Showing papers in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2022"

TL;DR: A more accurate description of the EBM where the brain is the primary organ responsible for body weight regulation operating primarily below the authors' conscious awareness via complex endocrine, metabolic, and nervous system signals to control food intake in response to environmental influences as well as the body's energy needs is presented.

TL;DR: A recent Perspective article described the "carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM)" of obesity, asserting that it "better reflects knowledge on the biology of weight control" as compared with what was described as the "dominant energy balance model (EBM)" which fails to consider "biological mechanisms that promote weight gain" as discussed by the authors .

TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyzed dietary data collected by 24-h recalls from adult participants (aged >19 y; N = 40,937) in 9 cross-sectional waves of the NHANES (2001-2002 to 2017-2018).

TL;DR: Cocoa extract supplementation did not significantly reduce total cardiovascular events among older adults but reduced CVD death by 27%.

TL;DR: In this article , a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-by-2 factorial trial of cocoa extract and multivitamins for prevention of CVD and cancer among 21,442 US adults (12,666 women aged ≥65 y and 8776 men aged ≥60 y), free of major cardiovascular disease and recently diagnosed cancer.

TL;DR: Existing evidence is sufficient to recommend the avoidance of ultra-processed foods to optimize health and policies to support and make feasible this recommendation.

TL;DR: In this paper , the causal effect of a dietary component on an outcome is estimated using four models: the standard model, the energy partition model, nutritional density model, residual model and residual residual model.

TL;DR: In this paper , a preplanned ancillary study aimed to determine how diets varying widely in carbohydrate and saturated fat affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors during weight-loss maintenance.

TL;DR: The recommendation to prefer unprocessed/minimally processed foods and freshly made meals instead of ultra-processed foods (following the Nova food classification system) is being increasingly adopted in new official dietary guidelines issued by national governments and international health associations as mentioned in this paper .

TL;DR: In this paper , the Youden Index was used to predict neonatal and infant mortality in northwest Bangladesh, where the authors assessed and optimized population cutoffs of birth length, weight, and midupper arm circumference (MUAC), head circumference (HC), and chest circumference (CC) for predicting neonatal (28 d) and infant (365 d) mortality.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the relation between diet quality and epigenetic age acceleration and found that a higher DASH score was associated with lower levels of DunedinPoAm (β = −0.05; SE = 0.02; P < 0.001).

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed a new dietary index to quantify adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and assess its association with mortality in a large, population-based Swedish cohort.

TL;DR: The Nova classification of ultra-processed foods adds little to existing nutrient profiling systems; characterizes several healthy, nutrient-dense foods as unhealthy; and is counterproductive to solve the major global food production challenges.

TL;DR: The WFKD led to a greater decrease in triglycerides, but also had potential untoward risks from elevated LDL cholesterol and lower nutrient intakes from avoiding legumes, fruits, and whole, intact grains, as well as being less sustainable, while the Med-Plus is more sustainable.

TL;DR: Vitamin D3 supplementation did not lower the incidences of major CVD events or invasive cancer among older adults, possibly due to sufficient vitamin D status in most participants at baseline.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the relation between plant-based diet indices and prostate cancer risk, including clinically relevant disease, and provided supportive evidence that greater consumption of healthful plantbased foods is associated with a lower risk of aggressive forms of prostate cancer, with stronger benefit among men aged <65 y.

TL;DR: This article explored the contribution of long-term diet by searching for dietary patterns that would best associate with the gut microbiome in a population-based cohort using a priori and a posteriori approaches.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors search the Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 15 February, 2022 to identify and update meta-analyses examining the associations between TMAO and multiple health outcomes.

TL;DR: Independently from BMI, an android fat deposition pattern is associated with increased prevalence of NAFLD in both sexes, while the effect on fibrosis was only evident in females.

TL;DR: The 22nd annual Harvard Nutrition Obesity Symposium entitled "Global Food Systems and Sustainable Nutrition in the 21st Century" as mentioned in this paper highlighted the importance of food systems to addressing the burden of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases, climate change, and the related economic and social inequities.

TL;DR: The findings do not support the use of a single dose of 200 000 IU of vitamin D3, compared to placebo, for the improvement of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factor in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.

TL;DR: Levels of most cardiometabolic outcomes decreased linearly with the decrease in carbohydrate intake, and a U-shaped effect was seen for body weight, with the greatest reduction at 35%.

TL;DR: Low vitamin D status was associated with neuroimaging outcomes and the risks of dementia and stroke even after extensive covariate adjustment, and MR analyses support a causal effect of vitamin D deficiency on dementia but not on stroke risk.

TL;DR: This work proposes a series of interventions to be undertaken as soon as feasible to help ensure that the conditions that led to this problem do not recur and families regain confidence in the safety and supply reliability of formulas for infants and young children regardless of their medical needs.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that compared to befriending, a MD intervention leads to significant increases in MEDAS score, decreases in BDI-II score and increases in QoL scores, which should inform advice given by clinicians to this specific demographic population.

TL;DR: In this article , a 12-week, parallel-group, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of an MD intervention in the treatment of moderate to severe depression in young males (18-25 y).

TL;DR: TMAO might be a novel biomarker related to human health conditions including all-cause mortality, hypertension, CVD, DM, cancer, and kidney function and further studies are needed to investigate whether circulating TMAO concentrations could be an intervention target for chronic disease.

TL;DR: The Nova classification of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) rests on poorly defined food processes and the presence of food additives from a chemically heterogeneous group, easily leading to misclassification as mentioned in this paper .

TL;DR: In this paper , the associations between long-term dietary protein intake and subsequent subjective cognitive decline (SCD) were investigated, and the pooled multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) were 0.89 (0.84, 0.94) for total protein, and 0.74(0.62, 088) for plant protein.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the validity and reproducibility of 6 commonly used DQS derived from the FFQ, including the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial score, alternative Mediterranean diet score, and 3 plant-based diet indices (overall, healthful, and unhealthful).