Showing papers in "Wirtschaftsinformatik und Angewandte Informatik in 2004"

The effect of supply chain glitches on shareholder wealth

Abstract: This paper estimates the shareholder wealth affects of supply chain glitches that resulted in production or shipment delays. The results are based on a sample of 519 glitches announcements made during 1989–2000. Shareholder wealth affects are estimated by computing the abnormal stock returns (actual returns adjusted for industry and market-wide influences) around the date when information about glitches is publicly announced. Supply chain glitch announcements are associated with an abnormal decrease in shareholder value of 10.28%. Regression analysis is used to identify factors that influence the direction and magnitude of the change in the stock market’s reaction to glitches. We find that larger firms experience a less negative market reaction, and firms with higher growth prospects experience a more negative reaction. There is no difference between the stock market’s reaction to pre-1995 and post-1995 glitches, suggesting that the market has always viewed glitches unfavorably. Capital structure (debt–equity ratio) has little impact on the stock market’s reaction to glitches. We also provide descriptive results on how sources of responsibility and reasons for glitches affect shareholder wealth.

Approaches to the Ex-ante Evaluation of Investments into Information Systems

Abstract: This paper critically reviews approaches for the evaluation of investments in information systems prior to their implementation. First, the ground for the review is prepared by examining characteristics of evaluation, information systems and value. A classification of the numerous evaluation approaches identified in English and German literature is then presented. Examples of each class are reviewed and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Their use in evaluation practice is analyzed through the examination of empirical studies and directions for future research are given.

Integrationstrends bei Business-Intelligence-Systemen: Empirische Untersuchung auf Basis des Business Intelligence Maturity Model

Abstract: ”Business intelligence” (BI) is a term for information systems which support decision makers in providing business analysis on the basis of internal and external data. Until now there exist only few valid results of research about the actual level of usage and maturity of implemented BI-systems. A maturity model with five levels of evolutionary development can be used as a framework for an empirical survey. Aspects like business content, technology and organisational impact are recorded and evaluated. First conclusions about the gap between theoretical concepts and the state of enterprise-wide implementations of BI systems are deduced. These statistical findings lead to a BI benchmarking in specific industrial sectors and general strategic recommendations.

Konstruktion von Referenzmodellierungssprachen Ein Ordnungsrahmen zur Spezifikation von Adaptionsmechanismen für Informationsmodelle

Abstract: Construction of Reference Modeling Languages — A Framework for the Specification of Adaptation Mechanisms for Conceptual Information Models Reference modeling languages differ from each other as they use different model types (such as process or data models) and as they provide different mechanisms that allow an adaptation of the reference model to specific contexts. The developer of the reference modeling language has to decide which adaptation technique he wants to use (e. g. configuration, aggregation, instantiation, specialization or analogy construction) and which of these techniques he wants to integrate into the language specification. In this paper, these adaptation techniques are compared, and reference solutions for the specification of extended reference modeling languages are proposed. The introduced solutions are structured by a methodical framework that assigns modeling examples and meta-models as well as meta-meta-models to the different adaptation techniques. Based on this framework, possible combinations of configurative adaptation mechanisms with aggregative, instantiation based, specialization based and analogy construction based mechanisms are discussed.

Make, buy or share combining resource based view, transaction cost economics and production economies to a sourcing framework

Abstract: In this paper a sourcing decision framework is developed combining the resource based view, transaction cost economics and production economies. The combined theories are used to provide a sequential application of the main arguments of resource based view, transaction cost theory and production cost theory to decide on making, buying or sharing an activity. A further key contribution of this paper is the introduction of share as an alternative to make or buy. Share means the bundling of resources between competitors and reflects the importance of cooperation between competitors as a way of improving the efficiency of production. The developed framework regards IT as a portfolio of activities and can be used to evaluate which IT activities should be produced internally and whether cost savings expected from IT outsourcing may be realizable.

Balanced IT-Decision-Card Ein Instrument für das Investitionscontrolling von IT-Projekten

Abstract: Balanced IT Decision Card — An Instrument for Investment Controlling of IT Projects p]This paper introduces a Balanced IT Decision Card. It aims at overcoming the shortcomings of common decision making processes on large information technology (IT) projects. The investment decision should be based on an evaluation process that takes into account monetary and non-monetary measures. Given this infinite amount of data, decision makers need tools that present the important information in a simple and structured way. Therefore, this working paper makes use of the latest findings of cognition theory. Furthermore, the IT project must be integrated in the overall IT strategy, so that synergies with other IT projects can be realized. Following this argumentation, the Balanced Scorecard approach is adopted to control the investment process of IT projects.

ITIL als Common-Practice-Referenzmodell für das IT-Service-Management — Formale Beurteilung und Implikationen für die Praxis

Abstract: In the course of increasing customer orientation in the IT sector, IT service management becomes more important. Especially the de facto standard ITIL receives attention of IT management at present. Deficits of the ITIL reference model are often ignored, benefits are only assumed and a lot of misunderstandings exist. Uncertainties, unfulfilled expectations and problems during the accomplishment of ITIL projects are the result. In this context the paper deals with a critical analysis of the ITIL reference model. It fulfils a formal evaluation of the model on the basis of established criteria. On the basis of this evaluation implications for IT management are derived. Findings are derived from four case studies as well as an in-depth analysis of the ITIL documentation itself.

Untersuchung der Lebenszykluskosten von IT-Anwendungen

Abstract: IT management focuses on planning and developing new IT solutions. The importance of production (operation, support, maintenance) and further development of existing solutions is often neglected, although these tasks are responsible for the majority of today’s IT costs. The paper introduces a life cycle model for IT application systems and presents the results of a survey of the life cycle costs of 30 IT application systems. Within the survey, the distribution of costs over the application life cycle was recorded and evaluated. The results show the central importance of recurring costs for production and further development. For a production time of 5 years these costs amounted to 79% of all life cycle costs, whereas only 21% of the costs were incurred during the planning and initial development stages.

Financial-Chain-Management: Ein generisches Modell zur Identifikation von Verbesserungspotenzialen

Abstract: Financial processes are often treated as a typical secondary process. As a result, substantial optimization potential remains unexploited. Based on an empirical study, in this paper a generic financial chain is developed and used to identify areas for improvement. Especially the invoicing subprocess offers great potential for integration. 28% of all invoices are incorrect, mostly (83%) due to faulty prices. Thus, an internal integration of the systems used for pricing and invoicing customers can substantially cut down the associated costs of claim management. But integrating the invoicing systems with external partners is also important. German SMEs send 86% of all invoices to customers by mail. In Fortune 1000 enterprises the figure is 67%. Here, overall average costs per invoice are a 15,50 in contrast to a 2,00 for electronic invoices.

Referenzmodellierung im Data-Warehousing — State-of-the-Art und konfigurative Ansätze für die Fachkonzeption

Abstract: Reference models increase the efficiency of data warehouse projects by providing construction patterns. This paper presents an overview of existing applications of reference models for data warehousing which shows that there is only insufficient support of model alternatives during requirements definition. Especially configurable reference models provide an adequate solution for creating project-specific models. Therefore, we suggest an extension of data warehouse modeling techniques by configuration rules. The configuration of reference models is embedded in the data warehouse development process. Furthermore, supplementary operational instructions for reference model designers are outlined.

Organisationsformen in der Referenzmodellierung — Forschungsbedarf und Gestaltungsempfehlungen auf Basis der Transaktionskostentheorie

Abstract: Reference models are built in order to increase the efficiency of information system development. By means of exchanging solutions for typical design problems the reuse of information models can be enhanced. Although there is an affluent number of works on reference modeling, existing reference models are rarely used in practice. One reason can be seen in the existence of various different institutional arrangements for the exchange of models that have not yet been at the focus of research. With this article, we recommend to enlarge the field of research on reference modeling by taking organisation theory into account. By considering Transaction Cost Economics alternative organisational patterns can be identified and examined by means of their „fit“ to a specific environmental situation. The implementation of hybrid organisations seems to be a promising approach for promoting the diffusion of reference models in practice. Therefore we explain how to apply networks as hybrid organisations in reference modelling.

Systeme für das Management digitaler Rechte

Abstract: Media companies and producers of intellectual property are currently threatened with massive information product piracy. Digital Rights Management Systems (DRMS) offer technical copyright protection measures to protect content against digital piracy. The authors give an overview about the status quo of DRMS from a functional, technical and architectural perspective. Apart from purely technological issues, it is also essential to take the economic aspects of DRMS into consideration. The trade-off between content protection and total cost of ownership of a DRMS installation will require the determination of a suitable level of technical copyright protection for a given context.

Internetbasierte Referenzmodellierung — State-of-the-Art und Entwicklungsperspektiven

Abstract: Die Referenzmodellierung lebt von der interpersonellen Abstimmung Das Intenet bietet hierzu vielversprechende technische Moglichkeiten Mit diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, in welchem Ausmas das Internet im gegenwartigen State-of-the-Art der Referenzmodellierung genutzt wird Auf dieser Grundlage konnen Perspektiven zur weiteren Erschliesung des Potenzials einer internetbasierten Referenzmodellierung aufgezeigt werden

Referenzmodellbasierte Einführung von Führungsinformationssystemen Grundlagen, Anforderungen, Methode

Abstract: Due to the fact that still many Executive Information System (EIS) Projects fail, it seems to be worthwhile to improve the likelihood that these efforts finish successfully. Reference models can foster the development of EIS because they provide reference solutions for a specific Domain. This paper presents a method for the Development of EIS based on reference models. The method includes a life cycle model which supports the adaptation of reference models and an extension of multidimensional data models allowing the management of variants and adaptation points. Furthermore, it provides construction patterns for a specific domain. The development of an EIS at Universities is used as a motivating example.

Einsatzpotenziale von XML in Business-Intelligence-Systemen

Abstract: This article describes the actual applications of XML in the context of Business- Intelligence-Systems (BI). The potentials and synergies of XML and BI will be emphasized. ▪ XML applications can be found within all levels of BI-systems. ▪ The application of core-standards will be introduced as well as the possibilities of BI specific-standards. ▪ The discussion of the impact of XML for BI-systems follows along the dimensions: externalisation, integration, standardisation and rationalization.

Scheduling-Framework für Jobs auf parallelen Maschinen in komplexen Produktionssystemen

Abstract: The paper describes a framework for parallel machine scheduling in complex manufacturing systems. Complex manufacturing systems are characterized by groups of parallel machines, machine dedications, sequence dependent setup times, batch processes, prescribed due dates of the jobs, and a diverse and over time changing product mix. In the present paper, a four-phase algorithm is suggested that covers a broad range of process conditions. The frameworks contains a first phase that deals with the formation of scheduling entities. The second phase is used to assign the scheduling entities to the parallel machines. The sequence of the scheduling entities is determined in the third phase on each single machine. The schedules are improved by the final, optional fourth phase. The paper describes software development issues, the integration of the framework into other information systems on the shopfloor, and the performance assessment of a case study.

Individualisierte Finanzdienstleistungsberatung für Privatkunden — Konzept und prototypische Umsetzung

Abstract: The article describes and discusses requirements as well as the business concept to generate financially optimized and individualized advisory suggestions for private customers in the financial industry. On this basis we presently design business and technical components of an advisory system. Within the research cooperation for situation, individualization and personalization (FORSIP) the system is prototypically implemented in the context of retirement planning. In addition we discuss possibilities for a customer-friendly visualization of investment risk and their technically implementation within the prototype.

Die Wirtschaftsinformatik aus der Sicht ihres Hauptpublikationsorgans: Eine szientometrische Analyse der Zeitschrift Wirtschaftsinformatik/Angewandte Informatik

Abstract: This paper presents a scientometric analysis of the journal WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK / Angewandte Informatik. For this purpose, a total of 23 volumes of the journal were analysed manually. The analysis focuses on the level of the journal, the articles and the authors, as well as the institutions of the authors and the references.

E-MEMO: Referenzmodelle zur ökonomischen Realisierung leistungsfähiger Infrastrukturen für Electronic Commerce

Abstract: For many companies, the development of a competitive E-Commerce strategy and even more so its implementation is a huge challenge. This paper presents a method that is aimed at reducing substantially cost and risk of such an endeavour. The method has been adapted from an existing method for multi-perspective enterprise modelling. It supports strategy analysis and design as well as the corresponding organisational design. It also fosters the configuration of supporting information systems. Besides specialized process models, the method offers reference models for strategy design and a library of business process models. The process models can be transformed automatically into workflow schemata.

Die E-Learning-Plattform W3L Anforderungen, Didaktik, Ergonomie, Architektur, Entwicklung, Einsatz

Abstract: The acceptance of e-learning depends substantially on three factors: effective learning for the learners, effective providing of authors in producing learning contents and their economical application in enterprises and organizations. Optimal learning requires a representation and a dressing of teaching subjects, which consider the possibilities and boundary conditions of e-learning. In order to reduce arduous reading on the screen, e-learning-contents have to be available as scripts or books for the learners. The e-learning-platform W3L (Web Life Long Learning) realizes these requirements and makes “Blended Learning plus printr” possible. The W3L-Plattform can be acquired under license or used as ASP users.

Effektivität von Lösungsansätzen zur Bekämpfung von Spam

Abstract: Spam as unsolicited email has certainly crossed the border of just being bothersome. In 2003, it surpassed legitimate email — growing to more than 50% of all Internet emails. Annually, it causes economic harms of several billion Euros. Fighting spam, beside legal approaches especially technical means are deployed in practical systems, mainly focussing on blocking and filtering mechanisms.

Entwicklungsbegleitende Kalkulation von Softwareprojekten nach dem Unified Process

Abstract: In early stages of software development projects it is particularly hard to find cost estimates for these projects, however, their importance for management decisions is of key impact. The lack of knowledge about the projects’ quantity structure in early project phases and difficulties to exchange calculation specific information between the development and the accounting departments make reasonable cost planning a severe problem. Therefore, this paper shows a new method of preliminary and development-accompanying cost planning for software development projects based on the unified process. Key idea is an affinity approach that uses information of former development projects in an adjusted activity based costing method.

Softwaregestützte verhandlung in supply-chains: Koordination bei macht- und informationsasymmetrie

Abstract: This paper focuses on the coordination of order and production policies between buyers and suppliers in supply chains. Order quantities and delivery dates have to be negotiated between the supply chain partners. The results of theses negotiations are strongly influenced by the bargaining power of the parties involved. We present a software tool which supports the supplier’s bargaining process. The software tool can be employed for the generation and evaluation of different offers.

Data-Mining-Anwendungsarchitektur

Abstract: The ability to combine domain specific knowledge and special knowledge about using mathematical-statistical methods for analyzing big data bases at present time is not wide-spread in science and business. For the near future, an increase in data mining applications can be expected. So, one needs instruments to support non-specialists in using specific knowledege about data mining. In this paper a data mining architecture is introduced. Its main advantage is to offer a systematical scheme for data mining methods. These methods are structured with reference to applications. The data mining application architecture is a decision and structuring support for data mining problems to users, scientists and students.

Objektorientierte Systeme im Endbenutzercomputing

Abstract: Objektorientierte Softwaretechnologien sind derzeit in breiter Diskussion. Der Erfolg der objektorientierten Programmierung (OOP) ist dabei in engem, wenngleich prinzipiell nicht zwingendem, Zusammenhang mit der Verbreitung interaktiver graphischer Benutzerschnittstellen (GUI) zu sehen. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, in welcher breiten Form OOP Konzepte des professionellen Software-Engineering Eingang in die Systementwicklung im Endbenutzercomputing (EUC) gefunden haben. Im EUC-Bereich ist ein weicherer Definitionsrahmen anzulegen als bei den strengeren OOP-Formalismen. Dennoch lassen sich auch hier klare Regeln fur die Entwicklung von objektorientierten Systemen (OOS) definieren. Diese EUC orientierten OOS-Regeln werden aus den bekannten OOP-Formalismen Objekt, Nachricht/ Message, Methode, Klasse und Vererbung abgeleitet. Als Beispiele fur EUC-OOS werden allgemeine OOS-basierte Betriebsumgebungen mit GUI-Desktops wie auch spezialisierte OOS fur typische Anwendungsaufgaben der Wirtschaftsinformatik diskutiert. Konkrete Systembeispiele sind u.a.: NewWave (GUI-OOS Desktopsystem), der IlyperCard-Clone Plus, und InTouch (GUI-Applikationsgenerator fur Anwendungen wie elektronischer Leitstand).