is a safe carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere, NSA algorithms decide whether you are a potential terrorist. If every algorithm suddenly stopped working, it would be the end of the world as we know it. How did this new alliance, this interim world come into existence, does it suit us, and how and where will it develop? What AI algorithms have shown and offered to us so far is just a prelude, and even today it turns out that politics, ethics and law do not know what to do with the consequences of these changes. However, when we experience computer control by a mere idea, complex genetic modifications, and DNA enhancement using CRISPR, or perhaps flying cars, we can expect real challenges related to the power of algorithms. Then AI algorithms will really transform everything. The study analyzes the social contradictions, promises and limitations associated with how the desire to move higher on technological prominence in the realm of artificial intelligence faces the ethical, legal and political barriers of the existing order of things.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of social capital in realizing the independence of KPM-PKH in Sukoharjo district, Central Java Province, Indonesia was revealed by using a case study approach.
Abstract: This research aims to reveal 1) The Role of Program Keluarga Harapan or known as PKH (Family of Hope Program) in empowering beneficiary households or known as KPM (Keluarga Penerima Manfaat), 2) The Role of Social Capital in realizing the independence of KPM-PKH in Sukoharjo district, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This research was qualitative by using a case study approach. The determination of informants used a purposive sampling technique. The informants were eight beneficiary households and four key informants they were the Head of Sukoharjo district office of the Ministry of Social Services, coordinator of Sukoharjo district, PKH supervisor, PKH facilitator, and two key informants to support any information. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed into three stages; data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The data were verified by observation and source triangulation and time. The result showed that 1) The Role of PKH in empowering the beneficiary households by providing social assistance, strengthening by the regular meeting of Family Development Session, known as P2K2 (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga), strengthening by PKH cooperative, and joint business group, known as KUBE (Kelompok Usaha Bersama), 2) The Role of social capital to build independence of KPM-PKH by adopting cultural values, trust, reciprocity, participation, communication system, and venture networks of beneficiary households. This is caused by the relevance of social bonding, social bridging and social linking carried out by KPM-PKH. To conclude, livelihoods choice of KPM-PKH by employing social capital becomes strategic and productive opportunities to empower independence among poor households as beneficiary of PKH.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the process of internal conflict resolution between the Government of Indonesia and the separatist movement in Papua (Free Papua Movement (Indonesian: Organisasi Papua Merdeka or OPM)) using a horse-trading mechanism.
Abstract: The study aims to analyze the process of internal conflict resolution between the Government of Indonesia and the separatist movement in Papua (Free Papua Movement (Indonesian: Organisasi Papua Merdeka or OPM)) using a horse-trading mechanism. This study was qualitative method by discussing the Free Papua Movement background and the conflict, then discussing the conflict process of timeline analysis tool to understand the development of its movement based on chronological order, and discussing the conflict resolutions that have been carried out with conflict mapping analysis tool to understand the actors that involved and their objectives. The conflict is the result of complexity among historical backgrounds, ideology, and a sense of injustice in Papua, on the other hand, the international community has increasingly supported Papua. Horse-trading has been used to resolve the conflict of Free Papua Movement and the Government of Indonesia, yet it has not yet reached a new resolution. The horse-trading mechanism effectively resolves the conflict when trust has been achieved between them to communicate both of them where they can deliver their objectives openly.
TL;DR: This essay argues that medical care is itself an inherent manifestation of spirituality and represents enhanced interpersonal relationships between patients and practitioners and leads to an appreciation of the personhood and inherent humanness of patients and their families.
Abstract: This essay responds to Balboni and Balboni’s 2019 book, Hostility to Hospitality: Spirituality and Professional Socialization within Medicine. In contrast to Balboni and Balboni’s argument that spirituality and medicine are oppositional tensions, I argue that medical care is itself an inherent manifestation of spirituality. The concept of “person-centered medicine” represents enhanced interpersonal relationships between patients and practitioners and leads to an appreciation of the personhood and inherent humanness of patients and their families. I explain ‘dialogic ethics of care,’ and claim that the hospital space is a community of dialogue, hospitality, and holiness; of love as a verb.
TL;DR: This article suggests this book as a must-read for anyone who wants to improve the ethos of the modern medical system and critically assess the clinical suggestions made in the book, recommending that chaplains be consulted to improve how the Balbonis' ideas are put into practice in the healthcare system.
Abstract: In this article, I discuss the main ideas, strengths and limitations of Hostility to Hospitality: Spirituality and Professional Socialization with Medicine, a book written by Michael J. Balboni and Tracy Balboni. I identify the key strength of this work as the in-depth, well-researched description of the relationship between medicine and religion/spirituality and its influence on the Western, healthcare system. I discuss the main points made by the authors and suggest this book as a must-read for anyone who wants to improve the ethos of the modern medical system. However, I also advise readers critically assess the clinical suggestions made in the book, recommending that chaplains be consulted to improve how the Balbonis' ideas are put into practice in the healthcare system.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address the issue of sexual assaults committed by college athletes and discuss the larger institutional factors that could explain the higher rates among athletes and how new guidelines and regulations from the Department of Higher Education have changed the way colleges must deal with sexual assault.
Abstract: This article addresses the issue of sexual assaults committed by college athletes. The existing research is not conclusive but does suggest that athletes are more involved in sexual misconduct than non-athletes. The larger institutional factors that could explain the higher rates among athletes are then discussed and how new guidelines and regulations from the Department of Higher Education have changed the way colleges must deal with sexual assault. The final part of the article discusses how colleges should handle cases of sexual assault by athletes. The major theme is that to change public perceptions and lessen assaults, athletic departments and coaches must limit their involvement in these cases to ensure that athletes and non-athletes are treated equally.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Theory of Oligarchy as grounded theory to determine the efforts of Talang Mamak Indigenous People to maintain their existence in the customary forest resources battle with private company and investor.
Abstract: The resources of Customary Forest play an important role for Talang Mamak Indigenous People to survive. The exploitation of the forest by private company and investor has caused a violent conflict. The situation of the indigenous people becomes worsen since local government does not fully protect their rights on the forest.n Even, Local government tends to defend private company and investor in addressing the conflict. Customary forest of Talang Mamak indigenous people is in the oligarchs grip and conflict of interest with their elder. The Indigenous people are in crossroad, to preserve or to release their heritage and right. This study aims to determine the efforts of Talang Mamak Indigenous People to maintain their existence in the customary forest resources battle with private company and investor. This study used qualitative descriptive method. The data collection were documentation analysis and other relevant literature. This study used Theory of Oligarchy (Winters 2011) as grounded theory. The result found that the efforts of the indigenous people to fight for their rights getting weak. Some of them begin to accept compensation from the company and investor, in other word, some of them are willing to release their heritage and right on the forest.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reveal the fatalistic work culture process as a cause of poverty for fishermen and reveal the emergence of a fatalistic attitude in the fishing community is the result of their appreciation of God, Nature, Humans, and Life.
Abstract: This study aims to reveal the fatalistic work culture process as a cause of poverty for fishermen. As part of an urgent cultural aspect, Fatalism has been an inseparable part of their social life. Fatalism is an attitude that has been a stronghold for a long time and becomes a habit. In this case, the most important thing to express is the belief or trust of fishermen related to the coastal environment. This research took place on the southern coast of the Sulawesi Island, in Pandang-Pandang village, Arungkeke District, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The informants were 5 poor fishermen from the Sawi (fishing boat crew) who were interviewed in-depth and conducted observation of the surrounding environment. To strengthen research data, Literature studies, interview and observation results were also conducted. Data analysis used three path techniques including data reduction, categorization, and conclusion drawing. This research shows that; (1) The fatalistic attitude of the fishing community of Pandang-Pandang village manifested in the belief that life has been determined by God while humans only live and accept it, (2) Weak instrumental values of the fishing community in the form of not overly pursuing more values at work. Both of these are fatalistic attitudes. The conclusion of this research is the emergence of a fatalistic attitude in the fishing community is the result of their appreciation of God, Nature, Humans, and Life. This appreciation has been going on for a long time so that it is manifested in the form of an attitude of life than becoming an actor.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modest proposal for instittuions of higher education which regard themselves as engines of opportunity: adopting a system of lottery admissions, which treats equally all applicants who have earned a high school diploma (or its equivalent).
Abstract: Colleges have shown themselves unable or unwilling to maintain the integrity of the admissions process, with abundant concerns about fraudulent applications, “legacy” admissions, and the special treatment of wealthy benefactors. This is particularly troubling at selective colleges, whose diplomas provide a fast pass to professional success and economic well-being. Given that, here is a modest proposal for instittuions of higher education which regard themselves as engines of opportunity: adopting a system of lottery admissions, which treats equally all applicants who have earned a high school diploma (or its equivalent).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a qualitative approach to the social mapping method and found that the social resources of fishermen of Meninting Village are unevenly distributed in five dusun (sub-villages).
Abstract: Many fishermen in Indonesia have not fully utilized marine resources properly. However, the government has several ways to improve the welfare of fishermen in other sectors than the fisheries; one of them is connecting between fishermen, coastal and tourism. Meninting of West Lombok is a strategic coastal village for the tourism sector. This village has started to develop tourist destinations since 2011, unfortunately, there is no data on fishermen as a real interest group. This study develops a research pattern on fishing communities which generally discusses the social resources of fishermen and the political aspects of fishing communities separately. This study used a qualitative approach to the social mapping method. Data obtained through interviews and observations of purposively selected informants. The data related to fishermen resources are in maps, followed by an analysis of their accessibility to policy. Spatial aspects strengthen their social resources, interests, and accessibilities to coastal tourism development. The results show that the social resources of fishermen of Meninting Village are unevenly distributed in five dusun (sub-villages). Indicators shown are; capital ownership, mastery of knowledge and skills, ownership of production equipment, use of science and technology, ability to diversify production, fishermen's sociopolitical relations and ability to recognize the economic prospects of coastal tourism. Fishermen who live in areas directly facing the sea have better social resources and firmer interests in coastal development. The accessibility of fishing groups is limited in the development policy. Only fishermen in sub-village located in a coastal area can show themselves as defenders. While the fishermen who live far from the beach tend to be latent or even apathetic. This study recommends the need for other social mapping studies on the characteristics of coastal communities and the need for the government to use the social mapping information of fishing communities to formulate policies that contain regional aspects in coastal tourism development.
TL;DR: This article explored the integration of Asian immigrants in localities in the South and found that experiences of settling in the south, perspectives on integrating into the local community, and strategies and challenges for moving forward to live in the southern region of the United States.
Abstract: Starting in the 1980s, an influx of immigrants moved away from traditional gateway cities or came into the United States and settled in emerging localities in the southern region of the United States. The rapid immigrant growth and the preeminence of the historic Black-White binary racial composition in the South necessitates the need for discussion on race and immigration. This qualitative study explores the integration of Asian immigrants in localities in the South. Themes found in this study were experiences of settling in the South, perspectives on integrating into the local community, and strategies and challenges for moving forward to live in the South. Findings will contribute to better understanding of the impact of Asian immigrants in the South and their experiences of integration into the local community.
TL;DR: In this article, the fulfillment of the ecotourism principles of tourism natural areas in Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia, and identifying unique things related to the application of these principles were investigated.
Abstract: Bangka Belitung is being transformed into a tourism destination area, relying on nature tourism. But unfortunately, the development of nature tourism does not include the development of ecotourism, even though these two things are interrelated. Nature tourism which is a mainstay of the tourism sector provides a very wide opportunity to strengthen ecotourism as part of the environmental movement in Bangka Belitung. This research aims to find out how the fulfillment of the ecotourism principles of tourism natural areas in Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia, and identifying unique things related to the application of these principles. Through quantitative research methods with a survey approach that is strengthened by field observations, this research found that assessed from 5 interval categories of the ecotourism principles fulfillment, 58% of the tourism areas in Bangka Belitung were included in the category of fulfilled of the ecotourism principles and 42% were in the strongly fulfilled category of the ecotourism principles. The research also found that although the application of each principle was met, there were unique and interesting notes on each principle.
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual frame of complaining enhancing into political claims is proposed, where the essential role in this process of complaining is given to the objects of complaints/addresses, and agents such as media, politicians, institutions such as NGOs, social movements, whistleblowers, activists and leaders.
Abstract: Although complaining is well-recognized by psychologists and economists, its political potential is still far from obvious. Dissatisfaction with social services, non-democratic relationships between authorities and citizens, and the ignoring of significant social identities are communicated in everyday conversations. Even when complaining is perceived as ‘grumbling’, the informal nature of the communicated inconveniences may be more important than the formal participatory instruments through which collective claims are placed. Criticism and communication of grievances can lead to political activism only in particular circumstances. This article provides a conceptual frame of complaining enhancing into political claims. The proposed frame distinguishes between inactive complaining and complaining aimed at making a change, which may be reinforced or reduced. The essential role in this process of complaining is given to the objects of complaints/addresses, and agents such as media, politicians, institutions such as NGOs, social movements, whistleblowers, activists and leaders.