Showing papers in "Waste Management in 2007"

TL;DR: The main findings of this investigation revealed that the three types of waste materials could be reused successfully as partial substitutes for sand or coarse aggregates in concrete mixtures.

TL;DR: Results of comparative adsorption capacity of both carbons indicate that groundnut shell can be used as a low-cost alternative to commercial powdered activated carbon in aqueous solution for dye removal.

TL;DR: This work identifies what other tools are available for investigating issues that cannot be adequately dealt with by traditional LCA models, and discusses whether LCA methodology should be expanded rather than complemented by other tools to increase its scope and applicability.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that plastic bottles shredded into small PET particles may be used successfully as sand-substitution aggregates in cementitious concrete composites, which would appear to offer an attractive low-cost material with consistent properties.

TL;DR: Infrared spectra of freeze-dried leachate from untreated and aerated landfill material prove the effect of the aerobic treatment during 10 weeks in laboratory-scale experiments.

TL;DR: Although high energy consumption and potential chlorinated organics formation may limit its application, electrochemical oxidation is a promising and powerful technology for treatment of landfill leachate.

TL;DR: The results show that the disintegrated ladle slag was made volume stable by water granulation, which consisted of 98% glass, and the leaching test showed that the glass-containing matrix did not prevent leaching of minor elements from the modified slags.

TL;DR: Based on the labour need and the limited access to technology, using dried water hyacinths, as green manure is a feasible alternative in many developing countries.

TL;DR: Ground POFA is an excellent pozzolanic material and can be used as a cement replacement in concrete, and it is recommended that the optimum replacement levels of Portland cement Type I by MP and SP are 20% and 30%, respectively.

TL;DR: Analyzing bioreactor and recirculation landfills in North America indicated that more detailed data collection over longer time periods is needed to draw definitive conclusions regarding the effects of biore Actor and Recirculation operations.

TL;DR: The generated ArcGis maps give efficient information concerning static and dynamic parameters of the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) problem such as the generation rate of MSW in different wards, collection point locations, MSW transport means and their routes, and the number of disposal sites and their attributes.

TL;DR: Methane yield from the thermophilic pilot scale digestion of 17 types of domestically SS-OFMSW originating from seven full-scale sorting systems indicates that sorting and collection systems in the present study do not significantly affect the amount of methane produced per VS treated.

TL;DR: The findings of municipal solid waste compositional surveys undertaken in the United Kingdom are drawn together to suggest that the size and age profile of a household influence the generation of household-collected waste.

TL;DR: A series of batch, slurry anaerobic digestion experiments were performed where the soluble and insoluble fractions, and unwashed MSW were separately digested in a 200l stirred stainless steel vessel and it was found that 7% of the total MSW COD was readily soluble, of which 80% was converted to biogas; 50% ofThe lag phase for the degradation of insoluble fraction of MSW can be overcome by acclimatising the culture with the soluble fraction

TL;DR: This paper analyzes the logic and problems of the partitioning approach to waste treatment processes and waste management systems, and appears that for the avoided burdens approach, the number of 'what-if' assumptions is so large that LCAs on the same topic lead to quite diverging results.

TL;DR: Results of the survey showed that healthcare facilities in Irbid city have less appropriate practices when it comes to the handling, storage, and disposal of wastes generated in comparison to the developed world.

TL;DR: Proposals recommending the application of a comprehensive hospital waste management system are presented that will ensure that any potential risks hospital wastes pose to public health and to the environment are minimized.

TL;DR: It was found that the outcome of the individual LCA studies largely depended on the choices made in some of these assumptions, most specifically the ones concerning energy use and generation, and forestry.

TL;DR: In order to reduce the environmental impact due to land disposal of oil fly ash from power plants and to valorize this waste material, the removal of vanadium was investigated using leaching processes (acidic and alkaline treatments), followed by a second step of metal recovery from leachates involving either solvent extraction or selective precipitation.

TL;DR: The carbonation reaction involving fly ash was found to be optimum at a water/solid ratio of 0.3 under ambient temperature conditions and lead release from carbonated ash, with the exception of one of the fly ashes studied, was reduced by 2-3 orders of magnitude.

TL;DR: Both the proportions assayed allowed composting to develop adequately in the case of the aerobic sludge mixture, yielding suitable composts for agricultural use, and the ratio 1:1 seems more suitable because it is more economical than the 1:3 ratio and has a lower dilution effect on the nutritional components of the composts.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared six different models developed in Europe and America by research organisations, industry associations and governmental institutions and revealed the variations in the results and the differences in the conclusions of an LCA study done with these models.

TL;DR: The most significant result of the project was the development of two decision-support tools: a municipal waste prognostic tool and a waste management system assessment tool, which supports the adequate decision making in the planning of urban waste management systems.

TL;DR: The problem of nitrogen will be discussed in detail according to the separate problem fields based on the authors' experience, as well as on the basis of a review of the relevant literature.

TL;DR: This communication reports the laboratory scale study on the production of cement clinkers from two types of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash samples, which shows that more than 44% of MSW ash with the addition of very small amounts of silica and iron oxide can be used to produce cement clinkingers.

TL;DR: It is important that there is a reduction in the quantity of recoverable materials in residential and commercial waste streams to minimize the problem of MSW disposal.

TL;DR: The main goal of the study was to show decision-makers at the political level the benefits obtainable with the use of LCA, in terms of the identification and quantification of the potential environmental impacts of different waste management strategies.

TL;DR: Composition and quantity per person of municipal solid waste (MSW) have been analyzed in six municipalities in southern Sweden with similar socio-economic conditions but with different collection systems and the large uncertainty associated with waste composition analyses makes it difficult to draw strong conclusions.

TL;DR: Biologically-active landfill cover soils (biocovers) that serve to minimize CH4 emissions by optimizing CH4 oxidation were investigated at a landfill in Florida, USA, and methane oxidation controlled the net flux of CH4 to the atmosphere.

TL;DR: The chemical composition of waste of small electrical and electronic equipment (s-WEEE), a rapidly growing waste stream, was determined for selected metals (Cu, Sb, Hg etc.) and non-metals (Cl, Br, P) and PCBs and transfer coefficients were determined.