Showing papers in "Urologic Clinics of North America in 2008"

TL;DR: The evolution of antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli in community-acquired infection requires continuing re-evaluation of appropriate empiric therapy.

TL;DR: The interrelationships between prostate-associated histologic and clinical conditions and their impact on the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia are described.

TL;DR: The expected "screening effect" of detecting RCC when it is small and localized, with subsequent decreases in disease- specific mortality, has not been observed, and disease-specific mortality is actually rising, especially in African American patients.

TL;DR: A complicated urinary tract infection is that which occurs in a patient with an anatomically abnormal urinary tract or significant medical or surgical comorbidities, and usually needs a prolonged course of antimicrobial therapy.

TL;DR: Although there have been multiple advances in imaging of the scrotum and detection of urinary pathogens, a large portion of cases remain idiopathic.

TL;DR: The impetus for a comprehensive re-evaluation at this time is the potential impact of a real decline in semen quality and subsequent human fertility, and confusion and misinformation about semen quality remain widespread in lay and professional circles.

TL;DR: These RCC nomograms allow more accurate counseling of patients regarding their likely clinical course and facilitate treatment planning and the most commonly used algorithms developed for use before or after nephrectomy and before initiation of systemic therapy are reviewed.

TL;DR: The overzealous use of radical nephrectomy for small renal tumors must now be considered detrimental to the long-term health and safety of the patient with a small renal cortical tumor.

TL;DR: The risks associated with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection as a well-defined treatment for couples with severe male factor infertility are outlined.

TL;DR: Initial active surveillance with delayed treatment for progression for selected patients should be considered, which should result in an overall decrease in treatment burden and cost saving.

TL;DR: The authors' experience with 243 patients who suffered from renal cell carcinoma with extension into the venous system is reviewed with specific reference to the surgical techniques and the long-term outcomes.

TL;DR: The authors review ejaculatory infertility evaluation and treatment and recommend a single treatment plan for men and women with atypical sperm count.

TL;DR: The goal is to discuss the approach to its diagnosis and treatment that has evolved and the pathophysiology, treatments, and outcomes of a varicocele andvaricocele repair has evolved significantly over the past several decades.

TL;DR: This article reviews basic semen tests and new fertility tests that are providing great insights to the rapidly developing understanding of male infertility.

TL;DR: The endoscopic materials, techniques, and outcomes in the treatment of VUR are reviewed in addition to the techniques and outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic ureteroneocystotomy.

TL;DR: An endocrinologic evaluation of patients who have male-factor infertility has clearly evolved and leads to specific diagnoses and treatment strategies in a large population of infertile men.

TL;DR: This article aims to familiarize the reader with the current understanding of identified syndromes, their biology, and approaches to treatment.

TL;DR: Though epidemiologic evidence indicating a reduced risk of prostate cancer for NSAID users supports a chemoprotective benefit, observational assessment and clinical trials of these agents among large cohorts of prostatecancer patients are needed to determine their value in prostate cancer management.

TL;DR: Renal cell cancer is the most common form of cancer of the kidney and accounts for approximately 44,000 cases per year in the United States.

TL;DR: The roles of radiologic imaging, surgical correction, and antibiotic prophylaxis in the setting of pediatric UTIs are reviewed, and current data presenting current data are presented.

TL;DR: This article provides an updated analysis of the varicocele literature published since 1994 and has included a summary of the results from the 1994 article at the end of each section.

TL;DR: Until studies studying the use of antioxidants for the treatment of male infertility remain empiric, patients would be selected based on oxidative stress levels, and improvement in these levels would be correlated to improvement in pregnancy rates.

TL;DR: Once effective systemic agents are developed, both metastasectomy and cytoreductive nephrectomy will play greater roles in consolidating clinical responses.

TL;DR: Some of the current "hot-button" issues of definition and nomenclature that have formed the basis of many international meetings in the last 5 years are explored.

TL;DR: Although empiric endocrine therapy for idiopathic male infertility has been largely replaced by assisted reproductive techniques, both treatment modalities could play a role, perhaps as combination therapy.

TL;DR: The risks and benefits of both types of therapies and the impact of in vitro fertilization-related indirect costs, specifically that driven by multiple gestation pregnancies, is significant.

TL;DR: Using an evidence-based approach, this article reviews how best to approach the diagnosis and treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction.

TL;DR: The optimal surgical approach to renal tumors in various clinical scenarios is discussed, assuming that a proactive approach to treatment is indicated and desired, and that active surveillance is always an additional option to consider in certain subpopulations such as the elderly or infirm.

TL;DR: The current minimally invasive treatment options for upper urinary tract urolithiasis are reviewed and several factors that influence stone-free rates are examined, including Hounsfield units of calculi, obesity, and lower pole factors.

TL;DR: Renal masses can be treated with a laparoscopic or percutaneous approach depending on tumor location, size, and the available technology and experience of the center.