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A Review of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Applications, Architectural Design and Control Algorithms

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TLDR
In this paper , the authors present a clear categorization overview for more than a decade worth of substantial progress in UAVs and explore and examine various vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) configurations, expressing the dynamics, applicable simulation tools and control strategies for a Quadrotor.
Abstract
Abstract Over the past decade, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have received a significant attention due to their diverse capabilities for non-combatant and military applications. The primary aim of this study is to unveil a clear categorization overview for more than a decade worth of substantial progress in UAVs. The paper will begin with a general overview of the advancements, followed by an up-to-date explanation of the different mechanical structures and technical elements that have been included. The paper will then explore and examine various vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) configurations, followed by expressing the dynamics, applicable simulation tools and control strategies for a Quadrotor. In conclusion to this review, the dynamic system presented will always face limitations such as internal and/or external disturbances. Hence, this can be minimised by the choice of introducing appropriate control techniques or mechanical enhancements.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Quadcopter Precision Landing on Moving Targets via Disturbance Observer-Based Controller and Autonomous Landing Planner

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a disturbance observer-based control algorithm, consisting of a nonlinear disturbance observer and robust altitude and attitude controllers, which is based on the quadcopter dynamics model and its stability is strictly proved using Lyapunov's theory.
Journal ArticleDOI

Synthesized Landing Strategy for Quadcopter to Land Precisely on a Vertically Moving Apron

TL;DR: This paper proposes a synthesized landing algorithm that allows a quadcopter to land precisely on a vertically moving pad and introduces a disturbance observer-based altitude controller that allows the vehicle to perform robust altitude flight in the presence of external disturbances and the ground effect.
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Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Protocols in Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANET): A Review

TL;DR: The existing opportunities and challenges in this field are presented to provide a detailed and accurate view for researchers to be aware of the future research directions in order to improve the existing reinforcement learning-based routing algorithms.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling PID for UAV Position and Altitude Controllers

TL;DR: The main contribution of this research work is the development of a novel strategy based on a fuzzy-gain scheduling mechanism to adjust the PID controller to stabilize both position and altitude to be effective, simple, and robust to uncertainties and external disturbances.
Journal ArticleDOI

Adaptive neural network-based trajectory tracking outer loop control for a quadrotor

TL;DR: In this paper , an adaptive neural network-based controller for trajectory tracking of quadrotors is proposed, which is conceived as an outer loop controller that interacts with an inner loop controller in a two-loop configuration.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

State-space solutions to standard H/sub 2/ and H/sub infinity / control problems

TL;DR: In this article, simple state-space formulas are derived for all controllers solving the following standard H/sub infinity / problem: for a given number gamma > 0, find all controllers such that the H/ sub infinity / norm of the closed-loop transfer function is (strictly) less than gamma.
Journal ArticleDOI

Survey Research on gain scheduling

TL;DR: Current research on gain scheduling is clarifying customary practices as well as devising new approaches and methods for the design of nonlinear control systems.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

PID vs LQ control techniques applied to an indoor micro quadrotor

TL;DR: The results of two model-based control techniques applied to an autonomous four-rotor micro helicopter called quadrotor are presented, a classical approach (PID) assumed a simplified dynamics and a modern technique based on a more complete model.
Journal ArticleDOI

Classifications, applications, and design challenges of drones: A review

TL;DR: This review paper identifies a novel classification of flying drones that ranges from unmanned air vehicles to smart dusts at both ends of this spectrum, with their new defined applications.
Journal ArticleDOI

An integral predictive/nonlinear H∞ control structure for a quadrotor helicopter

TL;DR: An integral predictive and nonlinear robust control strategy to solve the path following problem for a quadrotor helicopter with parametric and structural uncertainties presented to corroborate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed strategy.