Q2. What was the predictive of PTSD symptoms?
Moderation analysis revealed that anxiety, depression and other psychological problems were all significant risk factors, depression was the most predictive of PTSD symptoms.
Q3. What are the factors that have been considered as risk factors for PTSD?
Comorbid psychological difficulties, acute post-traumatic stress symptoms, andcoping styles are among the factors intrinsic to the child that have been considered as risk factors for PTSD.
Q4. What were the strongest predictors of PTSD?
Whilst all risk factors were statistically significant, only threat to life (r = .38) and pretrauma psychopathology (r = .29) were considered to be strong predictors of PTSD.
Q5. What effect size was assigned for the few studies that did not provide an effect size?
An effect size of zero was assigned for the few studies (k = 2, 0.4% of all effect sizes) that reported non-significant findings and did not provide an effect-size.
Q6. What is the main issue to be addressed in future studies?
Whether younger children are as able to report their distress and access help outside of research studies is however a significant issue to be addressed in future studies.
Q7. What is the extent to which knowledge can be robust?
The extent to which knowledge can be robust relates not just to obtaining preciseestimates of population effect sizes for risk factors, but also estimating the bias in these estimates.
Q8. What is the significance of the presence of a comorbid psychological problem in intentional trauma?
the presence of a comorbid psychological problem was more of a risk factor for PTSD, in intentional trauma compared to unintentional trauma.
Q9. What factors predicted PTSD in some populations?
Their analysis of moderators revealed that some risk factors (such as gender, age at trauma and race) predicted PTSD only in some populations whilst some predicted PTSDmore consistently (such as education, previous trauma, and general childhood adversity).
Q10. What databases were searched for the PTSD literature?
Various psychological and medical literature databases were searched, including the PILOTS database managed by the National Center for PTSD, Medline, PsychInfo, Embase and Web of Science.
Q11. What are the main categories of factors that are associated with the development of PTSD?
In trying to examine how different factors may be associated with the development of posttraumatic distress, the authors have categorised the wide range of different factors into the following categories: demographic factors, pre-trauma factors, objective trauma characteristics, subjective trauma characteristics, post-trauma individual factors, post-trauma psychological environment.
Q12. What is the common reason for the negative bias in the child PTSD literature?
Studies with non-significant findings are less likely to be published than studies with significant findings, which could result in a positive bias within the child PTSD literature.
Q13. How old was the sample to be included in the meta-analysis?
the age range for samples to be included in the present meta-analysis was set at 6-18 years as long as the measure of PTSD was appropriate for the age group of the sample.
Q14. What are the main factors that are linked to PTSD?
subjective factors, such as the perception of threat and peri-traumatic affect, are highly likely to be linked to the onset of PTSD (Perrin et al., 2000).